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httpd是一个开源软件，且一般用作web服务器来使用。目前最流行的web服务器软件叫做httpd， 在早期的http server就叫做apache，到了http server 2.0以后就改名为httpd了。 所以有时候听到apache服务器和httpd服务器其实都是指得是一个意思。
1、Apache的特点
功能强大、配置简单、速度快、应用广泛、性能稳定可靠，并可做代理服务器或负载均衡来使用，
运用：
- 使用Apache运行静态HTML网页、图片（处理静态小文件能力不及Nginx）。
- 使用Apache结合PHP引擎运行PHP、Perl、Python等程序
- 使用Apache结合Tomcat/Resion运行JSP，JAVA等程序
- 使用Apache作代理、负载均衡、rewrite规则过滤等等。
2、安装开发包组
[root@hadoop01]#yum groupinstall "development tools"
[root@hadoop01]#yum install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel安装需要的工具
yum install gcc注意：安装前检查是否已经存在httpd、如果已经存在先卸载(使用rpm -e --nodeps)
[root@httpd /]# rpm -qa httpd
rpm -e --nodeps 加 rpm -qa httpd 查看到的包名
rpm命令-qa参数
-q 查询的意思
-a 所有软件包
-e 移除的意思
--nodeps 不做软件间的依赖检查
更过参数使用man rpm 或 rpm --help查看3、安装Apache
下载httpd软件包：wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz，如下，下载完成：
[root@hadoop01 local]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz
--2018-09-06 19:49:13-- http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz
Resolving mirror.bit.edu.cn... 202.204.80.77, 2001:da8:204:2001:250:56ff:fea1:22
Connecting to mirror.bit.edu.cn|202.204.80.77|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9098780 (8.7M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz”
100%[======================================>] 9,098,780 188K/s in 53s
2018-09-06 19:50:06 (168 KB/s) - “httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz” saved [9098780/9098780]解压，测试安装环境并编译安装：
解压：tar zxvf httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz
然后进入加压后的目录：cd httpd-2.4.34，我们遇到不熟悉的软件是可参考这两个文件：README INSTALL
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE CHANGES httpd.dsp LICENSE ROADMAP
acinclude.m4 CMakeLists.txt httpd.mak Makefile.in server
Apache-apr2.dsw config.layout httpd.spec Makefile.win srclib
Apache.dsw config.log include modules support
apache_probes.d config.nice INSTALL NOTICE test
ap.d configure InstallBin.dsp NWGNUmakefile VERSIONING
build configure.in LAYOUT os
BuildAll.dsp docs libhttpd.dep README
BuildBin.dsp emacs-style libhttpd.dsp README.cmake
buildconf httpd.dep libhttpd.mak README.platforms
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# more README
Apache HTTP Server
What is it?
-----------
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful and flexible HTTP/1.1 compliant
web server. Originally designed as a replacement for the NCSA HTTP
Server, it has grown to be the most popular web server on the
Internet. As a project of the Apache Software Foundation, the
developers aim to collaboratively develop and maintain a robust,
commercial-grade, standards-based server with freely available
source code.
The Latest Version
------------------
Details of the latest version can be found on the Apache HTTP
server project page under http://httpd.apache.org/.
Documentation
-------------
The documentation available as of the date of this release is
included in HTML format in the docs/manual/ directory. The most
up-to-date documentation can be found at
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/.
Installation
------------
Please see the file called INSTALL. Platform specific notes can be
found in README.platforms.
Licensing
---------
Please see the file called LICENSE.
Cryptographic Software Notice
-----------------------------
This distribution may include software that has been designed for use
with cryptographic software. The country in which you currently reside
may have restrictions on the import, possession, use, and/or re-export
to another country, of encryption software. BEFORE using any encryption
software, please check your country's laws, regulations and policies
concerning the import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption
software, to see if this is permitted. See <http://www.wassenaar.org/>
for more information.
The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
algorithms. The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
code and source code.
The following provides more details on the included files that
may be subject to export controls on cryptographic software:
Apache httpd 2.0 and later versions include the mod_ssl module under
modules/ssl/
for configuring and listening to connections over SSL encrypted
network sockets by performing calls to a general-purpose encryption
library, such as OpenSSL or the operating system's platform-specific
SSL facilities.
In addition, some versions of apr-util provide an abstract interface
for symmetrical cryptographic functions that make use of a
general-purpose encryption library, such as OpenSSL, NSS, or the
operating system's platform-specific facilities. This interface is
known as the apr_crypto interface, with implementation beneath the
/crypto directory. The apr_crypto interface is used by the
mod_session_crypto module available under
modules/session
for optional encryption of session information.
Some object code distributions of Apache httpd, indicated with the
word "crypto" in the package name, may include object code for the
OpenSSL encryption library as distributed in open source form from
<http://www.openssl.org/source/>.
The above files are optional and may be removed if the cryptographic
functionality is not desired or needs to be excluded from redistribution.
Distribution packages of Apache httpd that include the word "nossl"
in the package name have been created without the above files and are
therefore not subject to this notice.
Contacts
--------
o If you want to be informed about new code releases, bug fixes,
security fixes, general news and information about the Apache server
subscribe to the apache-announce mailing list as described under
<http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html#http-announce>
o If you want freely available support for running Apache please see the
resources at <http://httpd.apache.org/support.html>
o If you have a concrete bug report for Apache please see the instructions
for bug reporting at <http://httpd.apache.org/bug_report.html>
o If you want to participate in actively developing Apache please
subscribe to the `[email protected]' mailing list as described at
<http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html#http-dev>
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# more INSTALL
APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
Quick Start - Unix
------------------
For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html
$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
$ make
$ make install
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
NOTES: * Replace PREFIX with the filesystem path under which
Apache should be installed. A typical installation
might use "/usr/local/apache2" for PREFIX (without the
quotes).
* Consider if you want to use a previously installed APR and
APR-Util (such as those provided with many OSes) or if you
need to use the APR and APR-Util from the apr.apache.org
project. If the latter, download the latest versions and
unpack them to ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (no
version numbers in the directory names) and use
./configure's --with-included-apr option. This is required
if you don't have the compiler which the system APR was
built with. It can also be advantageous if you are a
developer who will be linking your code with Apache or using
a debugger to step through server code, as it removes the
possibility of version or compile-option mismatches with APR
and APR-Util code. As a convenience, prepackaged source-code
bundles of APR and APR-Util are occasionally also provided
as a httpd-2.X.X-deps.tar.gz download.
* If you are a developer building Apache directly from
Subversion, you will need to run ./buildconf before running
configure. This script bootstraps the build environment and
requires Python as well as GNU autoconf and libtool. If you
build Apache from a release tarball, you don't have to run
buildconf.
* If you want to build a threaded MPM (for instance worker)
on FreeBSD, be aware that threads do not work well with
Apache on FreeBSD versions before 5.4-RELEASE. If you wish
to try a threaded Apache on an earlier version of FreeBSD,
use the --enable-threads parameter to ./configure in
addition to the --with-mpm parameter.
* If you are building directly from Subversion on Mac OS X
(Darwin), make sure to use GNU Libtool 1.4.2 or newer. All
recent versions of the developer tools on this platform
include a sufficiently recent version of GNU Libtool (named
glibtool, but buildconf knows where to find it).
For a short impression of what possibilities you have, here is a
typical example which configures Apache for the installation tree
/sw/pkg/apache with a particular compiler and flags plus the two
additional modules mod_rewrite and mod_speling for later loading
through the DSO mechanism:
$ CC="pgcc" CFLAGS="-O2" \
./configure --prefix=/sw/pkg/apache \
--enable-rewrite=shared \
--enable-speling=shared
The easiest way to find all of the configuration flags for Apache 2.4
is to run ./configure --help.
Quick Start - Windows
---------------------
For complete documentation, see manual/platform/windows.html.en or
<http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/platform/windows.html>
Postscript
----------
To obtain help with installation problems, please see the resources at
<http://httpd.apache.org/support.html>
Thanks for using the Apache HTTP Server, version 2.4.
The Apache Software Foundation
http://www.apache.org/测试安装环境： ./configure
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.这里报错，缺少apr,下载apr及apr-util：
apr是Apache Portable Runtime的缩写，中文译为Apache可移植运行环境，是httpd所必须的，apr-util同理。
apr及apr-util下载地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
[root@hadoop01 local]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@hadoop01 local]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@hadoop01 local]# tar -zxvf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@hadoop01 local]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
然后对apr进行安装：
[root@hadoop01 apr-1.6.3]# cd apr-1.6.3
[root@hadoop01 apr-1.6.3]# ./configure
[root@hadoop01 apr-1.6.3]# make && make install然后对apr-util进行安装：
[root@hadoop01 local]# cd apr-util-1.6.1
[root@hadoop01 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@hadoop01 apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install重新安装httpd服务：
[root@hadoop01 local]# cd httpd-2.4.34
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure
[root@hadoop01 httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install稍等片刻后，安装成功：
做软连接：
[root@hadoop01 apache2]# ln -s /usr/local/apache2/bin/* /usr/local/bin/检查：
[root@hadoop01 apache2]# apachectl -t
AH00557: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
[root@hadoop01 apache2]# cd ./conf/
[root@hadoop01 conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@hadoop01 conf]# pwd
/usr/local/apache2/conf
在这里修改配置一下文件
[root@hadoop01 conf]# vim httpd.conf
修改：
ServerName www.httpd.com:80
保存退出
[root@hadoop01 conf]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK然后启动：apachectl start，出现如下问题：
[root@hadoop01 conf]# apachectl start
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
AH00015: Unable to open logs说明80端口被占用：
[root@hadoop01 conf]# netstat -lnp|grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3624/nginx
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 22183 2809/nautilus /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af9-0-20431005da76d
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18180 2504/Xorg @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20735 2804/gconf-helper /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af4-0-7e6a0173cda7aps -ef|grep httpd，或者用netstat -lnp|grep 80察看占用的进程，可以发现nginx占用着80端口，关闭其或者杀掉这个进程
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# netstat -lnp|grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4024/nginx
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 22183 2809/nautilus /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af9-0-20431005da76d
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18180 2504/Xorg @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20735 2804/gconf-helper /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af4-0-7e6a0173cda7a
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# kill -9 4024
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# netstat -lnp|grep 80
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 22183 2809/nautilus /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af9-0-20431005da76d
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18180 2504/Xorg @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20735 2804/gconf-helper /tmp/orbit-brz/linc-af4-0-7e6a0173cda7a
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# apachectl start
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# lsof -i :80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd 67656 root 4u IPv6 257638 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 67657 daemon 4u IPv6 257638 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 67658 daemon 4u IPv6 257638 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 67659 daemon 4u IPv6 257638 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# ps -ef | grep httpd
root 67656 1 0 23:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 67657 67656 0 23:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 67658 67656 0 23:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 67659 67656 0 23:02 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
root 67772 67293 0 23:04 pts/4 00:00:00 grep httpd
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# 最后，查看防火墙状态，如果没有关闭，关闭防火墙
[root@hadoop01 sbin]# service iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.service iptables status : 查看防火墙的状态
service iptables start : 启动防火墙
service iptables stop : 停止防火墙
chkconfig iptables off ：开机不加载防火墙
chkconfig iptables --level 35 on : 以35级别启动服务器开启防火墙
