Spring Cloud简介
Spring Cloud是一个基于Spring Boot实现的云应用开发工具,它为基于JVM的云应用开发中的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话和集群状态管理等操作提供了一种简单的开发方式。
Spring Cloud包含了多个子项目(针对分布式系统中涉及的多个不同开源产品),比如:Spring Cloud Config、Spring Cloud Netflix、Spring Cloud CloudFoundry、Spring Cloud AWS、Spring Cloud Security、Spring Cloud Commons、Spring Cloud Zookeeper、Spring Cloud CLI等项目。
1.搭建eureka服务
1.1 创建springboot项目
http://start.spring.io/ 自定义spring boot在线maven构建工具很方便
1.2 修改pom文件,添加spring cloud 依赖如下
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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<version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
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<type>pom</type>
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<scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
代码中加红的部分是对应的版本
如果 spring boot的版本是 1.4之前 对应的版本是Brixton.RELEASE,1.4之后 对应的Dalston.RELEASE版本如果对应不起来会报错
1.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下
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@EnableEurekaServer
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@SpringBootApplication
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public class SpringCloudApplication {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApplication.class, args);
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}
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}
1.4 配置文件application.properties
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#端口号
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server.port=1111
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# eureka.client.registerWithEureka :表示是否将自己注册到Eureka Server,默认为true。
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# 由于当前这个应用就是Eureka Server,故而设为false
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eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
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# eureka.client.fetchRegistry :表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息,默认为true。因为这是一个单点的Eureka Server,
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# 不需要同步其他的Eureka Server节点的数据,故而设为false。
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eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
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# eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone :设置与Eureka Server交互的地址,查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。默认是
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eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
配置好了以后启动 访问 http://localhost:1111/ 就出现了spring cloud 管理中心
2.搭建服务端
2.1 创建springboot项目同上
2.2 修改pom文件,添加spring cloud 依赖如下
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<parent>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
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<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
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<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
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</parent>
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<properties>
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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
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<java.version>1.8</java.version>
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</properties>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<!-- sping cloud 注册服务 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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<version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
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<type>pom</type>
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<scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
2.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下
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@SpringBootApplication
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@EnableEurekaClient
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@EnableFeignClients
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public class SpringServiceApplication {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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SpringApplication.run(SpringServiceApplication.class, args);
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}
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}
2.4 配置文件application.properties
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#服务名称
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spring.application.name=compute-service1
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#端口号
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server.port=2222
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#注册中心
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eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
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spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true
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#注册中心的服务id
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spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=compute-server
2.5启动项目后如下图
红框内就是启动的项目,显示的是服务的id和端口号
3 spring cloud 路由网关服务
3.1 创建 spring boot项目 同上
3.2 修改pom文件,添加spring cloud 依赖如下
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<groupId>com.xue</groupId>
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<artifactId>sring-zuul</artifactId>
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<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
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<packaging>jar</packaging>
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<name>sring-zuul</name>
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<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
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<parent>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
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<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
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<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
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</parent>
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<properties>
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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
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<java.version>1.8</java.version>
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</properties>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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<version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
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<type>pom</type>
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<scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
3.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下
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@EnableZuulProxy
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@EnableEurekaClient
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@SpringBootApplication
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public class SringZuulApplication {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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SpringApplication.run(SringZuulApplication.class, args);
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}
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}
3.4 配置文件application.properties
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eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
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server.port=3333
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spring.application.name=service-zuul
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#表示只要访问以/api-a/开头的多层目录都可以路由到 id为compute-service1的服务上
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zuul.routes.compute-service1=/api-a/**
#表示只要访问以/api-a/开头的多层目录都可以路由到 id为compute-service1的服务上
zuul.routes.compute-service1=/api-a/**
上面的一行等同于下面的两行
zuul.routes.api-a.path=/api-a/**
zuul.routes.api-a.serviceId=compute-service1
通配符 | 含义 | 举例 | 解释 |
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? | 匹配任意单个字符 | /feign-consumer/? | 匹配/feign-consumer/a,/feign-consumer/b,/feign-consumer/c等 |
* | 匹配任意数量的字符 | /feign-consumer/* | 匹配/feign-consumer/aaa,feign-consumer/bbb,/feign-consumer/ccc等,无法匹配/feign-consumer/a/b/c |
** | 匹配任意数量的字符 | /feign-consumer/* | 匹配/feign-consumer/aaa,feign-consumer/bbb,/feign-consumer/ccc等,也可以匹配/feign-consumer/a/b/c |
3.4 启动项目 测试
3.5服务过滤
zuul不仅只是路由,并且还能过滤,做一些安全验证。继续改造工程;
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@Component
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public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{
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private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
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@Override
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public String filterType() {
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return "pre";
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}
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@Override
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public int filterOrder() {
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return 0;
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}
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@Override
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public boolean shouldFilter() {
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return true;
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}
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@Override
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public Object run() {
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RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
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HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
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log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
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Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
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if(accessToken == null) {
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log.warn("token is empty");
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ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
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ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
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try {
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ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
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}catch (Exception e){}
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return null;
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}
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log.info("ok");
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return null;
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}
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}
- filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下:
- pre:路由之前
- routing:路由之时
- post: 路由之后
- error:发送错误调用
- filterOrder:过滤的顺序
- shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
- run:过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂,包括查sql,nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。