linux基础正则表达式、shell基础、文件查找和压缩
1.shell编程显示电脑的基本信息，初级基础脚本。只适合6.7版本的。
COLOR="\033[1;36m"
COLOREND="\033[0m"
echo -e "CPU type is $COLOR `lscpu |grep 'Model name'|tr -s ' '|cut -d: -f2`$COLOREND"
echo -e "Disk space is $COLOR `lsblk |grep 'disk' |tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f4|head -n 1` $COLOREND"
echo -e "Memory size is $COLOR `free -h |grep 'Mem'|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f2` $COLOREND"
echo -e "OS Verion is $COLOR `cat /etc/redhat-release` $COLOREND"
echo -e "kernel version is $COLOR `uname -r` $COLOREND"
echo -e "IPaddr is $COLOR ` ifconfig ens33 |grep 'netmask'|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f3`$COLOREND" 2.找出ifconfig “网卡名” 命令结果中本机的IPv4地址
[root@centos7 scripts38]#ifconfig ens33 |grep netmask|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f3
192.168.11.131[root@centos7 ~]#ifconfig ens33 |grep ask | grep -o "\([0-9]\{1,3\}\.\)\{3\}[0-9]\{1,3\}"|head -1
192.168.6.1363.查出分区空间使用率的最大百分比值
[root@centos7 scripts38]#df|grep '/dev/sd'|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f5|tr -d %|sort -nr|head -n 1
174.查出用户UID最大值的用户名、UID及shell类型
[root@centos7 scripts38]#cat /etc/passwd |cut -d: -f1,3,7 |sort -t: -k2 -nr|head -n 1
nfsnobody:65534:/sbin/nologin5.查出/tmp的权限，以数字方式显示
[root@centos7 ~]#stat /tmp |grep 'drwx'|cut -d' ' -f2|tr -dc [0-9]
17776.统计当前连接本机的每个远程主机IP的连接数，并按从大到小排序
netstat -tun|grep ESTAB|tr -s " " : |cut -d: -f6|sort -nr|uniq -c
1 192.168.6.17.显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大小s开头的行(要求：使用两种方法)
[root@centos7 ~]#grep ^[sS] /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 2288 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2058044 kB
Shmem: 16796 kB
Slab: 88744 kB
SReclaimable: 39980 kB
SUnreclaim: 48764 kB[root@centos7 ~]#grep '^s\|^S' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 2288 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2058044 kB
Shmem: 16796 kB
Slab: 88744 kB
SReclaimable: 39980 kB
SUnreclaim: 48764 kB[root@centos7 ~]#grep ^[s\|S] /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 2288 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2058044 kB
Shmem: 16796 kB
Slab: 88744 kB
SReclaimable: 39980 kB
SUnreclaim: 48764 kB[root@centos7 ~]#grep -w \<'s\|S.*' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 2288 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2058044 kB
Shmem: 16796 kB
Slab: 88716 kB
SReclaimable: 39980 kB
SUnreclaim: 48736 kB8.显示/etc/passwd文件中不以/bin/bash结尾的行
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd |grep -v '/bin/bash$'
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin9.显示用户rpc默认的shell程序
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd |grep '\<rpc\>'|cut -d: -f7
/sbin/nologin10.找出/etc/passwd中的两位或三位数
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd |grep "\<[0-9]\{2,3\}\>"
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin11.显示CentOS7的/etc/grub2.cfg文件中，至少以一个空白字符开头的且后面有非
空白字符的行
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/grub2.cfg |grep ^[[:space:]].*
load_env
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
set default="${saved_entry}"
menuentry_id_option="--id"
menuentry_id_option=""
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
set timeout=5
source ${prefix}/user.cfg
if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
set superusers="root"
export superusers
password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
fi
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' b6888a3b-3755-49af-b1db-5b412eda8657
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b6888a3b-3755-49af-b1db-5b412eda8657
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=05bdb265-31b6-4a0f-942b-f69d4b103e8d ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' b6888a3b-3755-49af-b1db-5b412eda8657
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b6888a3b-3755-49af-b1db-5b412eda8657
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-55bf685d782642d9bcbb1eaf123db175 root=UUID=05bdb265-31b6-4a0f-942b-f69d4b103e8d ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-55bf685d782642d9bcbb1eaf123db175.img
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
source $prefix/custom.cfg;12.找出“netstat -tan”命令结果中以LISTEN后跟任意多个空白字符结尾的行
[root@centos7 ~]#netstat -tan|grep 'LISTEN[[:space:]]\+'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::6000 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 13.显示CentOS7上所有UID小于1000以内的用户名和UID
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd |cut -d':' -f1,3 |grep -v '\<[0-9]\{4\}\>'
root:0
bin:1
daemon:2
adm:3
lp:4
sync:5
shutdown:6
halt:7
mail:8
operator:11
games:12
ftp:14
nobody:99
systemd-network:192
dbus:81
polkitd:999
libstoragemgmt:998
colord:997
rpc:32
gluster:996
saslauth:995
abrt:173
rtkit:172
pulse:171
radvd:75
rpcuser:29
nfsnobody:65534
unbound:994
chrony:993
qemu:107
tss:59
usbmuxd:113
geoclue:992
ntp:38
sssd:991
setroubleshoot:990
saned:989
gdm:42
gnome-initial-setup:988
sshd:74
avahi:70
postfix:89
tcpdump:72[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd |cut -d':' -f1,3 |grep '\<[0-9]\{1,3\}\>'
root:0
bin:1
daemon:2
adm:3
lp:4
sync:5
shutdown:6
halt:7
mail:8
operator:11
games:12
ftp:14
nobody:99
systemd-network:192
dbus:81
polkitd:999
libstoragemgmt:998
colord:997
rpc:32
gluster:996
saslauth:995
abrt:173
rtkit:172
pulse:171
radvd:75
rpcuser:29
unbound:994
chrony:993
qemu:107
tss:59
usbmuxd:113
geoclue:992
ntp:38
sssd:991
setroubleshoot:990
saned:989
gdm:42
gnome-initial-setup:988
sshd:74
avahi:70
postfix:89
tcpdump:7214.添加用户bash、testbash、basher、sh、nologin(其shell为/sbin/nologin),找 出/etc/passwd用户名和shell同名的行
[root@centos7 ~]#grep '\(.*\+\):.*\<\1$' /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
nologin:x:1026:1032::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin[root@centos7 ~]#egrep "(.*+):.*\<\1$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
nologin:x:1026:1032::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin15.利用df和grep，取出磁盘各分区利用率，并从大到小排序
[root@centos7 ~]#df |grep '/dev/sd'|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f5 |sort -nr
17%
5%
1%[root@centos7 ~]#df |grep '/dev/sd'|grep -o '[0-9]\{0,3\}%' |sort -nr
17%
5%
1%16.查看Linux大版本。
[root@centos7 data]#cat /etc/redhat-release |cut -d. -f1|grep -o '[[:digit:]]'
717.显示三个用户root、mage、wang的UID和默认shell
[root@centos7 scripts38]#cat /etc/passwd |grep -w '^root\|^wang\|^mage'|cut -d: -f1,3,7
root:0:/bin/bash
wang:1027:/bin/bash
mage:1028:/bin/bash18.找出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions文件中行首为某单词(包括下划线)后面跟一个小括号的行
[root@centos7 data]#cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions |grep '^[[:alpha:]].*(.*).*'
systemctl_redirect () {
checkpid() {
daemon() {
killproc() {
pidfileofproc() {
pidofproc() {
status() {
echo_success() {
echo_failure() {
echo_passed() {
echo_warning() {
update_boot_stage() {
success() {
failure() {
passed() {
warning() {
action() {
strstr() {
is_ignored_file() {
convert2sec() {
is_true() {
is_false() {
apply_sysctl() {
strstr "$(cat /proc/cmdline)" "rc.debug" && set -x19.使用egrep取出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions中其基名和⽬录名
目录名
[root@centos7 data]#echo /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions |egrep -o "^[/].*/"
/etc/rc.d/init.d/20.统计last命令中以root登录的每个主机IP地址登录次数
[root@centos7 data]#last |grep 'root' | egrep -o \([0-9]\{1,3\}\.\)\{3\}[0-9]\{1,3\}|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr
70 192.168.6.1
1 172.18.37.3721.利用扩展正则表达式分别表示0-9、10-99、100-199、200-249、250-255
[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]22.显示ifconfig命令结果中所有IPv4地址
[root@centos7 data]#ifconfig |egrep -o "(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])"
192.168.6.136
255.255.255.0
192.168.6.255
172.18.7.7
255.255.0.0
172.18.255.255
127.0.0.1
255.0.0.0
192.168.122.1
255.255.255.0
192.168.122.25523.将此字符串：welcome to magedu linux 中的每个字符去重并排序，重复次数多的排到前面
[root@centos7 data]#echo welcome to magedu linux |grep -o "."|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr
3 e
3
2 u
2 o
2 m
2 l
1 x
1 w
1 t
1 n
1 i
1 g
1 d
1 c
1 a24.编写脚本 backup.sh，可实现每日将/etc/目录备份到/backup/etcYYYYmm-dd中
COLOR="\033[1;36m"
COLOREND="\033[0m"
echo -e "${COLOR}Starting backup ...$COLOREND"
cp -av /etc/ /data/etc_backup-`date +%F`
echo -e "${COLOR}Backup is finished$COLOREND"25.编写脚本 disk.sh，显示当前硬盘分区中空间利用率最大的值
COLOR="\033[1;36m"
COLOREND="\033[0m"
echo -e "${COLOR}Starting Hard Disk Inspection ...$COLOREND"
echo -e "${COLOR}`df|grep "/dev/sd" |tr -s " "|cut -d ' ' -f5|sort -nr|head -1`$COLOREND"
echo -e "${COLOR}Hard Disk Inspection is finished$COLOREND"26.编写脚本 links.sh，显示正连接本主机的每个远程主机的IPv4地址和连接数，并按连接数从大到小排序
COLOR="\033[1;36m"
COLOREND="\033[0m"
echo -e "${COLOR}Linsk ...$COLOREND"
echo -e "${COLOR}` netstat -tun|grep ESTAB|tr -s " " : |cut -d: -f6|sort -nr|uniq -c`$COLOREND"
echo -e "${COLOR}Linsk$COLOREND"27.通用版信息存放地点
[root@centos7 data]#cat /proc/partitions
硬盘大小存放位置
[root@centos7 data]#cat /proc/meminfo
内存大小存放位置
[root@centos7 data]#cat /proc/cpuinfo
CPU等存放位置28.远程执行脚本。
先开启服务，6上面自带服务
[root@centos6 ~]#service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for centos6.10.localdomain
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]把脚本拷贝到6的主机上
[root@centos7 scripts38]#scp 2systeminfo.sh 192.168.6.129:/var/www/html/
The authenticity of host '192.168.6.129 (192.168.6.129)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:7SNWeID7Jr5cvOTZkLQWElsa/MbwymmEUZRhTd8qxJ4.
RSA key fingerprint is MD5:3e:fa:86:dd:c6:b8:41:34:a0:50:f3:f6:b3:17:82:9a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.6.129' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
2systeminfo.sh 100% 964 581.7KB/s 00:00 查看是否拷贝到了6的主机上
[root@centos6 ~]#ls /var/www/html/
2systeminfo.sh在其他主机上执行就可以实现了
[root@centos7 scripts38]#curl 192.168.6.129/2systeminfo.sh |bash
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 100 964 100 964 0 0 335k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 470k29.找出“ldd /usr/bin/cat”命令的结果中的⽂件路径
[root@centos7 data]#ldd /usr/bin/cat | grep -o '/[^[:space:]]\+'
/lib64/libc.so.6
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.230.复制/etc/profile⾄/tmp/⽬录，⽤查找替换命令删除/tmp/profile⽂件中的⾏⾸的空⽩字符
[root@centos7 data]#cp /etc/profile /tmp/
[root@centos7 data]#vim /tmp/profile
:%s/^[[:space:]]\+//g31.复制/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions⽂件⾄/tmp⽬录，⽤查找替换命令为/tmp/functions的每⾏开头为空⽩字符的⾏的⾏⾸添加⼀个#号
[root@centos7 data]#cp /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /tmp/
[root@centos7 data]#vim /tmp/functions
:%s/^[[:space:]]/#/g31.编写脚本 sumid.sh，计算/etc/passwd文件中的第10个用户和第20用户的UID之和
NUM1=` cat /etc/passwd |head -1 |cut -d: -f3`
NUM10=`cat /etc/passwd |head -10 |tail -1|cut -d: -f3`
SUM=$[NUM1+NUM10]
echo "num1 user UUID + num10 user UUID = $SUM"32.编写脚本 sumspace.sh，传递两个文件路径作为参数给脚本，计算这两个文件中所有空白行之和
NUM1=` grep '^$' $1 |wc -l`
NUM2=` grep '^$' $2 |wc -l`
SUM=$[NUM1+NUM2]
echo "The sum of blank lines =$SUM"33.编写脚本 sumfile.sh，统计/etc, /var, /usr 目录中共有多少个一级子目录和文件
ETC=`ls -l /etc/ | wc -l`
VAR=`ls -l /var/ | wc -l`
USR=`ls -l /usr/ | wc -l`
SUM=$[ETC+VAR+USR]
echo "sum=$SUM"34.编写脚本 argsnum.sh，接受一个文件路径作为参数；如果参数个数小于1，
则提示用户“至少应该给一个参数”，并立即退出；如果参数个数不小于1，则显示第一个参数所指向的文件中的空白行数
[ $# -lt 1 ] && { echo "At least one parameter should be given"; exit 10; }
NUM1=` grep '^$' $1 |wc -l`
echo "The blank lines =$NUM1"35.编写脚本 hostping.sh，接受一个主机的IPv4地址做为参数，测试是否可连
通。如果能ping通，则提示用户“该IP地址可访问”；如果不可ping通，则提示用户“该IP地址不可访问”
. /data/scripts38/color.sh
read -p "Please enter a correct IP:" IP
# [[ $# -lt 1 ]] && { echo "Please enter a IP"; exit 10; }
[[ "$IP" =~ ^(([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$ ]] || { echo -e "${COLOR} Please enter a IP${COLOREND}" ; exit 20;}
ping -c1 -w2 $IP &> /dev/null && echo -e "${COLOR}该IP地址可访问${COLOREND}" ||echo -e "${COLOR}该IP地址不可访问${COLOREND}"36.编写脚本 checkdisk.sh，检查磁盘分区空间和inode使用率，如果超过80%，就发广播警告空间将满
USE=` df|grep "/dev/sd" |tr -s " " %|cut -d "%" -f5|sort -nr|head -1`
INODE=`df -i|grep "/dev/sd" |tr -s " " %|cut -d "%" -f5|sort -nr|head -1`
test $USE -gt 80 && echo " disk will be full " &&echo disk will be full | mail -s warning root || echo "disk is normal"
[[ "$INODE" -gt 80 ]] && echo " inode will be full " &&echo inode will be full | mail -s warning root || echo "inode is normal"
unset USE INODE37.编写脚本 per.sh，判断当前用户对指定参数文件，是否不可读并且不可写
. /data/scripts38/color.sh
#read -p "Please enter a file:" FILE
[[ $# -lt 1 ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR}No input file${COLOREND}" ; exit 10;}
[[ ! -e $@ ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR}file does not exist${COLOREND}" ; exit 20;}
[ ! -r $@ -a ! -w $@ ] && { echo -e "${COLOR}The file is unreadable and not writable${COLOREND}" ;}
[ -r $@ -a ! -w $@ ] && { echo -e "${COLOR}The file is readable and not writable${COLOREND}" ;}
[ -r $@ -a -w $@ ] && { echo -e "${COLOR}The file is readable and writable${COLOREND}" ;}38.编写脚本 excute.sh ，判断参数文件是否为sh后缀的普通文件，如果是，添加所有人可执行权限，否则提示用户非脚本文件
. /data/scripts38/color.sh
[[ $# -lt 1 ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR}No input file${COLOREND}" ; exit 10;}
[[ ! -e $@ ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR}file does not exist${COLOREND}" ; exit 20;}
[ ! -f $@ ] && { echo -e "${COLOR}Not an ordinary document${COLOREND}" ; exit 30;}
[[ $@ =~ .sh$ ]] && (chmod a+x $@ ; echo -e "${COLOR}$@是一个脚本文件${COLOREND}" ) || { echo -e "${COLOR}User Non-script Files${COLOREND}" ; exit 40;}39.编写脚本 nologin.sh和 login.sh，实现禁止和允许普通用户登录系统
. /data/scripts38/color.sh
[ -f /etc/nologin ] && echo -e "${COLOR}Normal users are prohibited from logging in${COLOREND}"|| (touch /etc/nologin ; echo -e "${COLOR}Normal users are prohibited from logging in${COLOREND}"). /data/scripts38/color.sh
[ -f /etc/nologin ] && (rm -f /etc/nologin ; echo -e "${COLOR}Ordinary users can log in${COLOREND}")||echo -e "${COLOR}Ordinary users can log in${COLOREND}"40.年龄
read -p "Input your age: " AGE
if [[ ! "$AGE" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Please input a digit age"
elif [ $AGE -lt 18 ];then
echo "GOOD good study"
elif [ $AGE -lt 80 ];then
echo "goot goot work"
elif [ $AGE -le 120 ];then
echo "enjoy life"
else
echo "Welcome to the earth"
fi41.鸡兔同笼，头37，脚94
read -p "please input the head number:" HEAD
read -p "please input the foot number:" FOOT
Rabbit=$[FOOT/2-HEAD]
Chook=$[HEAD-Rabbit]
echo "Number of rabbits:" $Rabbit
echo "Number of chook:" $Chook把ens33改为eth0
[root@centos7 ~]#sed -ri '/^[[:space:]]+linux16/s#(.*)#\1 net.ifnames=0#' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg[root@centos7 ~]#sed -ir '/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0"@' /etc/default/grub 关闭selinux
[root@centos7 data]#sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/ ' /etc/selinux/config42.
cat <<EOF
1.不知道想干啥
2.干什么都不容易
3.干点什么不好
4.吃饭饭
5.睡觉觉
6.打豆豆
EOF
read -p "抽奖啦啦，输入一个数字（1-6））：" NUM
case $NUM in
1)
echo "干什么都不如睡觉"
;;
2)
echo "梦里啥都有，要什么自行车"
;;
3)
echo "吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆，一天又一天"
;;
4)
echo "少吃点，该减肥了"
;;
5)
echo "一睡就是一整天"
;;
6)
echo "打什么豆豆"
;;
*)
echo "欢迎来地球"
esac43.编写脚本createuser.sh，实现如下功能：使⽤⼀个⽤户名做为参数，如果指定参数的⽤户存在，就显⽰其存在，否则添加之；显⽰添加的⽤户的id号等信息
if [ -z "$1" ];then
read -p "please input user:" USER
if
[ -z $USER ] ;then
echo "Password cannot be empty"
exit 10;
else
NAME=$USER
fi
else
NAME=$USER
fi
if id $NAME &> /dev/null ; then
echo "$NAME 账户已经存在"
exit 20
else
useradd $NAME && echo "密码创建成功"
echo magedu | passwd --stdin $NAME &> /dev/null && echo "初始密码为：magedu"
passwd -e $NAME &> /dev/null
echo "userinfo:`id $NAME`"
fi44.编写脚本/root/bin/yesorno.sh，提⽰⽤户输⼊yes或no,并判断⽤户输⼊的是yes还是no,或是其它信息
read -p "Do you agree? (yes or no): " ANSWER
case $ANSWER in
[Yy]|[Yy][Ee][sS])
echo YES
;;
[Nn]|[Nn][Oo])
echo NO
;;
*)
echo input false
esac45.编写脚本/root/bin/filetype.sh,判断⽤户输⼊⽂件路径，显⽰其⽂件类型（普通，⽬录，链接，其它⽂件类型）
read -p "输入一个文件：" A
if [ -z $A ];then
echo "输入不能为空"
exit
elif [ ! -e $A ];then
echo "文件不存在"
exit
elif [ -d $A ];then
echo "这是一个目录"
exit
elif [ -L $A ];then
echo "这是一个链接文件"
exit
elif [ -f $A ];then
echo "这是一个普通文件"
exit
else
echo "other file"
exit
fi46.编写脚本/root/bin/checkint.sh,判断⽤户输⼊的参数是否为正整数
. /data/scripts38/color.sh
read -t 30 -p "please input a number:" NUM
if [ -z $NUM ] ; then
echo -e "${COLOR}输入不能为空${COLOREND}"
exit 10
elif [[ "$NUM" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] ;then
echo "这是一个正整数"
exit 20
else
echo "这不是一个正整数"
exit 30
fi47.让所有⽤户的PATH环境变量的值多出⼀个路径，例如：/usr/local/apache/bin
echo 'PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh
source /etc/profile.d/env.sh48.⽤户root登录时，将命令指⽰符变成红⾊，并⾃动启⽤如下别名：
rm=‘rm –i’
cdnet=‘cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/’
editnet=‘vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0’
editnet=‘vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736 或
ifcfg-ens33 ’ (如果系统是CentOS7)
echo "PS1='\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\]'" >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh
source /etc/profile.d/env.sh
echo "alias rm='rm –i'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias editnet1='vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias editnet2='vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33'" >> ~/.bashrc
source .bashrc49.查找/var⽬录下属主为root，且属组为mail的所有⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /var/ -user root -group mail
/var/spool/mail
/var/spool/mail/root50.查找/var⽬录下不属于root、 lp、 gdm的所有⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /var/ -not \( -user root -o -user lp -o -user gdm \)
/var/tmp/abrt
/var/lib/colord
/var/lib/colord/icc51.查找当前系统上没有属主或属组，且最近⼀个周内曾被访问过的⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /var -atime -7 -nouser -o -nogroup52.查找/var⽬录下最近⼀周内其内容修改过，同时属主不root，也不是 postfix的⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /var -mtime -7 -not \( -user root -o -group postfix \)
/var/log/cups
/var/spool/mail/test
/var/spool/mail/bash
/var/spool/mail/testbash
/var/spool/mail/basher
/var/spool/mail/sh
/var/spool/mail/nologin
/var/spool/mail/wang
/var/spool/mail/mage
/var/spool/mail/lll
/var/spool/mail/aaa
/var/spool/mail/aaaaa
/var/spool/mail/jiaoyu
/var/spool/mail/chen
/var/spool/postfix/active
/var/spool/postfix/incoming
/var/spool/postfix/maildrop
/var/spool/postfix/private
/var/spool/postfix/public53.查找/etc⽬录下⼤于1M且类型为普通⽂件的所有⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /etc/ -size +1M -type f
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/policy.kern
/etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.bin
/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.31
/etc/brltty/zh-tw.ctb54.查找/etc⽬录下所有⽤户都没有写权限的⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /etc/ -not -perm /222
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
/etc/openldap/certs/password
/etc/gshadow
/etc/shadow
/etc/gshadow-
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.conf
/etc/lvm/profile/cache-mq.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/cache-smq.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/command_profile_template.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/lvmdbusd.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/metadata_profile_template.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/thin-generic.profile
/etc/lvm/profile/thin-performance.profile
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/cups.conf
/etc/pam.d/cups
/etc/shadow-
/etc/machine-id
/etc/sudoers55.查找/etc⽬录下⾄少有⼀类⽤户没有执⾏权限的⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /etc/ -not -perm -11156.查找/etc/init.d⽬录下，所有⽤户都有执⾏权限，且其它用户有写权限的⽂件。
[root@centos7 data]#find /etc/init.d/ -perm -113