异机恢复测试

使用此方式：异机恢复，类似手工建库:区别在于，数据之前是有的，使用的是备份代替脚本，控制文件也是使用之前的备份

异机恢复应用场景：A：几十个G的测试库，需要将测试数据完全复制，迁移到另一个库，使用RMAN与数据泵/exp相比，具有明显优势，使用此场景快速搭建

B：灾备演练：使用备份，通过异机恢复的方式，验证备份的可用性

备份区分:A全备传输+归档日志传输+控制文件+参数文件+密码口令文件

B全库0级备份+增量备份----

本次实验测试：A/B A-使用0级全备：类似全库备份方式，异机恢复

B-A实验成功后，删除所有数据及备份信息，重新再来，使用全库备份+1级增量备份测试

异机恢复流程：

源端：

实验环境：10.2.0.4

全库备份：参数文件-控制文件-数据文件-归档日志文件

传输: 备份信息从源端- 拷贝至 - 目标端

目标端：

创建准备：创建相应目录：密码文件：参数文件修改名称

参数文件修改：

使用参数文件，启动到Nomount状态

RMAN: 使用备份的控制文件，restore恢复至，参数文件指定的控制文件名称，路径

RMAN:注册备份片：数据文件、归档日志文件注册

RMAN:restore 应用备份，还原数据文件， set修改数据文件目录结构

RMAN: recover 应用日志恢复：open打开数据库

测试:A

#开启块跟踪，本次增量备份

#开启归档模式：

archive log list

Database log mode No Archive Mode

[oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir -p ./rman/arch

[oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir -p ./rman/data

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1="location=/home/oracle/rman/arch";

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

#开启块跟踪

SQL> select status,filename from v$block_change_tracking; DISABLED

[oracle@jiu ~]$ mkdir ./rman/block_trc

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc';

#备份指令：

RMAN> run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

sql 'alter system switch logfile';

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/%U.bk';

}

#查询备份的控制文件：备份片

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

/home/oracle/rman/data/05sv2o0d_1_1.bak

prkc-1024

#传输：节省时间：

#data

[oracle@jiu data]$ scp * 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/data/.

#arch

[oracle@jiu arch]$ scp *.bk 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/arch/.

#创建最新的pfile文件[如果目标端，选择不同sid,需要修改名称]

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

$ scp orapwjiu 192.168.20.55:/u02/app/oracle/10.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs/.

$ scp initjiu.ora 192.168.20.55:/u02/app/oracle/10.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs/.

#目标端：

#创建目录结构，存储源端备份文件

mkdir -p ./rman/arch

mkdir -p ./rman/data

#修改参数文件：

#修改前

*.audit_file_dest='/picclife/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump'

#修改A：OACLE_BASE不同，更好：替换

%s#/picclife#/u02#g

#替换后

audit_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/bdump'

*.control_files='/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/control01.ctl','

/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/control02.ctl','/u02/app/oracle/o

radata/jiu/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/cdump'

#*.local_listener='LISTENER_JIU'

*.db_name='ceshi'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/rman/arch'

*.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/udump'

创建路径：以上列举的所有路径

mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/jiu/adump

#启动到nomount阶段：

SQL> startup nomount;

#源库端：事先查询，启动到Mount状态

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/data/05sv2o0d_1_1.bak';

SQL> alter database mount;

#由于两端环境目录不同，需要修改日志文件 and datafile文件的路径文件名称

SQL> select name from v$datafile

union

select member from v$logfile;

/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/redo03.log

/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf

#失策：无法修改rename datafile NO：本次失败

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'''' ||';' from v$datafile;

#日志文件OK

select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(member,instr(member,'/','-1')+1)||''''||';' from v$logfile;

#数据文件：修改语句查询：

SQL> select 'set newname for datafile '||file#||' to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'";' from v$datafile;

#注册备份集：源库传输的备份集未注册无法使用

RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';

#如果上述：rename datafile and logfile 可以使用如下，否则，无法使用

run{

allocate channel ch00 type disk;

allocate channel ch01 type disk;

set newname for database to '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/%b';

restore database;

release channel ch00;

release channel ch01;

}

######本次使用此方式：

RMAN> run{

set newname for datafile 1 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/users01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 5 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/example01.dbf";

restore database;

switch datafile all;

}

#RESTORE NEXT RECOVER

RMAN> recover database;

RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 8 lowscn 599018

#源端查询：其实最开始查询最好

SQL> select NAME,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from V$ARCHIVED_LOG order by NEXT_CHANGE#;

/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_7_971921498.dbf

598918 599018 --源库查询：最后的一个归档日志SCN

#OPEN数据库

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc'

#本次测试环境：由于控制文件中，记录了开启块跟踪，本次解决思路，源端传输块跟踪文件

mkdir -p ./rman/block_trc/

]$ scp blk.trc 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/.

#？？？？？？？

RMAN> alter database open;

#删除创建新的临时表空间

SQL> create temporary tablespace temp001 tempfile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/temp.dbf' size 20m autoextend on;

SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp001

SQL> select tablespace_name,CONTENTS from dba_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY';

TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS

------------------------------ ---------

TEMP TEMPORARY

TEMP001 TEMPORARY

SQL> drop tablespace temp;

B：使用全库备份0级备份 +增量备份进行异机恢复

#使用A的测试环境，清空环境，避免干扰：

#删除内容：

块跟踪文件，数据文件，控制文件，日志文件

#本次为了方便，测试，参数文件未修改，为了达到测试效果

源库，创建一个新的表空间，创建一个测试表，已经在system表空间，创建一个测试表，模拟变化

切换几次归档

#模拟环境

SQL> create tablespace ceshi datafile '/home/oracle/ceshi.dbf' size 20m;

SQL> create table a tablespace system as select * from dba_objects;

SQL>

1* alter system switch logfile

SQL> create table b tablespace ceshi as select * from dba_objects;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

#备份指令：原0级备份

RMAN> run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

sql 'alter system switch logfile';

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/%U.bk';

}

#RMAN> list backup;

BS 6最新

#备份指令：现1级备份，为了区分标识：名称前缀数值

RMAN> run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

sql 'alter system switch logfile';

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

backup incremental level 1 database format '/home/oracle/rman/data/20180414%U.bak' include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/rman/arch/20180414%U.bk';

}

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman/data/201804140lsv2uij_1_1.bak

#检测备份归档文件的有效性：

--检测所有备份级

RMAN> crosscheck backup; RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all; --检测归档

--列举出所有无效的备份集

RMAN> list expired backup; RMAN> list expired archivelog all; --查询归档

--删除所有无效的归档

RMAN> delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

#传输：

$ scp 20180414* 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/arch/.

$ scp 201804140* 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/data/.

目标端：

修改口令文件，参数文件

SQL> startup nomount;

数据库启动到mount状态：

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/data/201804140lsv2uij_1_1.bak';

SQL> alter database mount;

注册备份集：

RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';

#修改日志文件，数据文件路径：rename 如果数据文件无法alter rename 则通过RMAN RUN块指定

#日志文件OK

select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '||'''/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(member,instr(member,'/','-1')+1)||''''||';' from v$logfile;

#数据文件：修改语句查询：

SQL> select 'set newname for datafile '||file#||' to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/','-1')+1)||'";' from v$datafile;

#使用的是最新的控制文件，经过发现，有记录新的数据文件名称：

RMAN> run{

set newname for datafile 1 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/users01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 5 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/example01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 6 to "/u02/app/oracle/oradata/jiu/ceshi.dbf";

restore database;

switch datafile all;

}

#测试没有块跟踪文件，是否可以open库

RMAN> recover database;

#在缺失块跟踪文件中，recover会话恢复断开：无法继续

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/arch/201804140hsv2uic_1_1.bk

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/arch/201804140hsv2uic_1_1.bk tag=TAG20180330T111315

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

archive log filename=/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_8_971921498.dbf thread=1 sequence=8

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover logfile '/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_8_971921498.dbf'

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-19755: could not open change tracking file

ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/blk.trc'

#不用想了

]$ scp blk.trc 192.168.20.55:/home/oracle/rman/block_trc/.

#有条件的情况下，恢复到了最后一个22号

RMAN> recover database;

archive log filename=/home/oracle/rman/arch/1_22_971921498.dbf thread=1 sequence=22

unable to find archive log

archive log thread=1 sequence=23

RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 23 lowscn 603484

SQL> select sequence#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from V$ARCHIVED_LOG order by NEXT_CHANGE# ;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------- ------------

7 598918 599018

8 599018 603069

9 603069 603071

10 603071 603080

@@@@省略9个归档文件

20 603400 603454

21 603454 603470

22 603470 603484

#查询测试的表空间的create change#号

SQL> select name,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile;

/home/oracle/ceshi.dbf

602971

#查询验证：之前recover database,恢复中断，因为缺少块跟踪文件，无法恢复，而断点在create tablespace SCN时的归档日志

猜测：检测读取归档日志，读取到序列号8，发现有创建表空间的动作，缺少块跟踪文件，无法恢复

#OPEN数据库：无法直接open

#RMAN> alter database open;

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

#照常，修改临时表空间---

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