easy
20. Valid Parentheses
Given a string containing just the characters ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘{’, ‘}’, ‘[’
and ‘]’, determine if the input string is valid.An input string is valid if:
Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets. Open
brackets must be closed in the correct order. Note that an empty
string is also considered valid.Example 1:
Input: “()” Output: true
Example 2:
Input: “()[]{}” Output: true
Example 3:
Input: “(]” Output: false
Example 4:
Input: “([)]” Output: false
Example 5:
Input: “{[]}” Output: true
Short java solution:
class Solution {
public boolean isValid(String s) {
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
if (c == '(')
stack.push(')');
else if (c == '{')
stack.push('}');
else if (c == '[')
stack.push(']');
else if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != c)
return false;
}
return stack.isEmpty();
}
}
medium
3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
11-line simple Java solution, O(n) with explanation：
the basic idea is, keep a hashmap which stores the characters in string as keys and their positions as values, and keep two pointers which define the max substring. move the right pointer to scan through the string , and meanwhile update the hashmap. If the character is already in the hashmap, then move the left pointer to the right of the same character last found. Note that the two pointers can only move forward.
class Solution {
public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
if (s.length()==0) return 0;
HashMap<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
int max=0;
for (int i=0, j=0; i<s.length(); ++i){
if (map.containsKey(s.charAt(i))){
j = Math.max(j,map.get(s.charAt(i))+1);
}
map.put(s.charAt(i),i);
max = Math.max(max,i-j+1);
}
return max;
}
}
5. Longest Palindromic Substring
Given a string s, find the longest palindromic substring in s. You may assume that the maximum length of s is 1000.
Very simple clean java solution:
The performance is pretty good, surprisingly.
public class Solution {
private int lo, maxLen;
public String longestPalindrome(String s) {
int len = s.length();
if (len < 2)
return s;
for (int i = 0; i < len-1; i++) {
extendPalindrome(s, i, i); //assume odd length, try to extend Palindrome as possible
extendPalindrome(s, i, i+1); //assume even length.
}
return s.substring(lo, lo + maxLen);
}
private void extendPalindrome(String s, int j, int k) {
while (j >= 0 && k < s.length() && s.charAt(j) == s.charAt(k)) {
j--;
k++;
}
if (maxLen < k - j - 1) {
lo = j + 1;
maxLen = k - j - 1;
}
}
}
17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number
Given a string containing digits from 2-9 inclusive, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.
A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below. Note that 1 does not map to any letters.
Note:
Although the above answer is in lexicographical order, your answer could be in any order you want.
class Solution {
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
LinkedList<String> ans = new LinkedList<String>();
if(digits.isEmpty()) return ans;
String[] mapping = new String[] {"0", "1", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz"};
ans.add("");
for(int i =0; i<digits.length();i++){
int x = Character.getNumericValue(digits.charAt(i));
while(ans.peek().length()==i){
String t = ans.remove();
for(char s : mapping[x].toCharArray())
ans.add(t+s);
}
}
return ans;
}
}
22. Generate Parentheses
Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
Easy to understand Java backtracking solution:
class Solution {
public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
backtrack(list, "", 0, 0, n);
return list;
}
public void backtrack(List<String> list, String str, int open, int close, int max){
if(str.length() == max*2){
list.add(str);
return;
}
if(open < max)
backtrack(list, str+"(", open+1, close, max);
if(close < open)
backtrack(list, str+")", open, close+1, max);
}
}
The idea here is to only add ‘(’ and ‘)’ that we know will guarantee us a solution (instead of adding 1 too many close). Once we add a ‘(’ we will then discard it and try a ‘)’ which can only close a valid ‘(’. Each of these steps are recursively called.
49. Group Anagrams
Given an array of strings, group anagrams together.
Note:
All inputs will be in lowercase.
The order of your output does not matter.
public class Solution {
public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return new ArrayList<List<String>>();
Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
for (String s : strs) {
char[] ca = s.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(ca);
String keyStr = String.valueOf(ca);
if (!map.containsKey(keyStr)) map.put(keyStr, new ArrayList<String>());
map.get(keyStr).add(s);
}
return new ArrayList<List<String>>(map.values());
}
}
647. Palindromic Substrings
Given a string, your task is to count how many palindromic substrings in this string.
The substrings with different start indexes or end indexes are counted as different substrings even they consist of same characters.
Note:
The input string length won’t exceed 1000.
Java solution, 8 lines, extendPalindrome:
Idea is start from each index and try to extend palindrome for both odd and even length.
public class Solution {
int count = 0;
public int countSubstrings(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { // i is the mid point
extendPalindrome(s, i, i); // odd length;
extendPalindrome(s, i, i + 1); // even length
}
return count;
}
private void extendPalindrome(String s, int left, int right) {
while (left >=0 && right < s.length() && s.charAt(left) == s.charAt(right)) {
count++; left--; right++;
}
}
}