rabbitmq初探

AMQP协议

AMQP 有四个非常重要的概念：虚拟机(virtual host)，交换机(exchange)，队列(queue)和绑定(binding)。

• 虚拟机: 通常是应用的外在边界，我们可以为不同的虚拟机分配访问权限。虚拟机可持有多个交换机、队列和绑定。
• 交换机: 从连接通道(Channel)接收消息，并按照特定的路由规则发送给队列。
• 队列: 消息最终的存储容器，直到消费客户端(Consumer)将其取走。
• 绑定: 也就是所谓的路由规则，告诉交换机将何种类型的消息发送到某个队列中。

通常的操作流程是:

• (1) 消费者: 创建信息通道。
• (2) 消费者: 定义消息队列。
• (3) 消费者: 定义特定类型的交换机。
• (4) 消费者: 设定绑定规则 (包括交换机名称、队列名称以及路由键)。
• (5) 消费者: 等待消息。
• (6) 生产者: 创建消息。
• (7) 生产者: 将消息投递给信息通道 (注明接收交换机名称和路由键)。
• (8) 交换机: 获取消息，依据交换机类型决定是否匹配路由规则 (如需匹配，则对比消息路由键和绑定路由键)。
• (9) 消费者: 获取并处理消息，发送反馈。
• (10) 结束: 关闭通道和连接。

RabbitMq介绍

由erlang(面向并发的变成语言)开发，遵循AMQP协议的消息代理。原理简单，通过接受、转发消息。

应用场景

处理无需及时返回、耗时的操作，采用异步处理，能够大大节省服务器的请求响应时间，提高系统吞吐量。 

概念答疑

生产者：发送消息的程序；

消费者：等待接受消息、并且处理消息的程序，如果处理大量堆积消息，只需要增加更多的消费者。

队列：存储消息，一个队列没有范围限制，本质上无限大的缓存。

MQ服务器：消息缓存服务器，一旦消息正确传递给消费者，消息会立即从内存删除。

系统架构

连接（connection）：客户端和rabbitmq server之间的tcp连接；

虚拟连接（channel）：消费者和生产者通过tcp连接到rabbitmq server，channel是建立在tcp连接上，避免频繁建立关闭tcp连接，影响系统性能，而且系统的tcp连接数有限制，从而限制系统处理高并发能力。有实验表明，1s的数据可以Publish10K的数据包（普通硬件环境）。

消息确认：一个消息确认是由消费者发出，告诉RabbitMQ这个消息已经被接受，处理完成，RabbitMQ 可以删除它了，保证消息不会丢失；

消息持久化：持久化消息到硬盘，保证不会丢失，但依旧有个短暂的时间窗口。需要更健壮的持久化保证，你可以使用出版者确认。

Exhanges

direct： routing key 匹配, 那么Message就会被传递到相应的queue中。

fanout：向响应的queue广播

topic： 对key进行模式匹配，比如ab*可以传递到所有ab*的queue

代码DEMO

生产者
import com.whtr.eam.common.util.SystemContext;
import com.whtr.eam.platform.interfaceMgr.engine.ProtocolException;
import com.whtr.eam.platform.interfaceMgr.vo.DataVo;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

package com.whtr.eam.platform.interfaceMgr.util;

import com.whtr.eam.common.util.SystemContext;
import com.whtr.eam.platform.interfaceMgr.engine.ProtocolException;
import com.whtr.eam.platform.interfaceMgr.vo.DataVo;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 消息生产者
 * <p/>
 * Created by zhongmin 20167.5.
 */
public class ProtocolProducer extends ProtocolEndPoint {

    public ProtocolProducer(DataVo data) throws IOException {
        super(data.getName(), data.getExchangeName(), data.getExchangType(), data.getRoutingKey());
        setHost(data.getUrl());
        setPort(data.getPort());
        setUserName(data.getUserName());
        setPassword(data.getPassword());
        init();
    }



    public void sendMessage(String message) throws Exception {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(message)){
            logger.info("待发送的消息为空");
            throw new ProtocolException("请求参数为空,无法发送消息！");
        }

        if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(getExchangeName())){
            channel.basicPublish(getExchangeName(), getRoutingKey(), null, message.getBytes());
        }else{
            channel.basicPublish("", getQueueName(), null, message.getBytes());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String queueName = "q.lee";
        String exchangeName = "e.lee";
        String exchangType = "topic";
        String routingKey = "r.lee";

        DataVo data = new DataVo();
        data.setName(queueName);
        data.setExchangeName(exchangeName);
        data.setExchangType(exchangType);
        data.setRoutingKey(routingKey);
        data.setReqParam("lee mq");
        /**
         # mq.host=192.168.1.43
         mq.host=rabmq.inside.ppmoney
         mq.port=5672
         mq.user=guest
         mq.password=guest
         */
        data.setUserName("guest");
        data.setPassword("guest");
        data.setUrl("192.168.1.43");
        data.setPort(15672);
        
        ProtocolProducer protocolProducer = new ProtocolProducer(data);
        protocolProducer.sendMessage("leee");
    }
}

public class ProtocolProducer extends ProtocolEndPoint {

    public ProtocolProducer(DataVo data) throws IOException {
        super(data.getName(), data.getExchangeName(), data.getExchangType(), data.getRoutingKey());
        setHost(data.getUrl());
        setPort(data.getPort());
        setUserName(data.getUserName());
        setPassword(data.getPassword());
        init();
    }



    public void sendMessage(String message) throws Exception {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(message)){
            logger.info("待发送的消息为空");
            throw new ProtocolException("请求参数为空,无法发送消息！");
        }

        if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(getExchangeName())){
            channel.basicPublish(getExchangeName(), getRoutingKey(), null, message.getBytes());
        }else{
            channel.basicPublish("", getQueueName(), null, message.getBytes());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String queueName = "q.lee";
        String exchangeName = "e.lee";
        String exchangType = "topic";
        String routingKey = "r.lee";

        DataVo data = new DataVo();
        data.setName(queueName);
        data.setExchangeName(exchangeName);
        data.setExchangType(exchangType);
        data.setRoutingKey(routingKey);
        data.setReqParam("lee mq");
        /**
         # mq.host=192.168.1.43
         mq.host=rabmq.inside.ppmoney
         mq.port=5672
         mq.user=guest
         mq.password=guest
         */
        data.setUserName("guest");
        data.setPassword("guest");
        data.setUrl("192.168.1.43");
        data.setPort(15672);
        
        ProtocolProducer protocolProducer = new ProtocolProducer(data);
        protocolProducer.sendMessage("leee");
    }
}


队列抽象者
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 队列的抽象类
 * <p/>
 * Created by liangqq on 2015/12/7.
 */
public abstract class ProtocolEndPoint {

    protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    protected Channel channel;
    protected Connection connection;
    protected String queueName;
    protected String exchangeName;
    protected String exchangeType;
    protected String routingKey;

    private ConnectionFactory factory;


    private String host;
    private Integer port;
    private String userName;
    private String password;

    public ProtocolEndPoint(String queueName, String exchangeName, String exchangeType, String routingKey) throws IOException {
        this.queueName = queueName;
        this.exchangeName = exchangeName;
        this.exchangeType = exchangeType;
        this.routingKey = routingKey;
    }

    public void init() throws IOException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = getFactory();
        factory.setHost(host);
        factory.setPort(port);
        factory.setUsername(userName);
        factory.setPassword(password);
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);

        connection = factory.newConnection();
        connection.addShutdownListener(new MqShutdownListener());
        channel = connection.createChannel();
        if (!bindExchange()) {
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        }
    }

    public ProtocolEndPoint(String queueName) throws IOException {
        this(queueName, null, null, null);
    }

    private boolean bindExchange() throws IOException {
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(exchangeName)) {
            String type = StringUtils.isNotBlank(exchangeType) ? exchangeType : "topic";
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, type, true);
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭channel和connection。并非必须，因为隐含是自动调用的
     */
    public void close() {
        try {
            this.channel.close();
            this.connection.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } finally {
            if (null != channel) {
                try {
                    this.channel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                try {
                    this.connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public String getQueueName() {
        return queueName;
    }

    public String getExchangeName() {
        return exchangeName;
    }

    public String getExchangeType() {
        return exchangeType;
    }

    public String getRoutingKey() {
        return routingKey;
    }

    public ConnectionFactory getFactory() {
        if(null == factory){
            factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        }
        return factory;
    }

    public void setFactory(ConnectionFactory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public String getHost() {
        return host;
    }

    public void setHost(String host) {
        this.host = host;
    }

    public Integer getPort() {
        return port;
    }

    public void setPort(Integer port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}



import com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException;
import org.nutz.json.Json;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * 监听队列关闭的监听者
 *
 * Created by zhongminon 2016.7.5.
 */
public class MqShutdownListener implements ShutdownListener {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Override
    public void shutdownCompleted(ShutdownSignalException cause) {
        logger.error("队列关闭：{}", Json.toJson(cause));
    }
}

消费者
public class ConsoumerDirect {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv)
                  throws java.io.IOException,
                  java.lang.InterruptedException {

        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

        if (argv.length < 1){
            System.err.println("Usage: ReceiveLogsDirect [info] [warning] [error]");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        for(String severity : argv){
            channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);
        }

        System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

        while (true) {
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
            String routingKey = delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey();

            System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + routingKey + "':'" + message + "'");
        }
    }
}

 参考更详细教程：http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/19563091

 RabbitMq控制台：http://www.cnblogs.com/dubing/p/4017613.html