版权声明:未经本人允许严禁转载 https://blog.csdn.net/WanJiaBaoBao/article/details/84431638
环境说明
- 已关闭防火墙,selinux;
- 已用二进制安装mysql-5.7-22版本,mysql二进制安装详情请见mysql二进制安装;
- mysql主从已配置完成,配置详情可参照mysql主从配置;
- 所用服务器的IP地址、角色及安装内容如下表:
IP地址 | 角色 | 安装内容 |
---|---|---|
192.168.91.128 | proxysql中间件 | proxysql,mariadb-server、mariadb |
192.168.91.135 | master(主) | mysql-5.7.22 |
192.168.91.136 | slave(从) | mysql-5.7.22 |
原理图
配置步骤
- 在192.168.91.128主机上,安装mariadb-server、mariadb、proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
......
Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Dependency Updated:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
[root@localhost src]# wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v1.4.12/proxysql-1.4.12-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
Saving to: ‘proxysql-1.4.12-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm’
100%[=====================================================>] 5,986,336 1.20MB/s in 4.7s
2018-11-24 20:58:28 (1.20 MB/s) - ‘proxysql-1.4.12-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm’ saved [5986336/5986336]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh proxysql-1.4.12-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:proxysql-1.4.12-1 ################################# [100%]
- 在192.168.91.128上,启动proxysql,查看端口,并登录proxysql管理端,账户为admin,密码为admin,主机地址为127.0.0.1,端口为6032(我直接将账户和密码写入配置文件进行登录)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -ntlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:* users:(("proxysql",12358,23))
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",12358,22))
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",12358,21))
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",12358,20))
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",12358,19))
[root@localhost ~]# vim .my.cnf
[client]
user=admin
password='admin'
host='127.0.0.1'
port=6032
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改mysql登录提示符(临时生效)
[root@localhost ~]# export MYSQL_PS1="(\u@\h:\p) [\d]>"
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]>
- 在192.168.691.128上,Proxysql管理端添加后端连接mysql主从数据库的配置(注:执行load ···to runtime才能加载到RUNTIME中生效,执行save ··· to disk才能将配置持久化保存到磁盘)
MySQL [(none)]> show tables from main;
+--------------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| mysql_collations |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_query_rules |
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_servers |
| mysql_users |
| proxysql_servers |
| runtime_checksums_values |
| runtime_global_variables |
| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_servers |
| runtime_mysql_users |
| runtime_proxysql_servers |
| runtime_scheduler |
| scheduler |
+--------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,'192.168.91.135',3306,1,'Write Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,'192.168.91.136',3306,1,'Read Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| 1 | 192.168.91.135 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Write Group |
| 2 | 192.168.91.136 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Read Group |
+--------------+----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注:下面语句中没有先切换到 main 库也执行成功了,因为 ProxySQL 内部使用的 SQLite3 数据库引擎,和 MySQL 的解析方式是不一样的。即使执行了 USE main 语句也是无任何效果的,但不会报错。
- 在192.168.91.128上,将修改的配置加载到RUNTIME,并保存到disk
MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
注:使用 insert 语句添加 mysql 主机到 mysql_servers 表中,其中:hostgroup_id 1 表示写组,2表示读组
- 在192.168.91.135主机master(主)上,创建用户并授权
mysql> create user 'proxysql'@'192.168.91.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'proxysql'@'192.168.91.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 在 proxysql 主机的 mysql_users 表中添加刚才在 master 上创建的账号 proxysql,proxysql 客户端需要使用这个账号来访问数据库
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent) values('proxysql','123456',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_users \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
username: proxysql ##后端mysql实例的用户名
password: 123456 ##后端mysql实例密码
active: 1 ##active=1表示用户生效,0表示不生效
use_ssl: 0
default_hostgroup: 1 ##用户默认登录到哪个hostgroup_id下的实例
default_schema: NULL ##用户默认登录后端mysql实例时连接的数据库,这个地方为NULL的话,则由全局变量mysql-default_schema决定,默认是information_schema
schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1 ##如果设置为1,连接上ProxySQL的会话后,如果在一个hostgroup上开启了事务,那么后续的sql都继续维持在这个hostgroup上,不论是否会匹配上其它路由规则,直到事务结束。默认是0
fast_forward: 0 ##忽略查询重写/缓存层,直接把这个用户的请求透传到后端DB。相当于只用它的连接池功能,一般不用,路由规则 .* 就行了
backend: 1
frontend: 1
max_connections: 10000 ##该用户允许的最大连接数
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
添加健康检测账号
- 在192.168.91.135 master主机上,添加属于proxysql的只读账号
mysql> grant select on *.* to 'monitor'@'192.168.91.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 在192.168.91.128 proxysql主机上,修改变量设置健康检测的账号
MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password='123456';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;
Query OK, 97 rows affected (0.01 sec)
添加读写分离的路由规则
-
需求:
- 将 select 查询语句全部路由至 hostgroup_id=2 的组(也就是读组);
- 但是 select * from tb for update 这样的语句是会修改数据的,所以需要单独定义,将它路由至 hostgroup_id=1 的组(也就是写组);
- 其他没有被规则匹配到的组将会被路由至用户默认的组(mysql_users 表中的 default_hostgroup)。
-
在192.168.91.128主机上进行配置
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(2,1,'^SELECT',2,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | ^SELECT | 2 | 1 |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.00 sec)
验证读写分离
- 在192.168.91.128主机上,登录到proxysql客户端,账号为proxysql(mysql_users表中创建的),密码为123456,主机地址为127.0.0.1,端口为6033
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6033
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 修改数据库和查询
MySQL [(none)]> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> create database haha;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+--------------+
| user | host |
+---------------+--------------+
| monitor | 192.168.91.% |
| proxysql | 192.168.91.% |
| repl | 192.168.91.% |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 验证读写分离是否成功
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MySQL [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text | count_star | first_seen | last_seen | sum_time | min_time | max_time |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xEB4549A4A010C504 | create database haha | 1 | 1543077133 | 1543077133 | 2955 | 2955 | 2955 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x30327C1D25D51434 | create database test | 1 | 1543077129 | 1543077129 | 3646 | 3646 | 3646 |
| 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x0F02B330C823D739 | select user,host from mysql.user | 1 | 1543077152 | 1543077152 | 3506 | 3506 | 3506 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 1 | 1543077082 | 1543077082 | 5068 | 5068 | 5068 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 2 | 1543076519 | 1543076981 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注:从上面的 hostgroup 和 digest_text 值来看,所有的写操作都被路由至1组,读操作都被路由至2组,其中1组为写组,2组为读组!由此可见,读写分离成功!!!