iOS 压缩图片

图片的压缩有两种方法

1. 压缩图片质量(Quality)（像素数不变，长宽尺寸不变）

NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
UIImage *resultImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];

UIImageJPEGRepresentation:: 第二个参数 compression 取值 0.0~1.0，值越小表示图片质量越低，图片文件自然越小

适用于对图片清晰度要求不高，要求图片的上传、下载速度快。

+ (UIImage *)compressImageQuality:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSInteger)maxLength {
    CGFloat compression = 1;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
    if (data.length < maxLength) return image;
    CGFloat max = 1;
    CGFloat min = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        compression = (max + min) / 2;
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
        if (data.length < maxLength * 0.9) {
            min = compression;
        } else if (data.length > maxLength) {
            max = compression;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    UIImage *resultImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    return resultImage;
}

注意!!!
当图片质量低于一定程度时，继续压缩没有效果。
也就是说，compression 继续减小，data 也不再继续减小。
优点：尽可能保留图片清晰度，图片不会明显模糊；
缺点：不能保证图片压缩后小于指定大小

2. 压缩图片尺寸(Size)（像素数减少，长宽尺寸变小）

UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
[image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

size为 指定的图片尺寸 ，resultImage 为原图 image 绘制成 size 大小后的图片

+ (UIImage *)compressImageSize:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSUInteger)maxLength {
    UIImage *resultImage = image;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, 1);
    NSUInteger lastDataLength = 0;
    while (data.length > maxLength && data.length != lastDataLength) {
        lastDataLength = data.length;
        CGFloat ratio = (CGFloat)maxLength / data.length;
      //每次绘制的尺寸 size，要把宽 width 和 高 height 转换为整数，防止绘制出的图片有白边
        CGSize size = CGSizeMake((NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.width * sqrtf(ratio)),
                                 (NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.height * sqrtf(ratio))); // Use NSUInteger to prevent white blank
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
        // Use image to draw (drawInRect:), image is larger but more compression time
        // Use result image to draw, image is smaller but less compression time
        [resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, 1);
    }
    return resultImage;
}

特点：可以使图片小于指定大小，但会使图片明显模糊

两种图片压缩方法结合

如果要保证图片清晰度，建议选择压缩图片质量。如果要使图片一定小于指定大小，压缩图片尺寸可以满足。对于后一种需求，还可以先压缩图片质量，如果已经小于指定大小，就可得到清晰的图片，否则再压缩图片尺寸。

+ (UIImage *)compressImage:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSUInteger)maxLength {
    // Compress by quality
    CGFloat compression = 1;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
    if (data.length < maxLength) return image;
    
    CGFloat max = 1;
    CGFloat min = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        compression = (max + min) / 2;
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
        if (data.length < maxLength * 0.9) {
            min = compression;
        } else if (data.length > maxLength) {
            max = compression;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    UIImage *resultImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    if (data.length < maxLength) return resultImage;
    
    // Compress by size
    NSUInteger lastDataLength = 0;
    while (data.length > maxLength && data.length != lastDataLength) {
        lastDataLength = data.length;
        CGFloat ratio = (CGFloat)maxLength / data.length;
        CGSize size = CGSizeMake((NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.width * sqrtf(ratio)),
                                 (NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.height * sqrtf(ratio))); // Use NSUInteger to prevent white blank
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
        [resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, compression);
    }
    
    return resultImage;
}

参考
参考