手动安装MySQL的目的：
1、一个服务器上可以同时装多个版本，甚至相同版本MySQL的多个实例，这种需求很常见；
2、一次初始化和配置后，可以快速复制到本服务器或其他服务器，及封装为初始MySQL的绿色版；
3、调查问题时，只要找到MySQL的Home，所有资源都在里面。
手动安装要达到的目标：
1、尽量各种文件都集中在一个文件夹里，防止多实例时发现相同Linux路径下出现相同文件而尴尬（如pid、cnf、log、sock等文件的位置）；
2、复制的实例 尽量只简单配置 一下my.cnf、mysql.server启动停止shell、mysqld.service 服务管理的单元文件、防火墙，甚至不需要配置环境变量；
3、默认初始化root密码固定（如123456），可以远程访问。
实操步骤：
1、MySQL官网下载Linux Generic版本，我下载的是 5.7.27；
2、服务器上安装 lrzsz，Free implementation of X/Y/Zmodem protocol. 一般服务器都预装，或 yum -y install lrzsz 安装即可，为了把下载好的MySQL传上去；
3、下载putty-nd 远程分支，Noodle build of PuTTY suite，putty官方版不支持 rz上传、sz下载，我下载的版本是 V6.6 ；
4、打开putty-nd，进入服务器，创建好安装目录，我的目录是 /usr/local/mysql 并进入该目录；（此时创建mysql用户，以mysql用户重新登陆安装可以，以root身份安装也可以，我就以root安装）
5、命令 rz 回车，提示选择下载好的Linux Generic压缩包（约630M），等待上传到服务器（很快）；
6、直接解压 tar -xvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ，解压完 重命名为 mysql-5.7.27；
7、进入 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 目录后，开始准备my.cnf 配置文件，具体如下：data、pid、err、log、sock都在同一目录下
[mysqld] port=3306 basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/data pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/mysqld.pid log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/mysqld.err user=root max_connections=151 symbolic-links=0 lower_case_table_names = 1 character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci bind-address = 0.0.0.0 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/mysql.sock [client] port=3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8
8、将my.cnf 配置文件上传至 当前目录 ： /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 。 命令# rz 回车选择my.cnf 配置文件上传；
9、进入 support-files/ 目录修改mysql.server shell文件：注意修改shell开头的basedir、datadir变量的赋值；
#!/bin/sh # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind # MySQL daemon start/stop script. # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql. # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is # started and shut down when the systems goes down. # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux # chkconfig: 2345 64 36 # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine. # Comments to support LSB init script conventions ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: mysql # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine. ### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you # have to do one of the following things for this script to work: # # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information: # [mysqld] # basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini) # and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable # below. # # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files. # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/data # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting # for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely service_startup_timeout=60 # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE. lockdir='/var/lock/subsys' lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql" # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things. # Set some defaults mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.) datadir_set= # # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible # lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin" export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1 ;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults"; then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid else case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown" mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
10、添加环境变量，这是为了打包制作MySQL绿色版，所以必须要配置后登陆修改root密码、开启远程；命令 # vi /etc/profile 添加 以下路径和变量赋值，注意添加在export之前；之后编译profile文件# source /etc/profile
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
11、初始化数据库，得到初始随机密码 ，命令 ./bin/mysqld --user=root --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/data --initialize
12、开启MySQL服务： ./support-files/mysql.server start
13、以初始密码登陆： mysql -u root -p ，登陆后修改初始密码： ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
14、开启远程访问：
use mysql select host,user from user; update user set host='%' where user='root'; flush privileges;
15、打开防火墙3306端口
16、编辑一个Linux 服务单元文件 = mysqld.service，用来控制MySQL的重启和关闭，将其上传至 /usr/lib/systemd/system 目录，同样CD进入此目录后 命令 # rz选择此文件即可上传。
[Unit] Description=MySQL Server 5.7.27 Documentation= After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/mysqld.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/support-files/mysql.server start ExecReload=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/support-files/mysql.server restart ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/support-files/mysql.server stop [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
17、设置开机自启动 systemctl enable mysqld ，这里的mysqld就是前面的单元文件名称，命令可以加文件名后面的service，也可不加；
18、打包绿色版结束。
总结：关键点就3个，1正确的编辑my.cnf配置文件，及放置的位置basedir根目录；2修改MySQL重启的shell文件mysql.server，添加basedir、datadir；3、编辑管理服务的单元文件 mysqld.service，并放在正确的位置。
以下截图示所有临时文件和数据文件都在此目录下，可就此目录打包下载存档。
