配置 Nginx
先来看一个实际的配置文件：
user root;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr|||$remote_user|||$time_local|||$request_uri'
'|||$status|||$body_bytes_sent|||$http_referer'
'|||$http_user_agent|||$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log off;
#access_log logs/access.log;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/nginxlog/access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
nginx 日志相关指令主要有两条，
log_format，用来设置日志格式，
access_log，用来指定日志文件的存放路径、格式和缓存大小
1、log_format 格式
log_format name（ 格式名字） 格式样式（即想要得到什么样的日志内容）
默认的示例：
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_s ent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'
注释：
$remote_addr 与$http_x_forwarded_for 用以记录客户端的ip地址；
$remote_user ：用来记录客户端用户名称；
$time_local ： 用来记录访问时间与时区；
$request ： 用来记录请求的url与http协议；
$request_uri: /stat.php?id=1585378&web_id=1585378
$uri /stat.php
$document_uri: /stat.php
$status ： 用来记录请求状态；成功是200，
$body_bytes_s ent ：记录发送给客户端文件主体内容大小；
$http_referer ：用来记录从那个页面链接访问过来的；
$http_user_agent ：记录客户毒啊浏览器的相关信息；
通常web服务器放在反向代理的后面，这样就不能获取到客户的IP地址了，通过$remote_add拿到的IP地址是反向代理服务器的iP地址。反向代理服务器在转发请求的http头信息中，可以增加x_forwarded_for信息，用以记录原有客户端的IP地址和原来客户端的请求的服务器地址；
log_format mylogformat ' $http_x_forwarded_for- $remote_user [$time_local] '
' "$request" '$status $body_bytes_s ent '
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ';
2、用access_log指令日志文件存放路径；
用了log_format 指令设置了日志格式之后，需要用access_log指令指定日志文件的存放路径；
access_log path(存放路径) format (自定义日志名称)
示例:
#access_log logs/access.log main;
我们用log_format 定义了一个mylogformat的日志 我们可以写成这样
access_log logs/access.log mylogformat ;
如果不想启用日志 :
access_log off ;
在定义日志目录中要注意的是，
1、nginx进程设置的用户和组必须有对该路径 创建文件的权限，假设nginx的usr指令设置的用户名 和用户组都是www，而logs 目录的用户名和组是root，那么日志文件将无法被创建；
2、一般情况下，如果nginx.conf配置文件里的http里面没设置access_log off;默认是会把所有访问日志输出到/var/log/nginx目录下面，现在要把不同网站的日志区分开来，所以添加了access_log off。
按照之前很多网上的配置方法是在各个虚拟主机配置文件的server段里添加日志格式和日志输出路径，如下
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log /home/wwwlogs/ddhow.com.log access; error_log /home/wwwlogs/ddhow.com-error.log;
lua记录日志：
user root;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format tick "$msec|||$u_t|||$remote_addr|||$u_domain|||$u_url|||$u_title|||$u_referrer|||$u_sh|||$u_sw|||$u_cd|||$u_lang|||$http_user_agent|||$u_utrace|||$u_account|||$u_time";
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
location /1.gif {
#伪装成gif文件
default_type image/gif;
#本身关闭access_log，通过subrequest记录log
access_log off;
access_by_lua "
-- 用户跟踪cookie名为__utrace
local uid = ngx.var.cookie___utrace
if not uid then
-- 如果没有则生成一个跟踪cookie，算法为md5(时间戳+IP+客户端信息)
uid = ngx.md5(ngx.now() .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. ngx.var.http_user_agent)
end
ngx.header['Set-Cookie'] = {'__utrace=' .. uid .. '; path=/'}
if ngx.var.arg_domain then
-- 通过subrequest到/i-log记录日志，将参数和用户跟踪cookie带过去
ngx.location.capture('/i-log?' .. ngx.var.args .. '&utrace=' .. uid .. '&time=' .. ngx.localtime())
end
";
#此请求不缓存
add_header Expires "Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT";
add_header Pragma "no-cache";
add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate";
#返回一个1×1的空gif图片
empty_gif;
}
location /i-log {
#内部location，不允许外部直接访问
internal;
#设置变量，注意需要unescape
set_unescape_uri $u_domain $arg_domain;
set_unescape_uri $u_t $arg_t;
set_unescape_uri $u_url $arg_url;
set_unescape_uri $u_title $arg_title;
set_unescape_uri $u_referrer $arg_referrer;
set_unescape_uri $u_sh $arg_sh;
set_unescape_uri $u_sw $arg_sw;
set_unescape_uri $u_cd $arg_cd;
set_unescape_uri $u_lang $arg_lang;
set_unescape_uri $u_utrace $arg_utrace;
set_unescape_uri $u_account $arg_account;
set_unescape_uri $u_time $arg_time;
#打开日志
log_subrequest on;
#记录日志到ma.log，实际应用中最好加buffer，格式为tick
access_log /usr/local/nginx/nginxlog/access.log tick;
#输出空字符串
echo '';
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# remove the robots line if you want to use wordpress' virtual robots.txt
location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
# this prevents hidden files (beginning with a period) from being served
location ~ /\. { access_log off; log_not_found off; deny all; }
}
}