前言： 前段时间整理了进阶之光的知识点，本次紧接着上次继续整理…
六、View的事件分发机制
老规矩，书上的排版不错，还是按书上的来。
6.1源码解析Activity的构成
先看一下平时创建一个活动自动为我们添加的setContentView()方法：
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}那么getWindow()是什么呢？
public Window getWindow(){
return mWindow;
}原来返回了一个mWindow,那这个又是什么呢？继续看：
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
Window window, ActivityConfigCallback activityConfigCallback) {
attachBaseContext(context);
mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/);
//这里这里
mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);
......
}原来是new了一个PhoneWindow，顾名思义，就是手机屏幕的视图。
接着我深入PhoneWindow的setContentView()方法：
@Override
public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
view.setLayoutParams(params);
final Scene newScene = new Scene(mContentParent, view);
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mContentParent.addView(view, params);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}我们再看看installDecor()方法：
private void installDecor() {
mForceDecorInstall = false;
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
}
} else {
mDecor.setWindow(this);
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
......接着我们再看generateDecor(-1)方法：
protected DecorView generateDecor(){
return new DecorView(getContext(),-1);
}这里终于我们看见了一个实例的创建，并且DecorView就是Activity中的根View。接着查看源码，发现DecorView是PhoneView类的内部类，并且继承了FrameLayout。
再看下generateLayout(mDecor)的代码：
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
......
//下面是不同的情况加载不同的布局给layoutResource
int layoutResource;
int features = getLocalFeatures();
// System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
setCloseOnSwipeEnabled(true);
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
// System.out.println("Title Icons!");
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0
&& (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) {
// Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
// XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress;
// System.out.println("Progress!");
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
// Special case for a window with a custom title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
// If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) {
layoutResource = a.getResourceId(
R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout,
R.layout.screen_action_bar);
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;
}
......
return contentParent;
}因为源代码非常非常长，这里只显示可以说问题的，内容是根据不同情况进行加载不同布局给layoutResource。
所以Activity的构成如下图，我们平常做应用所写的布局正是展示在ContentView中的，而DecorView是一个应用窗口的根View。
6.2 源码解析View的事件分发机制
点击事件的事件分发后，会执行三个方法：
- dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)——用来进行事件的分发。
- onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)——用来进行事件的拦截，在dispatchTouchEvent方法中进行调用。
- onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)——用来处理点击事件，在dispatchTouchEvent()方法中进行调用
| 类型 | 相关方法 | Activity | ViewGroup | View |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 事件分发 | dispatchTouchEvent | √ | √ | √ |
| 事件拦截 | onInterceptTouchEvent | X | √ | X |
| 事件消费 | onTouchEvent | √ | √ | √ |
大概阐述完这些方法之后，我们就来看看源码把，先从ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法开始分析：
@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
......
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
// Check for interception.
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
intercepted = true;
}
......
return handled;首先判断事件是否为DOWN事件，如果是，则进行初始化，调用resetTouchState()，会把mFirstTouchTarget设置为null。我们看看如何实现的：
resetTouchState()源码：
private void resetTouchState() {
clearTouchTargets();
resetCancelNextUpFlag(this);
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
mNestedScrollAxes = SCROLL_AXIS_NONE;
}我们看到了clearTouchTargets()这个方法，点进去看看：
private void clearTouchTargets() {
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
if (target != null) {
do {
TouchTarget next = target.next;
target.recycle();
target = next;
} while (target != null);
mFirstTouchTarget = null;
}
}我们看见了mFirstTouchTarget = null，所以就是这里把mFirstTouchTarget设置为了null。
那么为什么要这么做呢？因为一个完整的事件序列是以DOWN开始的，以UP结束的。所以如果是DOWN事件，说明开始了一个新的事件，所以要初始化之前的状态。
mFirstTouchTarget的意义是：当前ViewGroup是否拦截了事件，如果拦截了，mFirstTouchTarget = null；
如果没有拦截并且交给子View来处理，则mFirstTouchTarget ！= null。
拦截时：
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null)判断为false，如果触发了MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN事件，则会执行onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)方法
如果触发了MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE、ACTION_UP事件，则直接执行
else {
intercepted = true;
}此后的一个事件序列均由这个ViewGroup处理。所以onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)方法并不是每次都调用的。
接下来查看onInterceptTouchEvent()方法：
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.isFromSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_MOUSE)
&& ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
&& ev.isButtonPressed(MotionEvent.BUTTON_PRIMARY)
&& isOnScrollbarThumb(ev.getX(), ev.getY())) {
return true;
}
return false;
}我们可以发现onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)方法默认返回false，不进行拦截。
然后我看看dispatchTouchEvent()方法剩下的部分源码：
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
preorderedList, children, childIndex);
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
......上面的代码首先遍历ViewGroup的子元素，判断子元素是否能够接收到点击事件，如果子元素能够接收到点击事件，则交由子元素来处理。接下来看下dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法做了什么：
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
final boolean handled;
final int oldAction = event.getAction();
if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
if (child == null) {
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
} else {
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
event.setAction(oldAction);
return handled;
}
......如果有子View，则调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent（event）方法。如果ViewGroup没有子View，则调用super.dispatchTouchEvent(event)
我们看下View的dispatchTouchEvent(event):
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
boolean result = false;
......
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
result = true;
}
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
......
return result;
}如果mOnTouchListener != null并且mOnTouchListener.onTouch()方法返回true，则表示事件被消费，就不会执行onTouchEvent(event)。看看onTouchEvent方法的部分源代码：
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final float x = event.getX();
final float y = event.getY();
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
final int action = event.getAction();
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
|| (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
|| (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
return clickable;
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
handleTooltipUp();
}
if (!clickable) {
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
mInContextButtonPress = false;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
}
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
setPressed(true, x, y);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
removeLongPressCallback();
if (!focusTaken) {
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
performClick();
}
}
......
}只要View的CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE有一个为true，那么onTouchEvent()就会返回true消耗这个事件。CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE代表View可以被点击和长按点击，可以通过View的setClickable和setLongClickable方法来设置，也可以通过View的setOnClickListenter和setOnLongClickListenter来设置，它们会自动将View设置为CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE。
在MotionEvent.ACTION_UP调用performClick()方法：
public boolean performClick() {
final boolean result;
final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
result = true;
} else {
result = false;
}
sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
return result;
}七、View的工作流程
View的工作流程，指的是measure、layout和draw。其中measure用来测量View的宽和高，layout用来确定View的位置，draw则用来绘制View。
7.1 理解MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec是View的内部类，其封装了一个View的规格尺寸，包括View的宽和高的信息。
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
/** @hide */
@IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
}
size += delta;
if (size < 0) {
Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
size = 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
else if (mode == EXACTLY)
sb.append("EXACTLY ");
else if (mode == AT_MOST)
sb.append("AT_MOST ");
else
sb.append(mode).append(" ");
sb.append(size);
return sb.toString();
}
}MeasureSpec的常量可以看出，SpecMode指的是测量模式，SpecSize指的是测量大小。
SpecMode有3种模式：
- UNSPECIFIED: 未指定模式，View想多大就多大，父容器不做限制，一般用于系统内部的测量。
- AT_MOST：最大模式，对应wrap_content属性，子View的最终大小是父View指定的SpecSize值，并且子View的大小不能大于这个值。
- EXACTLY：精确模式，对于match_parent属性和具体的数值，父容器测量出View所需要的大小，也就是SpecSize的值。
7.2 View的measure流程
流程分为View和ViewGroup的measure流程
View的measure流程
首先看一下View的onMeasure方法：
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}接着查看setMeasuredDimension方法：
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}再看看getDefaultSize()方法处理了什么:
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}getDefaultSize的两个参数值都是从getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec，getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec中获取。
getSuggestedMinimumHeight()方法如下:
protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
}Drawable类的getMinimumWidth()和setMinimumWidth(int minWidth)方法：
public int getMinimumHeight() {
final int intrinsicHeight = getIntrinsicHeight();
return intrinsicHeight > 0 ? intrinsicHeight : 0;
}
public void setMinimumWidth(int minWidth){
mMinWidth = minWidth;
requestLayout();
}ViewGroup的measure流程
ViewGroup中没有定义onMeasure方法，但是定义了measureChildren()方法:
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}遍历子元素并调用measureChild方法：
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}调用child.getLayoutParams()方法来获取子元素的LayoutParams属性，获取子元素的MeasureSpec，并调用子元素measure()方法进行测量。
getChildMeasureSpec方法如下：
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
我们现在来看看ViewGroup的子类LinearLayout的measure流程，先看看onMeasure方法：
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}如果垂直方向则调用measureVertical方法，否则就调用measureHorizontal方法
接着分析垂直measureVertical()方法的部分源码：
void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
mTotalLength = 0;
......
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
nonSkippedChildCount++;
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;
}
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
totalWeight += lp.weight;
final boolean useExcessSpace = lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0;
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && useExcessSpace) {
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
skippedMeasure = true;
} else {
if (useExcessSpace) {
lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
}
final int usedHeight = totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0;
measureChildBeforeLayout(child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0,
heightMeasureSpec, usedHeight);
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
if (useExcessSpace) {
lp.height = 0;
consumedExcessSpace += childHeight;
}
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
if (useLargestChild) {
largestChildHeight = Math.max(childHeight, largestChildHeight);
}
}
if ((baselineChildIndex >= 0) && (baselineChildIndex == i + 1)) {
mBaselineChildTop = mTotalLength;
}
if (i < baselineChildIndex && lp.weight > 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("A child of LinearLayout with index "
+ "less than mBaselineAlignedChildIndex has weight > 0, which "
+ "won't work. Either remove the weight, or don't set "
+ "mBaselineAlignedChildIndex.");
}
boolean matchWidthLocally = false;
if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
matchWidth = true;
matchWidthLocally = true;
}
final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
if (lp.weight > 0)
weightedMaxWidth = Math.max(weightedMaxWidth,
matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
} else {
alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
}
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
if (nonSkippedChildCount > 0 && hasDividerBeforeChildAt(count)) {
mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;
}
if (useLargestChild &&
(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) {
mTotalLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)
child.getLayoutParams();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + largestChildHeight +
lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
}
}
mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
int heightSize = mTotalLength;这里定义了mTotalLength用来存储LinearLayout在垂直方向的高度，然后遍历子元素，根据子元素的MeasureSpec模式分别计算每个子元素的高度。如果是WRAP_CONTENT，则将每个子元素的高度和margin垂直高度等值相加并赋值mTotalLength。当然，最后还要加上垂直方向padding的值。
7.3 View的layout流程
layout方法的作用是确定元素的位置。ViewGroup中的layout方法用来确定子元素的位置，View中的layout方法则用来确定自身的位置。
首先看看View的layout方法：
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
if (shouldDrawRoundScrollbar()) {
if(mRoundScrollbarRenderer == null) {
mRoundScrollbarRenderer = new RoundScrollbarRenderer(this);
}
} else {
mRoundScrollbarRenderer = null;
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT) != 0) {
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT;
notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
}
}layout方法的4个参数分别是View从左、上、右、下相对于其父布局的距离。接着来查看setFrame方法里做了什么：
protected boolean setFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
boolean changed = false;
if (DBG) {
Log.d("View", this + " View.setFrame(" + left + "," + top + ","
+ right + "," + bottom + ")");
}
if (mLeft != left || mRight != right || mTop != top || mBottom != bottom) {
changed = true;
int drawn = mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWN;
int oldWidth = mRight - mLeft;
int oldHeight = mBottom - mTop;
int newWidth = right - left;
int newHeight = bottom - top;
boolean sizeChanged = (newWidth != oldWidth) || (newHeight != oldHeight);
invalidate(sizeChanged);
mLeft = left;
mTop = top;
mRight = right;
mBottom = bottom;
mRenderNode.setLeftTopRightBottom(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom);
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS;
if (sizeChanged) {
sizeChange(newWidth, newHeight, oldWidth, oldHeight);
}
if ((mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || mGhostView != null) {
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWN;
invalidate(sizeChanged);
invalidateParentCaches();
}
mPrivateFlags |= drawn;
mBackgroundSizeChanged = true;
mDefaultFocusHighlightSizeChanged = true;
if (mForegroundInfo != null) {
mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged = true;
}
notifySubtreeAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded();
}
return changed;
}setFrame方法用传进来的 left, top，right, bottom分别初始化mleft, mtop，mright, mbottom这4个值，这样就确定了该View在父容器中的位置了。在调用了setFrame方法后，会调用onLayout方法：
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {}onLayout本身就是一个空方法，它需要我们在子类中去实现，这一点和onMeasure方法相似。
因为确定位置时要根据不同的控件有不同的实现，在View和ViewGroup中均没有实现方法。
所以要进一步了解onLayout的实现我们需要查看View和ViewGroup的子类，我们来看LinearLayout的onLayout方法
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}和LinearLayout的onMeasure方法相似，根据方向来调用不同的方法。我们也是来看看layoutVertical方法：
void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
final int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
int childTop;
int childLeft;
final int width = right - left;
int childRight = width - mPaddingRight;
int childSpace = width - paddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
final int majorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int minorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
switch (majorGravity) {
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
childTop = mPaddingTop + bottom - top - mTotalLength;
break;
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = mPaddingTop + (bottom - top - mTotalLength) / 2;
break;
case Gravity.TOP:
default:
childTop = mPaddingTop;
break;
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity < 0) {
gravity = minorGravity;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
break;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
//遍历子元素调用setChildFrame方法，其中childTop值是不断累加的。
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}接着来看下setChildFrame方法：
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}
我们发现，在方法中调用子元素的layout方法来确定自己的位置。
7.4 View的draw流程
绘制背景
绘制背景调用了View的drawBackground方法：
private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {
final Drawable background = mBackground;
if (background == null) {
return;
}
setBackgroundBounds();
if (canvas.isHardwareAccelerated() && mAttachInfo != null
&& mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer != null) {
mBackgroundRenderNode = getDrawableRenderNode(background, mBackgroundRenderNode);
final RenderNode renderNode = mBackgroundRenderNode;
if (renderNode != null && renderNode.isValid()) {
setBackgroundRenderNodeProperties(renderNode);
((DisplayListCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
return;
}
}
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}绘制View的内容
View的onDraw方法，这个方法是一个空实现，因为不同的View有着不同的内容，这个需要我们自己去实现：
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {}绘制子View
这个方法也是一个空方法：
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {}ViewGroup重写了这个方法，紧接着看看ViewGroup的dispatchDraw方法：
@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
......
for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
//调用drawChild方法
more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
}
transientIndex++;
if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
transientIndex = -1;
}
}
......
}这里截取了关键的bufe，在dispatchDraw方法中对子类View进行遍历，并调用drawChild方法：
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
onDrawForeground(canvas);
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
return;
}主要调用了View的draw方法，代码很长，我只贴出重点的
if (!drawingWithDrawingCache) {
if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
((DisplayListCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
} else {
// Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
dispatchDraw(canvas);
} else {
draw(canvas);
}
}
} else if (cache != null) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_NONE || mLayerPaint == null) {
// no layer paint, use temporary paint to draw bitmap
Paint cachePaint = parent.mCachePaint;
if (cachePaint == null) {
cachePaint = new Paint();
cachePaint.setDither(false);
parent.mCachePaint = cachePaint;
}
cachePaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * 255));
canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, cachePaint);
} else {
// use layer paint to draw the bitmap, merging the two alphas, but also restore
int layerPaintAlpha = mLayerPaint.getAlpha();
if (alpha < 1) {
mLayerPaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * layerPaintAlpha));
}
canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, mLayerPaint);
if (alpha < 1) {
mLayerPaint.setAlpha(layerPaintAlpha);
}
}
}if (!drawingWithDrawingCache)判断是否有缓存，如果没有则正常绘制，如果有则利用缓存显示。
绘制装饰
绘制装饰的方法为View的onDrawForeground方法：
public void onDrawForeground(Canvas canvas) {
onDrawScrollIndicators(canvas);
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
final Drawable foreground = mForegroundInfo != null ? mForegroundInfo.mDrawable : null;
if (foreground != null) {
if (mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged) {
mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged = false;
final Rect selfBounds = mForegroundInfo.mSelfBounds;
final Rect overlayBounds = mForegroundInfo.mOverlayBounds;
if (mForegroundInfo.mInsidePadding) {
selfBounds.set(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
} else {
selfBounds.set(getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop(),
getWidth() - getPaddingRight(), getHeight() - getPaddingBottom());
}
final int ld = getLayoutDirection();
Gravity.apply(mForegroundInfo.mGravity, foreground.getIntrinsicWidth(),
foreground.getIntrinsicHeight(), selfBounds, overlayBounds, ld);
foreground.setBounds(overlayBounds);
}
foreground.draw(canvas);
}
}八、自定义View
8.1 继承系统控件的自定义View
一般情况下在onDraw()方法中进行处理。
一般只需实现3个构造方法，并且实现onDraw()
8.2 继承View的自定义View
不仅仅要实现onDraw()方法，而且在实现过程中还要考虑到wrap_content属性以及padding属性的设置；为了方便配置自己的自定义View，还会对外提供自定义的属性。另外，如果要改变触控的逻辑，还要重写onTouchEvent()等触控事件的方法。
例如我们自定义一个正方形：
简单继承
public class RectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
private int mColor = Color.RED;
public RectView(Context context) {
super(context);
initDraw();
}
public RectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initDraw();
}
public RectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
initDraw();
}
private void initDraw() {
mPaint.setColor(mColor);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth((float) 1.5);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
int width = getWidth();
int height = getHeight();
canvas.drawRect(0,0,width,height,mPaint);
}
}对padding属性进行处理：
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
int width = getWidth() - paddingLeft - paddingRight;
int height = getHeight() - paddingBottom -paddingTop;
canvas.drawRect(0 + paddingLeft,0+paddingTop,width+paddingLeft,height+paddingTop,mPaint);
}对wrap_content属性进行处理
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSpectMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSpectMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSpectSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSpectSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
if(widthMeasureSpec == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST&& heightSpectMode==MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(400,400);
}else if(widthSpectMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(400,heightSpectSize);
}else if(heightSpectMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(widthSpectSize,400);
}
}自定义属性
在values目录下创建attrs.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="RectView">
<attr name="rect_color" format="color"/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>定义rect_color为属性名的属性，它的格式为color。然后在RectView的构造方法中解析自定义属性的值
public RectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
TypedArray mTypedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.RectView);
//提取RectView属性集合的rect_color属性。如果没设置，默认值为Color.RED
mColor = mTypedArray.getColor(R.styleable.RectView_rect_color,Color.RED);
//获取资源后要及时回收
mTypedArray.recycle();
initDraw();
}在XML中定义我自定义的属性
app:rect_color="@android:color/holo_blue_light"完整代码如下：
public class RectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
private int mColor = Color.RED;
public RectView(Context context) {
super(context);
initDraw();
}
public RectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
TypedArray mTypedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.RectView);
mColor = mTypedArray.getColor(R.styleable.RectView_rect_color,Color.RED);
mTypedArray.recycle();
initDraw();
}
public RectView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
initDraw();
}
private void initDraw() {
mPaint.setColor(mColor);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth((float) 1.5);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSpectMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSpectMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSpectSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSpectSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
if(widthMeasureSpec == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST&& heightSpectMode==MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(400,400);
}else if(widthSpectMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(400,heightSpectSize);
}else if(heightSpectMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(widthSpectSize,400);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
int width = getWidth() - paddingLeft - paddingRight;
int height = getHeight() - paddingBottom -paddingTop;
canvas.drawRect(0 + paddingLeft,0+paddingTop,width+paddingLeft,height+paddingTop,mPaint);
}
}