深入学习java源码之String.concat()与String.substring()
常见代码块的作用与区别
局部代码块
作用在方法当中，作用是控制变量的生命周期：
在方法中，如果要缩短变量的寿命，可以使用
方法中，某段代码之后，都不再使用某个变量（这个变量有可能是一个很大的Map集合，很占内存），则可以将其定义到局部代码块中，及时结束其生命周期，释放空间！
在程序中当我们定义完成一个局部变量x之后，并且在接下来的代码中，不想再用到它时，那么就没必要让x在内存中继续占用空间。因此就有了局部代码块。
class Test{
int id;
String name;
void run(){
{
for(int i = 0;i < 3; i++){
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println("我是局部代码块,变量i出了局部代码块就没有任何作用");
}
System.out.println("我是普通函数");
}
}构造代码块
作用在类的定义Body中，作用是给类的部分字段统一初始化：
构造代码块与构造函数的区别是：构造代码块是给所有对象进行统一初始化，而构造函数是给对应的对象初始化，因为构造函数是可以多个的，运行哪个构造函数就会建立什么样的对象，但无论建立哪个对象，都会先执行相同的构造代码块。也就是说，构造代码块中定义的是不同对象共性的初始化内容。所以理所当然的，构造代码块在构造函数之前执行。
public class Apple {
private String size;
//构造代码块
{
System.out.println("构造代码块运行！");
size = "E";
}
} 构造代码块注意点：
1：java编译器编译java类时，会先将成员属性的声明放到类的前端
2：成员变量的初始化工作放到构造函数中
3：如果类中有构造代码块，java编译器在编译时会先将构造代码块中的代码移到构造函数中执行，
构造函数中原有的代码最后执行
4：成员属性的初始化和构造代码块的执行顺序是根据原码中的位置执行
静态代码块
作用有两个：
（1）给类的静态变量赋值；
（2）声明静态变量；
在java中使用static关键字声明的代码块。静态块用于初始化类，为类的属性初始化。每个静态代码块只会执行一次。 由于JVM在加载类时会执行静态代码块，所以静态代码块先于主方法执行。
作用在类的Body中，对类中的静态变量初始化：
public class APP {
static int x, y; // 静态变量
static {
x = 5; // 给静态变量x赋值
}
public static void myMethod() {
y = x++ + ++x; // x++ 先使用x的值再加1；++x先加1再使用x的值
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
x--; //4
myMethod();
System.out.println(x + y + ++x); //6+10+7
}
}
输出：23注意，如果静态代码块中的代码改为：
static {
int x = 5; // 声明一个静态变量
}则只是在声明静态变量，而且这个静态变量的作用域只在这个代码块中，而不是进行初始化，最后的输出结果是3。
注意：1 静态代码块不能存在于任何方法体内。2 静态代码块不能直接访问静态实例变量和实例方法，需要通过类的实例对象来访问。
跳出代码块
public class Test3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
flag1: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("外循环：" + i);
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println("内循环：" + j);
if ((i + j) == 9) {
break flag1;
}
}
}
}
}跳出代码块
public class Test4 {
private static Double salary=10000.0;
public static Double raiseSalary(String name) {
flag: {
if (name.equals("阿紫")) {
break flag;
} else {
salary += 999;
}
}
return salary;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Double postSalary1=raiseSalary("阿紫");
Double postSalary2=raiseSalary("阿朱");
System.out.println("阿紫菇凉调整后的工资："+postSalary1);
System.out.println("阿朱菇凉调整后的工资："+postSalary2);
}
}synchronized
synchronized是一个重量级锁，相对于Lock，它会显得那么笨重
synchronized可以保证方法或者代码块在运行时，同一时刻只有一个方法可以进入到临界区，同时它还可以保证共享变量的内存可见性
Java中每一个对象都可以作为锁，这是synchronized实现同步的基础：
1. 普通同步方法，锁是当前实例对象
2. 静态同步方法，锁是当前类的class对象
3. 同步方法块，锁是括号里面的对象
当一个线程访问同步代码块时，它首先是需要得到锁才能执行同步代码，当退出或者抛出异常时必须要释放锁，那么它是如何来实现这个机制的呢？
public void test2(){
synchronized (this){
}
}
同步代码块是使用monitorenter和monitorexit指令实现的，同步方法（在这看不出来需要看JVM底层实现）依靠的是方法修饰符上的ACC_SYNCHRONIZED实现。
同步代码块：monitorenter指令插入到同步代码块的开始位置，monitorexit指令插入到同步代码块的结束位置，JVM需要保证每一个monitorenter都有一个monitorexit与之相对应。任何对象都有一个monitor与之相关联，当且一个monitor被持有之后，他将处于锁定状态。线程执行到monitorenter指令时，将会尝试获取对象所对应的monitor所有权，即尝试获取对象的锁；
同步方法：synchronized方法则会被翻译成普通的方法调用和返回指令如:invokevirtual、areturn指令，在VM字节码层面并没有任何特别的指令来实现被synchronized修饰的方法，而是在Class文件的方法表中将该方法的access_flags字段中的synchronized标志位置1，表示该方法是同步方法并使用调用该方法的对象或该方法所属的Class在JVM的内部对象表示Klass做为锁对象。
public class SynchronizedTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
synchronized (SynchronizedTest.class) {
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
public synchronized void test(){
}
}当执行monitorenter指令时，当前线程将试图获取 objectref(即对象锁) 所对应的 monitor 的持有权，当 objectref 的 monitor 的进入计数器为 0，那线程可以成功取得 monitor，并将计数器值设置为 1，取锁成功。如果当前线程已经拥有 objectref 的 monitor 的持有权，那它可以重入这个 monitor ，重入时计数器的值也会加 1。倘若其他线程已经拥有 objectref 的 monitor 的所有权，那当前线程将被阻塞，直到正在执行线程执行完毕，即monitorexit指令被执行，执行线程将释放 monitor(锁)并设置计数器值为0 ，其他线程将有机会持有 monitor 。值得注意的是编译器将会确保无论方法通过何种方式完成，方法中调用过的每条 monitorenter 指令都有执行其对应 monitorexit 指令，而无论这个方法是正常结束还是异常结束。为了保证在方法异常完成时 monitorenter 和 monitorexit 指令依然可以正确配对执行，编译器会自动产生一个异常处理器，这个异常处理器声明可处理所有的异常，它的目的就是用来执行 monitorexit 指令。所以看到上面有两条 monitorexit ！
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
char |
charAt(int index) 返回 |
int |
codePointAt(int index) 返回指定索引处的字符（Unicode代码点）。 |
int |
codePointBefore(int index) 返回指定索引之前的字符（Unicode代码点）。 |
int |
codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 返回此 |
int |
compareTo(String anotherString) 按字典顺序比较两个字符串。 |
int |
compareToIgnoreCase(String str) 按字典顺序比较两个字符串，忽略病例差异。 |
String |
concat(String str) 将指定的字符串连接到该字符串的末尾。 |
boolean |
contains(CharSequence s) 当且仅当此字符串包含指定的char值序列时才返回true。 |
boolean |
contentEquals(CharSequence cs) 将此字符串与指定的CharSequence进行 |
boolean |
contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) 将此字符串与指定的StringBuffer进行 |
static String |
copyValueOf(char[] data) 相当于 |
static String |
copyValueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) |
boolean |
endsWith(String suffix) 测试此字符串是否以指定的后缀结尾。 |
boolean |
equals(Object anObject) 将此字符串与指定对象进行比较。 |
boolean |
equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) 将此 |
static String |
format(Locale l, String format, Object... args) 使用指定的区域设置，格式字符串和参数返回格式化的字符串。 |
static String |
format(String format, Object... args) 使用指定的格式字符串和参数返回格式化的字符串。 |
byte[] |
getBytes() 使用平台的默认字符集将此 |
byte[] |
getBytes(Charset charset) 使用给定的charset将该 |
void |
getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin)已弃用 此方法无法将字符正确转换为字节。 从JDK 1.1开始，首选的方法是通过 |
byte[] |
getBytes(String charsetName) 使用命名的字符集将此 |
void |
getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) 将此字符串中的字符复制到目标字符数组中。 |
int |
hashCode() 返回此字符串的哈希码。 |
int |
indexOf(int ch) 返回指定字符第一次出现的字符串内的索引。 |
int |
indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) 返回指定字符第一次出现的字符串内的索引，以指定的索引开始搜索。 |
int |
indexOf(String str) 返回指定子字符串第一次出现的字符串内的索引。 |
int |
indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 返回指定子串的第一次出现的字符串中的索引，从指定的索引开始。 |
String |
intern() 返回字符串对象的规范表示。 |
boolean |
isEmpty() 返回 |
static String |
join(CharSequence delimiter, CharSequence... elements) 返回一个新的字符串，由 |
static String |
join(CharSequence delimiter, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> elements) 返回一个新 |
int |
lastIndexOf(int ch) 返回指定字符的最后一次出现的字符串中的索引。 |
int |
lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) 返回指定字符的最后一次出现的字符串中的索引，从指定的索引开始向后搜索。 |
int |
lastIndexOf(String str) 返回指定子字符串最后一次出现的字符串中的索引。 |
int |
lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 返回指定子字符串的最后一次出现的字符串中的索引，从指定索引开始向后搜索。 |
int |
length() 返回此字符串的长度。 |
boolean |
matches(String regex) 告诉这个字符串是否匹配给定的 regular expression 。 |
int |
offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) 返回此 |
boolean |
regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) 测试两个字符串区域是否相等。 |
boolean |
regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) 测试两个字符串区域是否相等。 |
String |
replace(char oldChar, char newChar) 返回从替换所有出现的导致一个字符串 |
String |
replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) 将与字面目标序列匹配的字符串的每个子字符串替换为指定的字面替换序列。 |
String |
replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) 用给定的替换替换与给定的 regular expression匹配的此字符串的每个子字符串。 |
String |
replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) 用给定的替换替换与给定的 regular expression匹配的此字符串的第一个子字符串。 |
String[] |
split(String regex) 将此字符串分割为给定的 regular expression的匹配。 |
String[] |
split(String regex, int limit) 将这个字符串拆分为给定的 regular expression的匹配。 |
boolean |
startsWith(String prefix) 测试此字符串是否以指定的前缀开头。 |
boolean |
startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) 测试在指定索引处开始的此字符串的子字符串是否以指定的前缀开头。 |
CharSequence |
subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 返回一个字符序列，该序列是该序列的子序列。 |
String |
substring(int beginIndex) 返回一个字符串，该字符串是此字符串的子字符串。 |
String |
substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 返回一个字符串，该字符串是此字符串的子字符串。 |
char[] |
toCharArray() 将此字符串转换为新的字符数组。 |
String |
toLowerCase() 将所有在此字符 |
String |
toLowerCase(Locale locale) 将所有在此字符 |
String |
toString() 此对象（已经是字符串！）本身已被返回。 |
String |
toUpperCase() 将所有在此字符 |
String |
toUpperCase(Locale locale) 将所有在此字符 |
String |
trim() 返回一个字符串，其值为此字符串，并删除任何前导和尾随空格。 |
static String |
valueOf(boolean b) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(char c) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(char[] data) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(double d) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(float f) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(int i) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(long l) 返回 |
static String |
valueOf(Object obj) 返回 |
java源码
package java.lang;
import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.StringJoiner;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
/** The value is used for character storage. */
private final char value[];
/** Cache the hash code for the string */
private int hash; // Default to 0
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
new ObjectStreamField[0];
public String() {
this.value = "".value;
}
public String(String original) {
this.value = original.value;
this.hash = original.hash;
}
public String(char value[]) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);
}
public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
if (offset < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
}
if (count <= 0) {
if (count < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
}
if (offset <= value.length) {
this.value = "".value;
return;
}
}
// Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
if (offset > value.length - count) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
}
this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
}
public String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count) {
if (offset < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
}
if (count <= 0) {
if (count < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
}
if (offset <= codePoints.length) {
this.value = "".value;
return;
}
}
// Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
if (offset > codePoints.length - count) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
}
final int end = offset + count;
// Pass 1: Compute precise size of char[]
int n = count;
for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
int c = codePoints[i];
if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
continue;
else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c))
n++;
else throw new IllegalArgumentException(Integer.toString(c));
}
// Pass 2: Allocate and fill in char[]
final char[] v = new char[n];
for (int i = offset, j = 0; i < end; i++, j++) {
int c = codePoints[i];
if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
v[j] = (char)c;
else
Character.toSurrogates(c, v, j++);
}
this.value = v;
}
@Deprecated
public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte, int offset, int count) {
checkBounds(ascii, offset, count);
char value[] = new char[count];
if (hibyte == 0) {
for (int i = count; i-- > 0;) {
value[i] = (char)(ascii[i + offset] & 0xff);
}
} else {
hibyte <<= 8;
for (int i = count; i-- > 0;) {
value[i] = (char)(hibyte | (ascii[i + offset] & 0xff));
}
}
this.value = value;
}
@Deprecated
public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte) {
this(ascii, hibyte, 0, ascii.length);
}
private static void checkBounds(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
if (length < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(length);
if (offset < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
if (offset > bytes.length - length)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + length);
}
public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, String charsetName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (charsetName == null)
throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);
this.value = StringCoding.decode(charsetName, bytes, offset, length);
}
public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, Charset charset) {
if (charset == null)
throw new NullPointerException("charset");
checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);
this.value = StringCoding.decode(charset, bytes, offset, length);
}
public String(byte bytes[], String charsetName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
this(bytes, 0, bytes.length, charsetName);
}
public String(byte bytes[], Charset charset) {
this(bytes, 0, bytes.length, charset);
}
public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length) {
checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);
this.value = StringCoding.decode(bytes, offset, length);
}
public String(byte bytes[]) {
this(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
public String(StringBuffer buffer) {
synchronized(buffer) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(buffer.getValue(), buffer.length());
}
}
public String(StringBuilder builder) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(builder.getValue(), builder.length());
}
String(char[] value, boolean share) {
// assert share : "unshared not supported";
this.value = value;
}
public int length() {
return value.length;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return value.length == 0;
}
public char charAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return value[index];
}
public int codePointAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointAtImpl(value, index, value.length);
}
public int codePointBefore(int index) {
int i = index - 1;
if ((i < 0) || (i >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointBeforeImpl(value, index, 0);
}
public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex > value.length || beginIndex > endIndex) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
return Character.codePointCountImpl(value, beginIndex, endIndex - beginIndex);
}
public int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) {
if (index < 0 || index > value.length) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
return Character.offsetByCodePointsImpl(value, 0, value.length,
index, codePointOffset);
}
void getChars(char dst[], int dstBegin) {
System.arraycopy(value, 0, dst, dstBegin, value.length);
}
public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char dst[], int dstBegin) {
if (srcBegin < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin);
}
if (srcEnd > value.length) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd);
}
if (srcBegin > srcEnd) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd - srcBegin);
}
System.arraycopy(value, srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin);
}
@Deprecated
public void getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte dst[], int dstBegin) {
if (srcBegin < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin);
}
if (srcEnd > value.length) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd);
}
if (srcBegin > srcEnd) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd - srcBegin);
}
Objects.requireNonNull(dst);
int j = dstBegin;
int n = srcEnd;
int i = srcBegin;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while (i < n) {
dst[j++] = (byte)val[i++];
}
}
public byte[] getBytes(String charsetName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (charsetName == null) throw new NullPointerException();
return StringCoding.encode(charsetName, value, 0, value.length);
}
public byte[] getBytes(Charset charset) {
if (charset == null) throw new NullPointerException();
return StringCoding.encode(charset, value, 0, value.length);
}
public byte[] getBytes() {
return StringCoding.encode(value, 0, value.length);
}
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String)anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public boolean contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) {
return contentEquals((CharSequence)sb);
}
private boolean nonSyncContentEquals(AbstractStringBuilder sb) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = sb.getValue();
int n = v1.length;
if (n != sb.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public boolean contentEquals(CharSequence cs) {
// Argument is a StringBuffer, StringBuilder
if (cs instanceof AbstractStringBuilder) {
if (cs instanceof StringBuffer) {
synchronized(cs) {
return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
}
} else {
return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
}
}
// Argument is a String
if (cs instanceof String) {
return equals(cs);
}
// Argument is a generic CharSequence
char v1[] = value;
int n = v1.length;
if (n != cs.length()) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (v1[i] != cs.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
return (this == anotherString) ? true
: (anotherString != null)
&& (anotherString.value.length == value.length)
&& regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, value.length);
}
public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
int len1 = value.length;
int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int k = 0;
while (k < lim) {
char c1 = v1[k];
char c2 = v2[k];
if (c1 != c2) {
return c1 - c2;
}
k++;
}
return len1 - len2;
}
public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
= new CaseInsensitiveComparator();
private static class CaseInsensitiveComparator
implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable {
// use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8575799808933029326L;
public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
int n1 = s1.length();
int n2 = s2.length();
int min = Math.min(n1, n2);
for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
// No overflow because of numeric promotion
return c1 - c2;
}
}
}
}
return n1 - n2;
}
/** Replaces the de-serialized object. */
private Object readResolve() { return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER; }
}
public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str) {
return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER.compare(this, str);
}
public boolean regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset,
int len) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = other.value;
int po = ooffset;
// Note: toffset, ooffset, or len might be near -1>>>1.
if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0)
|| (toffset > (long)value.length - len)
|| (ooffset > (long)other.value.length - len)) {
return false;
}
while (len-- > 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset,
String other, int ooffset, int len) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = other.value;
int po = ooffset;
// Note: toffset, ooffset, or len might be near -1>>>1.
if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0)
|| (toffset > (long)value.length - len)
|| (ooffset > (long)other.value.length - len)) {
return false;
}
while (len-- > 0) {
char c1 = ta[to++];
char c2 = pa[po++];
if (c1 == c2) {
continue;
}
if (ignoreCase) {
// If characters don't match but case may be ignored,
// try converting both characters to uppercase.
// If the results match, then the comparison scan should
// continue.
char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (u1 == u2) {
continue;
}
// Unfortunately, conversion to uppercase does not work properly
// for the Georgian alphabet, which has strange rules about case
// conversion. So we need to make one last check before
// exiting.
if (Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2)) {
continue;
}
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = prefix.value;
int po = 0;
int pc = prefix.value.length;
// Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1.
if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > value.length - pc)) {
return false;
}
while (--pc >= 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
return startsWith(prefix, 0);
}
public boolean endsWith(String suffix) {
return startsWith(suffix, value.length - suffix.value.length);
}
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
char val[] = value;
for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
h = 31 * h + val[i];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
public int indexOf(int ch) {
return indexOf(ch, 0);
}
public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {
final int max = value.length;
if (fromIndex < 0) {
fromIndex = 0;
} else if (fromIndex >= max) {
// Note: fromIndex might be near -1>>>1.
return -1;
}
if (ch < Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {
// handle most cases here (ch is a BMP code point or a
// negative value (invalid code point))
final char[] value = this.value;
for (int i = fromIndex; i < max; i++) {
if (value[i] == ch) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
} else {
return indexOfSupplementary(ch, fromIndex);
}
}
private int indexOfSupplementary(int ch, int fromIndex) {
if (Character.isValidCodePoint(ch)) {
final char[] value = this.value;
final char hi = Character.highSurrogate(ch);
final char lo = Character.lowSurrogate(ch);
final int max = value.length - 1;
for (int i = fromIndex; i < max; i++) {
if (value[i] == hi && value[i + 1] == lo) {
return i;
}
}
}
return -1;
}
public int lastIndexOf(int ch) {
return lastIndexOf(ch, value.length - 1);
}
public int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {
if (ch < Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {
// handle most cases here (ch is a BMP code point or a
// negative value (invalid code point))
final char[] value = this.value;
int i = Math.min(fromIndex, value.length - 1);
for (; i >= 0; i--) {
if (value[i] == ch) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
} else {
return lastIndexOfSupplementary(ch, fromIndex);
}
}
private int lastIndexOfSupplementary(int ch, int fromIndex) {
if (Character.isValidCodePoint(ch)) {
final char[] value = this.value;
char hi = Character.highSurrogate(ch);
char lo = Character.lowSurrogate(ch);
int i = Math.min(fromIndex, value.length - 2);
for (; i >= 0; i--) {
if (value[i] == hi && value[i + 1] == lo) {
return i;
}
}
}
return -1;
}
public int indexOf(String str) {
return indexOf(str, 0);
}
public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return indexOf(value, 0, value.length,
str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
}
static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
String target, int fromIndex) {
return indexOf(source, sourceOffset, sourceCount,
target.value, 0, target.value.length,
fromIndex);
}
static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
int fromIndex) {
if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
}
if (fromIndex < 0) {
fromIndex = 0;
}
if (targetCount == 0) {
return fromIndex;
}
char first = target[targetOffset];
int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);
for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
/* Look for first character. */
if (source[i] != first) {
while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);
}
/* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
if (i <= max) {
int j = i + 1;
int end = j + targetCount - 1;
for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j]
== target[k]; j++, k++);
if (j == end) {
/* Found whole string. */
return i - sourceOffset;
}
}
}
return -1;
}
public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
return lastIndexOf(str, value.length);
}
public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
return lastIndexOf(value, 0, value.length,
str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
}
static int lastIndexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
String target, int fromIndex) {
return lastIndexOf(source, sourceOffset, sourceCount,
target.value, 0, target.value.length,
fromIndex);
}
static int lastIndexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
int fromIndex) {
/*
* Check arguments; return immediately where possible. For
* consistency, don't check for null str.
*/
int rightIndex = sourceCount - targetCount;
if (fromIndex < 0) {
return -1;
}
if (fromIndex > rightIndex) {
fromIndex = rightIndex;
}
/* Empty string always matches. */
if (targetCount == 0) {
return fromIndex;
}
int strLastIndex = targetOffset + targetCount - 1;
char strLastChar = target[strLastIndex];
int min = sourceOffset + targetCount - 1;
int i = min + fromIndex;
startSearchForLastChar:
while (true) {
while (i >= min && source[i] != strLastChar) {
i--;
}
if (i < min) {
return -1;
}
int j = i - 1;
int start = j - (targetCount - 1);
int k = strLastIndex - 1;
while (j > start) {
if (source[j--] != target[k--]) {
i--;
continue startSearchForLastChar;
}
}
return start - sourceOffset + 1;
}
}
public String substring(int beginIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
}
int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;
if (subLen < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
}
return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}
public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
}
if (endIndex > value.length) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
}
int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex;
if (subLen < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
}
return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this
: new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}
public CharSequence subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
return this.substring(beginIndex, endIndex);
}
public String concat(String str) {
int otherLen = str.length();
if (otherLen == 0) {
return this;
}
int len = value.length;
char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);
str.getChars(buf, len);
return new String(buf, true);
}
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
if (oldChar != newChar) {
int len = value.length;
int i = -1;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while (++i < len) {
if (val[i] == oldChar) {
break;
}
}
if (i < len) {
char buf[] = new char[len];
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
buf[j] = val[j];
}
while (i < len) {
char c = val[i];
buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
i++;
}
return new String(buf, true);
}
}
return this;
}
public boolean matches(String regex) {
return Pattern.matches(regex, this);
}
public boolean contains(CharSequence s) {
return indexOf(s.toString()) > -1;
}
public String replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) {
return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceFirst(replacement);
}
public String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) {
return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement);
}
public String replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) {
return Pattern.compile(target.toString(), Pattern.LITERAL).matcher(
this).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(replacement.toString()));
}
public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
/* fastpath if the regex is a
(1)one-char String and this character is not one of the
RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or
(2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and
the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.
*/
char ch = 0;
if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
(regex.length() == 2 &&
regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
(((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
(ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
{
int off = 0;
int next = 0;
boolean limited = limit > 0;
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
list.add(substring(off, next));
off = next + 1;
} else { // last one
//assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
off = value.length;
break;
}
}
// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
return new String[]{this};
// Add remaining segment
if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
// Construct result
int resultSize = list.size();
if (limit == 0) {
while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
resultSize--;
}
}
String[] result = new String[resultSize];
return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
}
return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
}
public String[] split(String regex) {
return split(regex, 0);
}
public static String join(CharSequence delimiter, CharSequence... elements) {
Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter);
Objects.requireNonNull(elements);
// Number of elements not likely worth Arrays.stream overhead.
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(delimiter);
for (CharSequence cs: elements) {
joiner.add(cs);
}
return joiner.toString();
}
public static String join(CharSequence delimiter,
Iterable<? extends CharSequence> elements) {
Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter);
Objects.requireNonNull(elements);
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(delimiter);
for (CharSequence cs: elements) {
joiner.add(cs);
}
return joiner.toString();
}
public String toLowerCase(Locale locale) {
if (locale == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
int firstUpper;
final int len = value.length;
/* Now check if there are any characters that need to be changed. */
scan: {
for (firstUpper = 0 ; firstUpper < len; ) {
char c = value[firstUpper];
if ((c >= Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE)
&& (c <= Character.MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE)) {
int supplChar = codePointAt(firstUpper);
if (supplChar != Character.toLowerCase(supplChar)) {
break scan;
}
firstUpper += Character.charCount(supplChar);
} else {
if (c != Character.toLowerCase(c)) {
break scan;
}
firstUpper++;
}
}
return this;
}
char[] result = new char[len];
int resultOffset = 0; /* result may grow, so i+resultOffset
* is the write location in result */
/* Just copy the first few lowerCase characters. */
System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, firstUpper);
String lang = locale.getLanguage();
boolean localeDependent =
(lang == "tr" || lang == "az" || lang == "lt");
char[] lowerCharArray;
int lowerChar;
int srcChar;
int srcCount;
for (int i = firstUpper; i < len; i += srcCount) {
srcChar = (int)value[i];
if ((char)srcChar >= Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
&& (char)srcChar <= Character.MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE) {
srcChar = codePointAt(i);
srcCount = Character.charCount(srcChar);
} else {
srcCount = 1;
}
if (localeDependent ||
srcChar == '\u03A3' || // GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA
srcChar == '\u0130') { // LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE
lowerChar = ConditionalSpecialCasing.toLowerCaseEx(this, i, locale);
} else {
lowerChar = Character.toLowerCase(srcChar);
}
if ((lowerChar == Character.ERROR)
|| (lowerChar >= Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT)) {
if (lowerChar == Character.ERROR) {
lowerCharArray =
ConditionalSpecialCasing.toLowerCaseCharArray(this, i, locale);
} else if (srcCount == 2) {
resultOffset += Character.toChars(lowerChar, result, i + resultOffset) - srcCount;
continue;
} else {
lowerCharArray = Character.toChars(lowerChar);
}
/* Grow result if needed */
int mapLen = lowerCharArray.length;
if (mapLen > srcCount) {
char[] result2 = new char[result.length + mapLen - srcCount];
System.arraycopy(result, 0, result2, 0, i + resultOffset);
result = result2;
}
for (int x = 0; x < mapLen; ++x) {
result[i + resultOffset + x] = lowerCharArray[x];
}
resultOffset += (mapLen - srcCount);
} else {
result[i + resultOffset] = (char)lowerChar;
}
}
return new String(result, 0, len + resultOffset);
}
public String toLowerCase() {
return toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault());
}
public String toUpperCase(Locale locale) {
if (locale == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
int firstLower;
final int len = value.length;
/* Now check if there are any characters that need to be changed. */
scan: {
for (firstLower = 0 ; firstLower < len; ) {
int c = (int)value[firstLower];
int srcCount;
if ((c >= Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE)
&& (c <= Character.MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE)) {
c = codePointAt(firstLower);
srcCount = Character.charCount(c);
} else {
srcCount = 1;
}
int upperCaseChar = Character.toUpperCaseEx(c);
if ((upperCaseChar == Character.ERROR)
|| (c != upperCaseChar)) {
break scan;
}
firstLower += srcCount;
}
return this;
}
/* result may grow, so i+resultOffset is the write location in result */
int resultOffset = 0;
char[] result = new char[len]; /* may grow */
/* Just copy the first few upperCase characters. */
System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, firstLower);
String lang = locale.getLanguage();
boolean localeDependent =
(lang == "tr" || lang == "az" || lang == "lt");
char[] upperCharArray;
int upperChar;
int srcChar;
int srcCount;
for (int i = firstLower; i < len; i += srcCount) {
srcChar = (int)value[i];
if ((char)srcChar >= Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE &&
(char)srcChar <= Character.MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE) {
srcChar = codePointAt(i);
srcCount = Character.charCount(srcChar);
} else {
srcCount = 1;
}
if (localeDependent) {
upperChar = ConditionalSpecialCasing.toUpperCaseEx(this, i, locale);
} else {
upperChar = Character.toUpperCaseEx(srcChar);
}
if ((upperChar == Character.ERROR)
|| (upperChar >= Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT)) {
if (upperChar == Character.ERROR) {
if (localeDependent) {
upperCharArray =
ConditionalSpecialCasing.toUpperCaseCharArray(this, i, locale);
} else {
upperCharArray = Character.toUpperCaseCharArray(srcChar);
}
} else if (srcCount == 2) {
resultOffset += Character.toChars(upperChar, result, i + resultOffset) - srcCount;
continue;
} else {
upperCharArray = Character.toChars(upperChar);
}
/* Grow result if needed */
int mapLen = upperCharArray.length;
if (mapLen > srcCount) {
char[] result2 = new char[result.length + mapLen - srcCount];
System.arraycopy(result, 0, result2, 0, i + resultOffset);
result = result2;
}
for (int x = 0; x < mapLen; ++x) {
result[i + resultOffset + x] = upperCharArray[x];
}
resultOffset += (mapLen - srcCount);
} else {
result[i + resultOffset] = (char)upperChar;
}
}
return new String(result, 0, len + resultOffset);
}
public String toUpperCase() {
return toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault());
}
public String trim() {
int len = value.length;
int st = 0;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
st++;
}
while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
len--;
}
return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
}
public String toString() {
return this;
}
public char[] toCharArray() {
// Cannot use Arrays.copyOf because of class initialization order issues
char result[] = new char[value.length];
System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, value.length);
return result;
}
public static String format(String format, Object... args) {
return new Formatter().format(format, args).toString();
}
public static String format(Locale l, String format, Object... args) {
return new Formatter(l).format(format, args).toString();
}
public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
}
public static String valueOf(char data[]) {
return new String(data);
}
public static String valueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
return new String(data, offset, count);
}
public static String copyValueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
return new String(data, offset, count);
}
public static String copyValueOf(char data[]) {
return new String(data);
}
public static String valueOf(boolean b) {
return b ? "true" : "false";
}
public static String valueOf(char c) {
char data[] = {c};
return new String(data, true);
}
public static String valueOf(int i) {
return Integer.toString(i);
}
public static String valueOf(long l) {
return Long.toString(l);
}
public static String valueOf(float f) {
return Float.toString(f);
}
public static String valueOf(double d) {
return Double.toString(d);
}
public native String intern();
}