1.1、rabbitMQ的优点（适用范围）
1. 基于erlang语言开发具有高可用高并发的优点，适合集群服务器。
2. 健壮、稳定、易用、跨平台、支持多种语言、文档齐全。
3. 有消息确认机制和持久化机制，可靠性高。
4. 开源
其他MQ的优势：
1. Apache ActiveMQ曝光率最高，但是可能会丢消息。
2. ZeroMQ延迟很低、支持灵活拓扑，但是不支持消息持久化和崩溃恢复。
1.2、几个概念说明
producer&Consumer
producer指的是消息生产者，consumer消息的消费者。
Queue
消息队列，提供了FIFO的处理机制，具有缓存消息的能力。rabbitmq中，队列消息可以设置为持久化，临时或者自动删除。
设置为持久化的队列，queue中的消息会在server本地硬盘存储一份，防止系统crash，数据丢失
设置为临时队列，queue中的数据在系统重启之后就会丢失
设置为自动删除的队列，当不存在用户连接到server，队列中的数据会被自动删除Exchange
Exchange类似于数据通信网络中的交换机，提供消息路由策略。rabbitmq中，producer不是通过信道直接将消息发送给queue，而是先发送给Exchange。一个Exchange可以和多个Queue进行绑定，producer在传递消息的时候，会传递一个ROUTING_KEY，Exchange会根据这个ROUTING_KEY按照特定的路由算法，将消息路由给指定的queue。和Queue一样，Exchange也可设置为持久化，临时或者自动删除。
Exchange有4种类型：direct(默认)，fanout, topic, 和headers，不同类型的Exchange转发消息的策略有所区别：
Direct
直接交换器，工作方式类似于单播，Exchange会将消息发送完全匹配ROUTING_KEY的Queue
fanout
广播是式交换器，不管消息的ROUTING_KEY设置为什么，Exchange都会将消息转发给所有绑定的Queue。
topic
主题交换器，工作方式类似于组播，Exchange会将消息转发和ROUTING_KEY匹配模式相同的所有队列，比如，ROUTING_KEY为user.stock的Message会转发给绑定匹配模式为 * .stock,user.stock， * . * 和#.user.stock.#的队列。（ * 表是匹配一个任意词组，#表示匹配0个或多个词组）
headers
消息体的header匹配（ignore）
Binding
所谓绑定就是将一个特定的 Exchange 和一个特定的 Queue 绑定起来。Exchange 和Queue的绑定可以是多对多的关系。
virtual host
在rabbitmq server上可以创建多个虚拟的message broker，又叫做virtual hosts (vhosts)。每一个vhost本质上是一个mini-rabbitmq server，分别管理各自的exchange，和bindings。vhost相当于物理的server，可以为不同app提供边界隔离，使得应用安全的运行在不同的vhost实例上，相互之间不会干扰。producer和consumer连接rabbit server需要指定一个vhost。
1.3、消息队列的使用过程
1. 客户端连接到消息队列服务器，打开一个channel。
2. 客户端声明一个exchange，并设置相关属性。
3. 客户端声明一个queue，并设置相关属性。
4. 客户端使用routing key，在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系。
5. 客户端投递消息到exchange。
6. exchange接收到消息后，就根据消息的key和已经设置的binding，进行消息路由，将消息投递到一个或多个队列里
rabbitMq.xml配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
<!--配置connection-factory，指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
username="asdf" password="123456" host="10.75.4.25" port="5672" />
<!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"
exchange="exchangeTest" />
<!--通过指定下面的admin信息，当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" />
<!--定义queue -->
<rabbit:queue name="queueTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
<!-- 定义direct exchange，绑定queueTest -->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="queueTest" key="queueTestKey"></rabbit:binding>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
<!-- 消息接收者 -->
<bean id="messageReceiver" class="com.lin.consumer.MessageConsumer"></bean>
<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
<rabbit:listener queues="queueTest" ref="messageReceiver"/>
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
消息生产者
package com.lin.producer;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* 功能概要：消息产生,提交到队列中去
*
* @author linbingwen
* @since 2016年1月15日
*/
@Service
public class MessageProducer {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageProducer.class);
@Resource
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void sendMessage(Object message){
logger.info("to send message:{}",message);
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestKey",message);
}
}
3、消息消费者
package com.lin.consumer;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
/**
* 功能概要：消费接收
*
* @author linbingwen
* @since 2016年1月15日
*/
public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class);
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message) {
logger.info("receive message:{}",message);
}
}
1.实现一个消息监听器ReceiveMessageListener.Java
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package org.springframework.amqp.core;
/**
* Listener interface to receive asynchronous delivery of Amqp Messages.
*
* @author Mark Pollack
*/
public interface MessageListener {
void onMessage(Message message);
}
2.消费者配置Consumer.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
<!-- 连接服务配置 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="192.168.36.102" username="admin"
password="admin" port="5672" virtual-host="/" channel-cache-size="5" />
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!-- queue 队列声明-->
<rabbit:queue durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" name="spring.queue.tag"/>
<!-- exchange queue binging key 绑定 -->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="spring.queue.exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring.queue.tag" key="spring.queue.tag.key"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
<bean id="receiveMessageListener"
class="cn.slimsmart.rabbitmq.demo.spring.tag.ReceiveMessageListener" />
<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto" >
<rabbit:listener queues="spring.queue.tag" ref="receiveMessageListener" />
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
3.生产者配置Producer.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
<!-- 连接服务配置 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
host="192.168.36.102" username="admin" password="admin" port="5672"
virtual-host="/" channel-cache-size="5" />
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" />
<!-- queue 队列声明 -->
<rabbit:queue durable="true"
auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" name="spring.queue.tag" />
<!-- exchange queue binging key 绑定 -->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="spring.queue.exchange"
durable="true" auto-delete="false">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring.queue.tag" key="spring.queue.tag.key" />
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
<!-- spring amqp默认的是jackson 的一个插件,目的将生产者生产的数据转换为json存入消息队列，由于Gson的速度快于jackson,这里替换为Gson的一个实现 -->
<bean id="jsonMessageConverter"
class="cn.slimsmart.rabbitmq.demo.spring.tag.Gson2JsonMessageConverter" />
<!-- spring template声明 -->
<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" exchange="spring.queue.exchange" routing-key="spring.queue.tag.key"
connection-factory="connectionFactory" message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" />
</beans>
4.消费者启动类ConsumerMain.java
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package cn.slimsmart.rabbitmq.demo.spring.tag;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class ConsumerMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Consumer.xml");
}
}
5.生产者启动类ProducerMain.java
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package cn.slimsmart.rabbitmq.demo.spring.tag;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class ProducerMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Producer.xml");
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);
User user = new User();
user.setName("niuniu");
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(user);
}
}
1.RabbitMQ简介
RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。
官网：http://www.rabbitmq.com/
2.Spring集成RabbitMQ
2.1 maven配置
//pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.2 rabbmitmq配置文件
//rabbitmq-config.properties
mq.host=127.0.0.1
mq.username=test
mq.password=123456
mq.port=5672
mq.vhost=testmq
2.3 Spring配置
//application-mq.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd" >
<description>rabbitmq 连接服务配置</description>
<!-- 连接配置 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${mq.host}" username="${mq.username}" password="${mq.password}" port="${mq.port}" virtual-host="${mq.vhost}"/>
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!-- spring template声明-->
<rabbit:template exchange="amqpExchange" id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" />
<!-- 消息对象json转换类 -->
<bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" />
</beans>
3. 在Spring中使用RabbitMQ
3.1 申明一个消息队列Queue
//application-mq.xml
<rabbit:queue id="test_queue_key" name="test_queue_key" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
说明：
durable:是否持久化
exclusive: 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除
auto_delete: 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列
3.2 交换机定义
//application-mq.xml
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="test-mq-exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false" id="test-mq-exchange">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="test_queue_key" key="test_queue_key"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
说明：
rabbit:direct-exchange：定义exchange模式为direct，意思就是消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配，才会转发。
rabbit:binding：设置消息queue匹配的key
3.3 发送消息Producer
//MQProducer.java
public interface MQProducer {
/**
* 发送消息到指定队列
* @param queueKey
* @param object
*/
public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object);
}
@Service
public class MQProducerImpl implements MQProducer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MQProducerImpl.class);
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see com.stnts.tita.rm.api.mq.MQProducer#sendDataToQueue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object) {
try {
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(queueKey, object);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error(e);
}
}
}
说明：
convertAndSend：将Java对象转换为消息发送到匹配Key的交换机中Exchange，由于配置了JSON转换，这里是将Java对象转换成JSON字符串的形式。原文：Convert a Java object to an Amqp Message and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
3.4 异步接收消息Consumer
定义监听器
//QueueListenter.java
@Component
public class QueueListenter implements MessageListener {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message msg) {
try{
System.out.print(msg.toString());
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
监听配置
//application-mq.xml
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto">
<rabbit:listener queues="test_queue" ref="queueListenter"/>
</rabbit:listener-container>
说明：
queues：监听的队列，多个的话用逗号（,）分隔
ref：监听器
3.5 JUnit测试
//TestQueue.java
@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
"classpath:/ApplicationContext/ApplicationContext-mq.xml"})
public class TestQueue{
@Autowired
MQProducer mqProducer;
final String queue_key = "test_queue";
@Test
public void send(){
Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap()<>;
msg.put("data","hello,rabbmitmq!");
mqProducer.sendDataToQueue(query_key,msg);
}
}
Spring Rabbitmq使用实例
Message Producer
生产者的Rabbitmq.xml配置，这里我们使用rabbit标签来配置rabbitmq客户端。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
<!--配置connection-factory，指定连接rabbit server参数-->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" username="guest" password="guest"
host="localhost"
port="5672"
virtual-host="/"/>
<!--通过指定下面的admin信息，当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成-->
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!--定义queue-->
<rabbit:queue id="com.mj.test" name="com.mj.test" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false"/>
<!-- 定义direct exchange，绑定com.mj.test queue -->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="myChange" durable="true" auto-delete="false">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="com.mj.test" key="hello"></rabbit:binding>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
<!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送-->
<rabbit:template id="myAmqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" exchange="myChange"/>
</beans>
ApplicationContext.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd">
<!-- 使能AOP-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<!-- 自动装载bean使能-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mj.amq"/>
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 声明一个事物管理 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 启用annotation的事务支持 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/>
<import resource="Rabbitmq.xml"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/student?useUnicode=true&characoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Producer发送数据Java代码
@Service
public class MessageSender {
@Resource(name="myAmqpTemplate")
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void sendMessage(Object message){
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",message);
}
}
Message Consumer
Rabbitmq.xml配置
Rabbitmq接收端需要配置Connection-Factory实例，监听的队列，以及Listener-container。同时，我们需要创建监听队列的java bean。这里我们使用的是spring rabbitmq提供的异步MessageListener接口，consumer的业务逻辑在onMessage中实现。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" username="guest" password="guest"
host="localhost"
port="5672"
virtual-host="/"/>
<rabbit:queue id="com.mj.test" name="com.mj.test" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false"/>
<bean id="messageReceiver" class="com.mj.amq.MessageReceiver"></bean>
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
<rabbit:listener queues="com.mj.test" ref="messageReceiver"/>
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
ApplicationContext.xml和producer的一致
Consumer侦听mq消息代码
public class MessageReceiver implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
System.out.println(message);
}
public static void main(String[]args){
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
}
}
测试
启动MessageReceiver的main函数，运行producer的单元测试，会在MessageReceiver的concole端看到接收都到的数据。同时登陆rabbitmq客户端可以看到我们配置的Exchange和queue信息。
public class MessageSenderTest {
private ApplicationContext context = null;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
}
@Test
public void should_send_a_amq_message() throws Exception {
MessageSender messageSender = (MessageSender) context.getBean("messageSender");
messageSender.sendMessage("Hello, I am amq sender");
}
}
RabbitMQ总结
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转载自tangkuo.iteye.com/blog/2342358
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