一、问题提出

- 当我们对上面的二叉树进行中序遍历时,数列为{8,3,10,1,6,14}
- 但是6,8,10,14这几个节点的左右指针(红色箭头),并没有完全的利用上
- 如果我们希望充分的利用各个节点的左右指针,并且让各个节点可以指向自己的前后节点,怎么办?
二、线索二叉树基本介绍
- n个节点的二叉链表中含有n+1个空指针域。利用二叉链表中的空指针域,存放指向该节点在某种遍历次序下的前驱和后继节点的指针,这种附加的指针称为“线索”
- 这种加上了线索的二叉链表称为线索链表,相应的二叉树成为线索二叉树(Threaded BinaryTree)。根据线索性质的不同,线索二叉树可分为前序线索二叉树、中序线索二叉树和后序线索二叉树三种
- 一个节点的前一个节点,称为前驱节点
- 一个节点的后一个节点,称为后继节点
三、线索二叉树应用案例

- left指向的是左子树,也可能指向的是前驱节点,比如“Tom”节点left指向的左子树,而“king”节点指向的就是前驱节点
- right指向的是右子树,也可能指向后继节点,比如“Tom”节点right指向的是右子树,而“king”节点的right指向的是后继节点
四、中序线索化二叉树代码实现
package Tree.ThreadedBinaryTree;
public class ThreadedBinaryTreeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HeroNode root = new HeroNode(1, "tom");
HeroNode node2 = new HeroNode(3, "jack");
HeroNode node3 = new HeroNode(6, "smith");
HeroNode node4 = new HeroNode(8, "mary");
HeroNode node5 = new HeroNode(10, "king");
HeroNode node6 = new HeroNode(14, "dim");
root.setLeft(node2);
root.setRight(node3);
node2.setLeft(node4);
node2.setRight(node5);
node3.setLeft(node6);
ThreadedBinaryTree threadedBinaryTree = new ThreadedBinaryTree();
threadedBinaryTree.setRoot(root);
threadedBinaryTree.threadedNodes();
HeroNode leftNode = node5.getLeft();
HeroNode rightNode = node5.getRight();
System.out.println("10号结点的前驱结点是=" + leftNode);
System.out.println("10号结点的后继结点是=" + rightNode);
System.out.println("使用线索化的方式遍历线索化二叉树");
threadedBinaryTree.threadedList();
}
}
class ThreadedBinaryTree {
private HeroNode root;
private HeroNode pre = null;
public void setRoot(HeroNode root) {
this.root = root;
}
public void threadedNodes() {
this.threadedNodes(root);
}
public void threadedList() {
HeroNode node = root;
while (node != null) {
while (node.getLeftType() == 0){
node = node.getLeft();
}
System.out.println(node);
while (node.getRightType() == 1) {
node = node.getRight();
System.out.println(node);
}
node = node.getRight();
}
}
public void threadedNodes(HeroNode node) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
threadedNodes(node.getLeft());
if (node.getLeft() == null) {
node.setLeft(pre);
node.setLeftType(1);
}
if (pre != null && pre.getRight() == null) {
pre.setRight(node);
pre.setRightType(1);
}
pre = node;
threadedNodes(node.getRight());
}
public void delNode(int no) {
if (root != null) {
if (root.getNo() == no) {
root = null;
} else {
root.delNode(no);
}
} else {
System.out.println("空树,不能删除~");
}
}
public void preOrder() {
if (this.root != null) {
this.root.preOrder();
} else {
System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
}
}
public void infixOrder() {
if (this.root != null) {
this.root.infixOrder();
} else {
System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
}
}
public void postOrder() {
if (this.root != null) {
this.root.postOrder();
} else {
System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
}
}
public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
if (root != null) {
return root.preOrderSearch(no);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
if (root != null) {
return root.infixOrderSearch(no);
} else {
return null;
}
}
public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
if (root != null) {
return this.root.postOrderSearch(no);
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
class HeroNode {
private int no;
private String name;
private HeroNode left;
private HeroNode right;
private int leftType;
private int rightType;
public int getLeftType() {
return leftType;
}
public void setLeftType(int leftType) {
this.leftType = leftType;
}
public int getRightType() {
return rightType;
}
public void setRightType(int rightType) {
this.rightType = rightType;
}
public HeroNode(int no, String name) {
this.no = no;
this.name = name;
}
public int getNo() {
return no;
}
public void setNo(int no) {
this.no = no;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public HeroNode getLeft() {
return left;
}
public void setLeft(HeroNode left) {
this.left = left;
}
public HeroNode getRight() {
return right;
}
public void setRight(HeroNode right) {
this.right = right;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "HeroNode [no=" + no + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
public void delNode(int no) {
if (this.left != null && this.left.no == no) {
this.left = null;
return;
}
if (this.right != null && this.right.no == no) {
this.right = null;
return;
}
if (this.left != null) {
this.left.delNode(no);
}
if (this.right != null) {
this.right.delNode(no);
}
}
public void preOrder() {
System.out.println(this);
if (this.left != null) {
this.left.preOrder();
}
if (this.right != null) {
this.right.preOrder();
}
}
public void infixOrder() {
if (this.left != null) {
this.left.infixOrder();
}
System.out.println(this);
if (this.right != null) {
this.right.infixOrder();
}
}
public void postOrder() {
if (this.left != null) {
this.left.postOrder();
}
if (this.right != null) {
this.right.postOrder();
}
System.out.println(this);
}
public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
System.out.println("进入前序遍历");
if (this.no == no) {
return this;
}
HeroNode resNode = null;
if (this.left != null) {
resNode = this.left.preOrderSearch(no);
}
if (resNode != null) {
return resNode;
}
if (this.right != null) {
resNode = this.right.preOrderSearch(no);
}
return resNode;
}
public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
HeroNode resNode = null;
if (this.left != null) {
resNode = this.left.infixOrderSearch(no);
}
if (resNode != null) {
return resNode;
}
System.out.println("进入中序查找");
if (this.no == no) {
return this;
}
if (this.right != null) {
resNode = this.right.infixOrderSearch(no);
}
return resNode;
}
public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
HeroNode resNode = null;
if (this.left != null) {
resNode = this.left.postOrderSearch(no);
}
if (resNode != null) {
return resNode;
}
if (this.right != null) {
resNode = this.right.postOrderSearch(no);
}
if (resNode != null) {
return resNode;
}
System.out.println("进入后序查找");
if (this.no == no) {
return this;
}
return resNode;
}
}
五、代码运行结果
