Python数据可视化之Pygal图表类型

将使用Python可视化包Pygal来生成可缩放的矢量图形文件

pygal官方文档：www.pygal.org/en/stable/

START

安装pygal

pip install pygal -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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使用的编辑器是Pycharm工具软件，各位可以参考一下

下载完并且安装完Pycharn后新建项目新建python文件

简单的python图表

import pygal

pygal.Bar()(1, 3, 3, 7)(1, 6, 6, 4).render()
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生成svg图表

pygal.Bar()(1, 3, 3, 7)(1, 6, 6, 4).render_to_file("simple.svg")
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由于markdown不支持svg格式，只好用截图代替

制作多系列图标

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.Bar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("mul-graph.svg")
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堆叠图表StackedBar

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.StackedBar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("StackedBar.svg")
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将上面的图表水平HorizontalStackedBar

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.HorizontalStackedBar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("HorizontalStackedBar.svg")
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添加标签

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.HorizontalStackedBar()
bar_chart.title = "Remarquable sequences"
bar_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(11))
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("HorizontalStackedBar-add-labels.svg")
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图表类型

上面只介绍了Bar，下面就介绍Pygal各种图表类型

Line

Basic

基本的简单线形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.Line()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("line-basic.svg")
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Horizontal Line

相同的图形但水平，范围为0-100。

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.HorizontalLine()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.range = [0, 100]
line_chart.render_to_file("line-horizontal-line.svg")
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Stacked

相同的图形但具有堆叠值和填充渲染

import pygal

# fill参数是指是否填充
line_chart = pygal.StackedLine(fill=True)
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("line-stacked.svg")
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Time

对于与时间相关的图，只需格式化标签或使用xy图表的一种变体

import pygal
from datetime import datetime

# x_label_rotation=20是指x轴标签右旋转20度，可负数，负数向左旋转
date_chart = pygal.Line(x_label_rotation=-20)
date_chart.x_labels = map(lambda d: d.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), [
 datetime(2013, 1, 2),
 datetime(2013, 1, 12),
 datetime(2013, 2, 2),
 datetime(2013, 2, 22)])
date_chart.add("Visits", [300, 412, 823, 672])
date_chart.render_to_file("line-time.svg")
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Lambda是一个表达式，也可以是一个匿名函数

def sum(x, y):
    return x + y
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在Lambda中可以这样写

p = lambda x, y: x + y
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Bar

Basic

基本的简单条形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.Bar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-basic.svg")
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Stacked

相同的图形但具有堆叠值

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.StackedBar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-stacked.svg")
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Horizontal

水平条形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.HorizontalBar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
line_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
line_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
line_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
line_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
line_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-horizontal.svg")
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Histogram

Basic

直方图是特殊条形，它为条形图取3个值：纵坐标高度，横坐标开始和横坐标结束。

import pygal

hist = pygal.Histogram()
hist.add('Wide bars', [(5, 0, 10), (4, 5, 13), (2, 0, 15)])
hist.add('Narrow bars',  [(10, 1, 2), (12, 4, 4.5), (8, 11, 13)])
hist.render_to_file("histogram-basic.svg")
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XY

Basic

基本XY线，绘制余弦函数

import pygal
from math import cos

xy_chart = pygal.XY()
xy_chart.title = 'XY Cosinus'
xy_chart.add('x = cos(y)', [(cos(x / 10.), x / 10.) for x in range(-50, 50, 5)])
xy_chart.add('y = cos(x)', [(x / 10., cos(x / 10.)) for x in range(-50, 50, 5)])
xy_chart.add('x = 1',  [(1, -5), (1, 5)])
xy_chart.add('x = -1', [(-1, -5), (-1, 5)])
xy_chart.add('y = 1',  [(-5, 1), (5, 1)])
xy_chart.add('y = -1', [(-5, -1), (5, -1)])
xy_chart.render_to_file("xy-basic.svg")
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Scatter Plot

禁用点和点之间的连线而获得散点图

import pygal

# stroke参数是指是否禁用连线
xy_chart = pygal.XY(stroke=False)
xy_chart.title = 'Correlation'
xy_chart.add('A', [(0, 0), (.1, .2), (.3, .1), (.5, 1), (.8, .6), (1, 1.08), (1.3, 1.1), (2, 3.23), (2.43, 2)])
xy_chart.add('B', [(.1, .15), (.12, .23), (.4, .3), (.6, .4), (.21, .21), (.5, .3), (.6, .8), (.7, .8)])
xy_chart.add('C', [(.05, .01), (.13, .02), (1.5, 1.7), (1.52, 1.6), (1.8, 1.63), (1.5, 1.82), (1.7, 1.23), (2.1, 2.23), (2.3, 1.98)])
xy_chart.render_to_file("xy-scatter-plot.svg")
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Dates

DateTime

import pygal
from datetime import datetime

# truncate_label=-1是指显示到最后一个元素
# x_value_formatter指X轴的值的格式化
datetimeline = pygal.DateTimeLine(
    x_label_rotation=35, truncate_label=-1,
    x_value_formatter=lambda dt: dt.strftime('%d, %b %Y at %I:%M:%S %p')
)
datetimeline.add("Serie", [
    (datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 0), 300),
    (datetime(2013, 1, 12, 14, 30, 45), 412),
    (datetime(2013, 2, 2, 6), 823),
    (datetime(2013, 2, 22, 9, 45), 672)
])
datetimeline.render_to_file("dates-datetime.svg")
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Date

import pygal
from datetime import date

dateline = pygal.DateLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.x_labels = [
    date(2013, 1, 1),
    date(2013, 7, 1),
    date(2014, 1, 1),
    date(2014, 7, 1),
    date(2015, 1, 1),
    date(2015, 7, 1)
]
dateline.add("Serie", [
    (date(2013, 1, 2), 213),
    (date(2013, 8, 2), 281),
    (date(2014, 12, 7), 198),
    (date(2015, 3, 21), 120)
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-date.svg")
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Time

import pygal
from datetime import time

dateline = pygal.TimeLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.add("Serie", [
  (time(), 0),
  (time(6), 5),
  (time(8, 30), 12),
  (time(11, 59, 59), 4),
  (time(18), 10),
  (time(23, 30), -1),
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-time.svg")
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TimeDelta

import pygal
from datetime import timedelta

dateline = pygal.TimeDeltaLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.add("Serie", [
  (timedelta(), 0),
  (timedelta(seconds=6), 5),
  (timedelta(minutes=11, seconds=59), 4),
  (timedelta(days=3, microseconds=30), 12),
  (timedelta(weeks=1), 10),
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-timedelta.svg")
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Pie

Basic

简单的饼图

import pygal

pie_chart = pygal.Pie()
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-basic.svg")
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Multi-series pie

相同的饼图，但分为子类别

import pygal

pie_chart = pygal.Pie()
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage by version in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', [5.7, 10.2, 2.6, 1])
pie_chart.add('Firefox', [.6, 16.8, 7.4, 2.2, 1.2, 1, 1, 1.1, 4.3, 1])
pie_chart.add('Chrome', [.3, .9, 17.1, 15.3, .6, .5, 1.6])
pie_chart.add('Safari', [4.4, .1])
pie_chart.add('Opera', [.1, 1.6, .1, .5])
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-multi-series.svg")
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Donut

可以指定内半径来获得甜甜圈

import pygal

# inner_radius内圆半径0和1之间
pie_chart = pygal.Pie(inner_radius=.5)
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-donut.svg")
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Half pie

import pygal

# half_pie参数是指是否为半圆
pie_chart = pygal.Pie(half_pie=True)
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-half.svg")
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Radar

Basic

简单的Kiviat图

import pygal

radar_chart = pygal.Radar()
radar_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
radar_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
radar_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
radar_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
radar_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
radar_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
radar_chart.render_to_file("radar-basic.svg")
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或者也可以

import pygal

radar_chart = pygal.Radar(title='V8 benchmark results', width=600, height=500)
radar_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
radar_chart.width = 600
radar_chart.height = 500
radar_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
radar_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
radar_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
radar_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
radar_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
radar_chart.render_to_file("radar-basic.svg")
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Box

Extremes (default)

import pygal

box_plot = pygal.Box()
box_plot.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
box_plot.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
box_plot.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
box_plot.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
box_plot.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
box_plot.render_to_file("box-extremes.svg")
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1.5 interquartile range

import pygal

box_plot = pygal.Box(box_mode="1.5IQR")
box_plot.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
box_plot.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
box_plot.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
box_plot.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
box_plot.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
box_plot.render_to_file("box-interquartile.svg")
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Dot

Basic

import pygal

dot_chart = pygal.Dot(x_label_rotation=30)
dot_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
dot_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
dot_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
dot_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
dot_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
dot_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
dot_chart.render_to_file('dot-basic.svg')
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Negative

支持负数

import pygal

dot_chart = pygal.Dot(x_label_rotation=30)
dot_chart.add('Normal', [10, 50, 76, 80, 25])
dot_chart.add('With negatives', [0, -34, -29, 39, -75])
dot_chart.render_to_file('dot-negative.svg')
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Funnel

Basic

漏斗图

import pygal

funnel_chart = pygal.Funnel()
funnel_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
funnel_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
funnel_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
funnel_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
funnel_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
funnel_chart.render_to_file('funnel-basic.svg')
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SolidGauge

import pygal

gauge = pygal.SolidGauge(inner_radius=0.70)
# 百分格式
percent_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}%'.format(x)
# 美元格式
dollar_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}$'.format(x)
gauge.value_formatter = percent_formatter

gauge.add('Series 1', [{'value': 225000, 'max_value': 1275000}],
          formatter=dollar_formatter)
gauge.add('Series 2', [{'value': 110, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 3', [{'value': 3}])
gauge.add(
    'Series 4', [
        {'value': 51, 'max_value': 100},
        {'value': 12, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 5', [{'value': 79, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 6', 99)
gauge.add('Series 7', [{'value': 100, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.render_to_file('solidgauge-normal.svg')
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Half

import pygal

gauge = pygal.SolidGauge(
    half_pie=True, inner_radius=0.70,
    style=pygal.style.styles['default'](value_font_size=10))

percent_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}%'.format(x)
dollar_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}$'.format(x)
gauge.value_formatter = percent_formatter

gauge.add('Series 1', [{'value': 225000, 'max_value': 1275000}],
          formatter=dollar_formatter)
gauge.add('Series 2', [{'value': 110, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 3', [{'value': 3}])
gauge.add(
    'Series 4', [
        {'value': 51, 'max_value': 100},
        {'value': 12, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 5', [{'value': 79, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 6', 99)
gauge.add('Series 7', [{'value': 100, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.render_to_file('solidgauge-half.svg')
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Gauge

Basic

仪表图

import pygal

gauge_chart = pygal.Gauge(human_readable=True)
gauge_chart.title = 'DeltaBlue V8 benchmark results'
gauge_chart.range = [0, 10000]
gauge_chart.add('Chrome', 8212)
gauge_chart.add('Firefox', 8099)
gauge_chart.add('Opera', 2933)
gauge_chart.add('IE', 41)
gauge_chart.render_to_file('gauge-basic.svg')
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Pyramid

Basic

人口金字塔

import pygal

ages = [(364381, 358443, 360172, 345848, 334895, 326914, 323053, 312576, 302015, 301277, 309874, 318295, 323396, 332736, 330759, 335267, 345096, 352685, 368067, 381521, 380145, 378724, 388045, 382303, 373469, 365184, 342869, 316928, 285137, 273553, 250861, 221358, 195884, 179321, 171010, 162594, 152221, 148843, 143013, 135887, 125824, 121493, 115913, 113738, 105612, 99596, 91609, 83917, 75688, 69538, 62999, 58864, 54593, 48818, 44739, 41096, 39169, 36321, 34284, 32330, 31437, 30661, 31332, 30334, 23600, 21999, 20187, 19075, 16574, 15091, 14977, 14171, 13687, 13155, 12558, 11600, 10827, 10436, 9851, 9794, 8787, 7993, 6901, 6422, 5506, 4839, 4144, 3433, 2936, 2615),
   (346205, 340570, 342668, 328475, 319010, 312898, 308153, 296752, 289639, 290466, 296190, 303871, 309886, 317436, 315487, 316696, 325772, 331694, 345815, 354696, 354899, 351727, 354579, 341702, 336421, 321116, 292261, 261874, 242407, 229488, 208939, 184147, 162662, 147361, 140424, 134336, 126929, 125404, 122764, 116004, 105590, 100813, 95021, 90950, 85036, 79391, 72952, 66022, 59326, 52716, 46582, 42772, 38509, 34048, 30887, 28053, 26152, 23931, 22039, 20677, 19869, 19026, 18757, 18308, 14458, 13685, 12942, 12323, 11033, 10183, 10628, 10803, 10655, 10482, 10202, 10166, 9939, 10138, 10007, 10174, 9997, 9465, 9028, 8806, 8450, 7941, 7253, 6698, 6267, 5773),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 91, 412, 1319, 2984, 5816, 10053, 16045, 24240, 35066, 47828, 62384, 78916, 97822, 112738, 124414, 130658, 140789, 153951, 168560, 179996, 194471, 212006, 225209, 228886, 239690, 245974, 253459, 255455, 260715, 259980, 256481, 252222, 249467, 240268, 238465, 238167, 231361, 223832, 220459, 222512, 220099, 219301, 221322, 229783, 239336, 258360, 271151, 218063, 213461, 207617, 196227, 174615, 160855, 165410, 163070, 157379, 149698, 140570, 131785, 119936, 113751, 106989, 99294, 89097, 78413, 68174, 60592, 52189, 43375, 35469, 29648, 24575, 20863),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 74, 392, 1351, 3906, 7847, 12857, 19913, 29108, 42475, 58287, 74163, 90724, 108375, 125886, 141559, 148061, 152871, 159725, 171298, 183536, 196136, 210831, 228757, 238731, 239616, 250036, 251759, 259593, 261832, 264864, 264702, 264070, 258117, 253678, 245440, 241342, 239843, 232493, 226118, 221644, 223440, 219833, 219659, 221271, 227123, 232865, 250646, 261796, 210136, 201824, 193109, 181831, 159280, 145235, 145929, 140266, 133082, 124350, 114441, 104655, 93223, 85899, 78800, 72081, 62645, 53214, 44086, 38481, 32219, 26867, 21443, 16899, 13680, 11508),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 5, 17, 15, 31, 34, 38, 35, 45, 299, 295, 218, 247, 252, 254, 222, 307, 316, 385, 416, 463, 557, 670, 830, 889, 1025, 1149, 1356, 1488, 1835, 1929, 2130, 2362, 2494, 2884, 3160, 3487, 3916, 4196, 4619, 5032, 5709, 6347, 7288, 8139, 9344, 11002, 12809, 11504, 11918, 12927, 13642, 13298, 14015, 15751, 17445, 18591, 19682, 20969, 21629, 22549, 23619, 25288, 26293, 27038, 27039, 27070, 27750, 27244, 25905, 24357, 22561, 21794, 20595),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 8, 0, 8, 21, 34, 49, 84, 97, 368, 401, 414, 557, 654, 631, 689, 698, 858, 1031, 1120, 1263, 1614, 1882, 2137, 2516, 2923, 3132, 3741, 4259, 4930, 5320, 5948, 6548, 7463, 8309, 9142, 10321, 11167, 12062, 13317, 15238, 16706, 18236, 20336, 23407, 27024, 32502, 37334, 34454, 38080, 41811, 44490, 45247, 46830, 53616, 58798, 63224, 66841, 71086, 73654, 77334, 82062, 87314, 92207, 94603, 94113, 92753, 93174, 91812, 87757, 84255, 79723, 77536, 74173),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 0, 11, 35, 137, 331, 803, 1580, 2361, 3632, 4866, 6849, 8754, 10422, 12316, 14152, 16911, 19788, 22822, 27329, 31547, 35711, 38932, 42956, 46466, 49983, 52885, 55178, 56549, 57632, 57770, 57427, 56348, 55593, 55554, 53266, 51084, 49342, 48555, 47067, 45789, 44988, 44624, 44238, 46267, 46203, 36964, 33866, 31701, 28770, 25174, 22702, 21934, 20638, 19051, 17073, 15381, 13736, 11690, 10368, 9350, 8375, 7063, 6006, 5044, 4030, 3420, 2612, 2006, 1709, 1264, 1018),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 6, 11, 20, 68, 179, 480, 1077, 2094, 3581, 5151, 7047, 9590, 12434, 15039, 17257, 19098, 21324, 24453, 27813, 32316, 37281, 43597, 49647, 53559, 58888, 62375, 67219, 70956, 73547, 74904, 75994, 76224, 74979, 72064, 70330, 68944, 66527, 63073, 60899, 60968, 58756, 57647, 56301, 57246, 57068, 59027, 59187, 47549, 44425, 40976, 38077, 32904, 29431, 29491, 28020, 26086, 24069, 21742, 19498, 17400, 15738, 14451, 13107, 11568, 10171, 8530, 7273, 6488, 5372, 4499, 3691, 3259, 2657)]

types = ['Males single', 'Females single',
         'Males married', 'Females married',
         'Males widowed', 'Females widowed',
         'Males divorced', 'Females divorced']

pyramid_chart = pygal.Pyramid(human_readable=True, legend_at_bottom=True)
pyramid_chart.title = 'England population by age in 2010 (source: ons.gov.uk)'
pyramid_chart.x_labels = map(lambda x: str(x) if not x % 5 else '', range(90))
for type, age in zip(types, ages):
    pyramid_chart.add(type, age)
pyramid_chart.render_to_file('pyramid-basic.svg')
复制代码

Treemap

Basic

树形图

import pygal

treemap = pygal.Treemap()
treemap.title = 'Binary TreeMap'
treemap.add('A', [2, 1, 12, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 12, 3, 4, None, 9])
treemap.add('B', [4, 2, 5, 10, 3, 4, 2, 7, 4, -10, None, 8, 3, 1])
treemap.add('C', [3, 8, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 5, 4, 12])
treemap.add('D', [23, 18])
treemap.add('E', [1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3,
      4, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
treemap.add('F', [31])
treemap.add('G', [5, 9.3, 8.1, 12, 4, 3, 2])
treemap.add('H', [12, 3, 3])
treemap.render_to_file('treemap-basic.svg')
复制代码

Maps

World map

安装

pip install pygal_maps_world
复制代码

Countries

import pygal

worldmap_chart = pygal.maps.world.World()
worldmap_chart.title = 'Some countries'
worldmap_chart.add('C countries', ['cn', 'ca', 'ch', 'cg'])
worldmap_chart.add('F countries', ['fr', 'fi'])
worldmap_chart.add('M countries', ['ma', 'mc', 'md', 'me', 'mg',
                                   'mk', 'ml', 'mm', 'mn', 'mo',
                                   'mr', 'mt', 'mu', 'mv', 'mw',
                                   'mx', 'my', 'mz'])
worldmap_chart.add('U countries', ['ua', 'ug', 'us', 'uy', 'uz'])
worldmap_chart.render_to_file('world-map-countries.svg')
复制代码

Continents

访问各大洲

import pygal

supra = pygal.maps.world.SupranationalWorld()
supra.add('Asia', [('asia', 1)])
supra.add('Europe', [('europe', 1)])
supra.add('Africa', [('africa', 1)])
supra.add('North america', [('north_america', 1)])
supra.add('South america', [('south_america', 1)])
supra.add('Oceania', [('oceania', 1)])
supra.add('Antartica', [('antartica', 1)])
supra.render_to_file('world-map-continents.svg')
复制代码

国家代码列表

code	Country	code	Country
ad	Andorra	la	Lao People’s Democratic Republic
ae	United Arab Emirates	lb	Lebanon
af	Afghanistan	li	Liechtenstein
al	Albania	lk	Sri Lanka
am	Armenia	lr	Liberia
ao	Angola	ls	Lesotho
aq	Antarctica	lt	Lithuania
ar	Argentina	lu	Luxembourg
at	Austria	lv	Latvia
au	Australia	ly	Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
az	Azerbaijan	ma	Morocco
ba	Bosnia and Herzegovina	mc	Monaco
bd	Bangladesh	md	Moldova, Republic of
be	Belgium	me	Montenegro
bf	Burkina Faso	mg	Madagascar
bg	Bulgaria	mk	Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
bh	Bahrain	ml	Mali
bi	Burundi	mm	Myanmar
bj	Benin	mn	Mongolia
bn	Brunei Darussalam	mo	Macao
bo	Bolivia, Plurinational State of	mr	Mauritania
br	Brazil	mt	Malta
bt	Bhutan	mu	Mauritius
bw	Botswana	mv	Maldives
by	Belarus	mw	Malawi
bz	Belize	mx	Mexico
ca	Canada	my	Malaysia
cd	Congo, the Democratic Republic of the	mz	Mozambique
cf	Central African Republic	na	Namibia
cg	Congo	ne	Niger
ch	Switzerland	ng	Nigeria
ci	Cote d’Ivoire	ni	Nicaragua
cl	Chile	nl	Netherlands
cm	Cameroon	no	Norway
cn	China	np	Nepal
co	Colombia	nz	New Zealand
cr	Costa Rica	om	Oman
cu	Cuba	pa	Panama
cv	Cape Verde	pe	Peru
cy	Cyprus	pg	Papua New Guinea
cz	Czech Republic	ph	Philippines
de	Germany	pk	Pakistan
dj	Djibouti	pl	Poland
dk	Denmark	pr	Puerto Rico
do	Dominican Republic	ps	Palestine, State of
dz	Algeria	pt	Portugal
ec	Ecuador	py	Paraguay
ee	Estonia	re	Reunion
eg	Egypt	ro	Romania
eh	Western Sahara	rs	Serbia
er	Eritrea	ru	Russian Federation
es	Spain	rw	Rwanda
et	Ethiopia	sa	Saudi Arabia
fi	Finland	sc	Seychelles
fr	France	sd	Sudan
ga	Gabon	se	Sweden
gb	United Kingdom	sg	Singapore
ge	Georgia	sh	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
gf	French Guiana	si	Slovenia
gh	Ghana	sk	Slovakia
gl	Greenland	sl	Sierra Leone
gm	Gambia	sm	San Marino
gn	Guinea	sn	Senegal
gq	Equatorial Guinea	so	Somalia
gr	Greece	sr	Suriname
gt	Guatemala	st	Sao Tome and Principe
gu	Guam	sv	El Salvador
gw	Guinea-Bissau	sy	Syrian Arab Republic
gy	Guyana	sz	Swaziland
hk	Hong Kong	td	Chad
hn	Honduras	tg	Togo
hr	Croatia	th	Thailand
ht	Haiti	tj	Tajikistan
hu	Hungary	tl	Timor-Leste
id	Indonesia	tm	Turkmenistan
ie	Ireland	tn	Tunisia
il	Israel	tr	Turkey
in	India	tw	Taiwan (Republic of China)
iq	Iraq	tz	Tanzania, United Republic of
ir	Iran, Islamic Republic of	ua	Ukraine
is	Iceland	ug	Uganda
it	Italy	us	United States
jm	Jamaica	uy	Uruguay
jo	Jordan	uz	Uzbekistan
jp	Japan	va	Holy See (Vatican City State)
ke	Kenya	ve	Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
kg	Kyrgyzstan	vn	Viet Nam
kh	Cambodia	ye	Yemen
kp	Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of	yt	Mayotte
kr	Korea, Republic of	za	South Africa
kw	Kuwait	zm	Zambia
kz	Kazakhstan	zw	Zimbabwe

洲代码列表

code	name
asia	Asia
europe	Europe
africa	Africa
north_america	North America
south_america	South America
oceania	Oceania
antartica	Antartica

END

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