一、动名词的简介
动名词既具有动词的性质,又具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。
1.动名词的动词性质表现在,它可以组成动名词短语,如:
My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.
我的工作是为老板安排日程。
I finished the project in a month by working overtime.
我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。
2.动名词的名词性质表现在,它可以在句中用作主语、宾语等,如:
Studying abroad can be a good experience.
留学是一种很好的经历。(作主语)做主语
I regret telling her the truth.
我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)
二、动名词的形式和特征
1.动名词的主动形式:doing
2.动名词的被动形式:being done
3.动名词的复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词
She suggested us forgiving him.
她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)
His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
他不懂英语,这给他带来许多麻烦。(作主语)
Our only worry is George's overestimating himself.
我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)
I strongly object to your delivering the speech.
我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)
三、动名词的用法
1.动名词作主语
Retelling stories is very useful.
复述故事是很有用的。
Her resigning surprises us.
她的辞职让我们很惊讶。
在一些句子中,常用it作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。
此类句型有:
It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing
sth.
It is no good crying.
哭没有好处。
It is no use fixing.
修也没有用。
It is great fun traveling.
旅行很有趣。
It is a waste of time playing computer games.
玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
It is + useless+ doing sth.
It is useless crying.
哭没有用。
2.动名词作表语
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
My idea is making a plan first.
我的想法是先做一个计划出来。
3.动名词作宾语
动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如:
I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.
我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)
I'm afraid of going to the dentist.
我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语)
4.动名词作定语
I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.
我想选个带游泳池的房子。
二.动名词做定语（附加）：
动名词作定语时，在句子中通常有两个位置：如果是单个的动名词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语;如果是动名词短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。
1.动名词作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。
He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。
They set up an operating table. 他们搭起一个手术台。
2.动名词作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。
There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。
Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁?
3.有些动名词已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。
That must be a terrifying experience. 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。
The experiment was an amazing success. 那实验是一个惊人的成功。
注意：如果动名词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，就要用它的被动式being done，通常表示正在被做，常作后置定语。
The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被修建的那建筑是我们的新学校。
That question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.
正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。
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