1.添加maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
2.单元测试公共基础类
纯PowerMock测试（不加载SpringContext）
import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PowerMockIgnore; import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner; /** * PowerMock测试基类 * * @author luohq * @date 2018/6/20. */ @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) //使用PowerMockRunner运行时 @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*"}) //忽略一些mock异常 public class BasePowerMock { }
PowerMock+Springboot测试（加载SpringContext）
import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PowerMockIgnore; import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner; import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunnerDelegate; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; /** * PowerMock测试基类 * * @author luohq * @date 2018/6/20. */ @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class) @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*"})//, "javax.net.ssl.*" @SpringBootTest public class BasePowerMock { }
3.具体单元测试
纯PowerMock测试（不加载SpringContext）
import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.BasePowerMock; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.model.vo.battery.BatteryPackPageVo; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.service.BatteryPackService; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.util.MxHttpRespUtility; import org.junit.Test; import org.mockito.InjectMocks; import org.mockito.Mock; import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils; import java.util.ArrayList; import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue; import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; /** * 电池Controller - 单元测试 * * @Ahthor luohq * @Date 2019-08-27 */ public class BatteryControllerTest extends BasePowerMock { @Mock private BatteryPackService batteryPackService; @InjectMocks private BatteryController batteryController = new BatteryController(); @Test public void getBatteryList() { /** 构造参数 */ BatteryPackPageVo batteryPackPageVo = new BatteryPackPageVo(); batteryPackPageVo.setPage(1); batteryPackPageVo.setRows(10); batteryPackPageVo.setOemId("300505"); /** 录制mock操作 */ when(batteryPackService.listPage(any())) .thenReturn(new ArrayList<>()) .thenThrow(new RuntimeException("测试异常")); /** 执行操作 */ //（1）执行mock查询操作 Object result = batteryController.getBatteryList(batteryPackPageVo); assertTrue(MxHttpRespUtility.isSuccessResp(result)); //（2）执行mock操作，抛出异常 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(batteryController, "batteryPackService", batteryPackService); result = batteryController.getBatteryList(batteryPackPageVo); assertTrue(!MxHttpRespUtility.isSuccessResp(result)); verify(batteryPackService, times(2)).listPage(batteryPackPageVo); } }
PowerMock+Springboot测试（加载SpringContext）
import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.BasePowerMock; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.model.vo.battery.BatteryPackPageVo; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.service.BatteryPackService; import com.mx.service.vehicle.parts.util.MxHttpRespUtility; import org.junit.Test; import org.mockito.Mock; import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils; import javax.annotation.Resource; import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue; import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; /** * 电池Controller - 单元测试 * * @Ahthor luohq * @Date 2019-08-27 */ public class BatteryControllerTest2 extends BasePowerMock { @Mock private BatteryPackService batteryPackService; @Resource private BatteryController batteryController; @Test public void getBatteryList() { /** 构造参数 */ BatteryPackPageVo batteryPackPageVo = new BatteryPackPageVo(); batteryPackPageVo.setPage(1); batteryPackPageVo.setRows(10); batteryPackPageVo.setOemId("300505"); /** 录制mock操作 */ when(batteryPackService.listPage(any())) .thenThrow(new RuntimeException("测试异常")); /** 执行操作 */ //（1）执行实际查询操作 Object result = batteryController.getBatteryList(batteryPackPageVo); assertTrue(MxHttpRespUtility.isSuccessResp(result)); //（2）执行mock操作，抛出异常 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(batteryController, "batteryPackService", batteryPackService); result = batteryController.getBatteryList(batteryPackPageVo); assertTrue(!MxHttpRespUtility.isSuccessResp(result)); verify(batteryPackService, times(1)).listPage(batteryPackPageVo); } }
4.生成cobertura测试覆盖率报告
maven插件
<build>
<finalName>dev_web_template</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin><plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<!-- 默认3.8，回退到3.6.1，否则报异常： -->
<!-- Unable to instrument file .../someClass.class -->
<!-- java.lang.RuntimeException -->
<!-- at org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor.visitParameter(Unknown Source) -->
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin></plugins>
</build>
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
执行mvn cobertura:cobertura
在target目录下：target->site->cobertura->index.html
通过浏览器查看该index.html文件，即可得到统计结果：
注：在使用cobertura进行springboot测试时，由于springboot项目中排除了对logback的依赖，引入了log4j框架，在执行cobertura命令时，springboot上下文环境一直启动不起来，报如下错误：
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ dev-springboot-template ---
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.mx.server.dev.TestServiceTest
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/maven_reposity/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.11.2/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.11.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/maven_reposity/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
2019-08-27 19:21:57.737 ERROR [main][TestContextManager.java:250] - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@7a8fa663] to prepare test instance [com.mx.server.dev.TestServiceTest@5ce33a58]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
......
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath. Either remove Logback or the competing implementation (class org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory loaded from file:/D:/maven_reposity/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.11.2/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.11.2.jar). If you are using WebLogic you will need to add 'org.slf4j' to prefer-application-packages in WEB-INF/weblogic.xml: org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory
......
[ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.005 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.mx.server.dev.TestServiceTest
[ERROR] testSayHi(com.mx.server.dev.TestServiceTest) Time elapsed: 0.001 s <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath. Either remove Logback or the competing implementation (class org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory loaded from file:/D:/maven_reposity/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.11.2/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.11.2.jar). If you are using WebLogic you will need to add 'org.slf4j' to prefer-application-packages in WEB-INF/weblogic.xml: org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory
问题分析：
虽然springboot依赖中已显式排除掉了对logback的依赖（如下），
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <!--删除logback配置--> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--集成log4j2--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId> </dependency>
但是plugin中cobertura-maven-plugin中引入了logback依赖（cobertura-maven-plugin->cobertura 2.1.1->logback）；
解决方法：
在dependencyManagement中显式声明cobertura，并删除其依赖的logback-classic;
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- 删除依赖cobertura-maven-plugin->cobertura 2.1.1->logback --> <!-- 解决执行cobertura:cobertura 日志加载失败（logback, log4j冲突）问题 --> <dependency> <groupId>net.sourceforge.cobertura</groupId> <artifactId>cobertura</artifactId> <version>2.1.1</version> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement>
5.多module统一报告
结合Ant，参考链接：http://www.thinkcode.se/blog/2012/02/18/test-coverage-in-a-multi-module-maven-project
