运维之道 | Nginx+Tomcat 动静分离实战

Nginx + Tomcat动静分离实战Nginx

动静分离简单来说是把动态跟静态请求分开，但不能理解成只是单纯地把动态页面和静态页面物理分离。严格意义上说应该是动态请求跟静态请求分开，可以理解成使用 Nginx 处理静态页面、Tomcat、Resin、PHP、ASP 处理动态页面。

动静分离从实现角度来讲大致分为两种：一种是纯粹地把静态文件独立成单独的域名，放在独立的服务器上，也是目前主流推崇的方案；另外一种方法就是动态跟静态文件混合在一起发布，通过 Nginx 来分开。

Nginx动静分离场景实践

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环境准备

系统	服务	服务	IP
CentOS7.5	负载均衡	Nginx Proxy	192.168.146.132
CentOS7.5	静态资源	Nginx Static	192.168.146.133
CentOS7.5	动态资源	Tomcat Server	192.168.146.134

1、在`192.168.146.133`服务器上配置静态资源

[root@localhost html]# rz 
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring nginx.jpg...
nginx.jpg was skipped

[root@localhost html]# ls
nginx.jpg

修改静态配置文件

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
#############################################
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
#############################################
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
#############################################
    location ~*.*\.(png|jpg|gif)$ {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
#############################################
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
        }
    }
}

检查配置文件是否正确，并重载数据

[root@#localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@#localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问静态资源

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2、在`192.168.146.134`服务器上配置动态资源

将java.jsp文件导入发布目录中

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<HTML>
    <HEAD>
        <TITLE>JSP Test Page</TITLE>
    </HEAD>
    <BODY>
      <%
        Random rand = new Random();
        out.println("<h1>Random number:</h1>");
	    out.println("<h1>刷新数字即可变化</h1>");
        out.println(rand.nextInt(99)+100);
      %>
    </BODY>
</HTML>

重启Tomcat服务

[root@localhost ROOT]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

测试访问动态资源

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3、在负载均衡`192.168.146.132`上配置调度, 实现访问jsp和png

未进行动静分离配置访问状态

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配置域名

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.146.132  www.zwl.com

动静分离配置

[root@localhost nginx]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
################################################
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
################# `upstream` ###################
upstream static {
        server 192.168.146.133:80;
}

upstream java {
        server 192.168.146.134:8080;
}
################################################
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.zwl.com;
       
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
################# `proxy_pass` ##################
        location ~* .*\.(png|jpg|gif)$ {
            proxy_pass http://static;
        }

        location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
            proxy_pass http://java;
        }
        }
#################################################
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

检查配置文件是否正确，并刷新数据

[root@#localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@#localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload