Java中的布局管理
1． Java中的布局管理器经常用到的也就是三种（流布局管理器FlowLayout、边界布局管理器BorderLayout、网格布局管理器GridLayout），复杂的界面采用单一的布局管理器完成比较困难，一般（流布局管理器、边界布局管理器、网格布局管理器）三者相接合方式去完成。
2． 先在草图上完成所需要布局及组件，再确定采用哪种布局管理器更合理。
3． 一般情况下，先采用边界布局BorderLayout分区，再用网格布局GridLayout定位，后采用流式布局FlowLayout进行调整，对齐方式，水平，垂直方向间距.
4． 先将组件进行流布局FlowLayout加到面板中，再将流面板添加到网格布局GridLayout面板中，后将网格面板添加到边界GridLayout面板中。
5． 仔细阅读一下实例，对以后布局管理器应用有帮助。
6． 参考下面实例：
7． package SerailComm;
8． import java.awt.*;
9． import java.awt.font.*;
10． import javax.swing.*;
11． import java.awt.color.*;
12． import javax.swing.JComponent;
13． public class SerailComm extends JFrame{
14． public SerailComm(){
15． String[]port={"COM1","COM2","CO3","COM4","COM5","COM6","COM7","COM8","COM9","COM10"
16． ,"COM11","COM12","COM13","COM14","COM15"};
17． String[]baud={"2400","4800","9600","115200","384000"};
18． String[]data={"6","7","8"};
19． String[]xor={"0","1","2"};
20． String[]stop={"0","1","1.5","2"};
21． //定义标签
22． JLabel lb_port=newJLabel("端口号:");
23． JLabel lb_baud=newJLabel("波特率:");
24． JLabel lb_data=newJLabel("数据位:");
25． JLabel lb_xor=newJLabel("校验位:");
26． JLabel lb_stop=newJLabel("停止位:");
27． lb_port.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
28． lb_baud.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
29． lb_data.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
30． lb_xor.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
31． lb_stop.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
32．
33． //定义下拉列表框
34． JComboBox box_port=newJComboBox(port);
35． JComboBox box_baud=newJComboBox(baud);
36． JComboBox box_data=newJComboBox(data);
37． JComboBox box_xor=newJComboBox(xor);
38． JComboBox box_stop=newJComboBox(stop);
39． //定义面板
40．
41． //将北部面板定义为网格布局为1行1列
42． JPanel northPane = newJPanel();
43． northPane.setLayout(newGridLayout(1, 1));
44． //将定义左边的面板为网格布局为3行2列
45． JPanel leftPane = newJPanel();
46． leftPane.setOpaque(false);
47． leftPane.setLayout(newGridLayout(3, 2));
48． //定义流布局1
49． JPanel letflow = newJPanel();
50． FlowLayoutflowlayout1=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
51． letflow.setLayout(flowlayout1);
52． letflow.add(lb_port);
53． letflow.add(box_port);
54． //定义流布局2
55． JPanel lfpan = newJPanel();
56． FlowLayoutflowlayout2=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
57． lfpan.setLayout(flowlayout2);
58． lfpan.add(lb_baud);
59． lfpan.add(box_baud);
60． //定义流布局3
61． JPanel lfpan2= newJPanel();
62． FlowLayoutflowlayout3=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
63． lfpan2.setLayout(flowlayout3);
64． lfpan2.add(lb_data);
65． lfpan2.add(box_data);
66． //将3个流布局的面板，添加到3*2网格布局面板上
67． leftPane.add(letflow);
68． leftPane.add(lfpan);
69． leftPane.add(lfpan2);
70． //定义右边的面板为网格布局为3行2列
71． JPanel rightPane = newJPanel();
72． rightPane.setOpaque(false);
73． rightPane.setLayout(newGridLayout(3, 2));
74． //定义流布局1
75． JPanel rightpan1=newJPanel();
76． FlowLayoutrightflowlayout1 =new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
77． rightpan1.setLayout(rightflowlayout1);
78． rightpan1.add(lb_xor);
79． rightpan1.add(box_xor);
80． //定义流布2
81． JPanel rightpan2=newJPanel();
82． FlowLayoutrightflowlayout2 =new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
83． rightpan2.setLayout(rightflowlayout2);
84． rightpan2.add(lb_stop);
85． rightpan2.add(box_stop);
86． //定义流布局3
87． JPanel rightpan3=newJPanel();
88． FlowLayoutrightflowlayout3 =new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
89． rightpan2.setLayout(rightflowlayout3);
90． JButton openBt=newJButton("打开端口");
91． JButton closeBt=newJButton("关闭端口");
92． rightpan3.add(openBt);
93． rightpan3.add(closeBt);
94． //添加三个流布局面板到3*2网络面板上
95． rightPane.add(rightpan1);
96． rightPane.add(rightpan2);
97． rightPane.add(rightpan3);
98． //将左右面板添加到北边的面板上
99． northPane.add(leftPane);
100． northPane.add(rightPane);
101． //设置中间面板各组件
102． JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();
103． centerPane.setOpaque(false);
104． centerPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
105． //定义流布局面板1
106． JPanel cetpane1=new JPanel();
107． FlowLayout centerflow1=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,5);
108． cetpane1.setLayout(centerflow1);
109． JTextField sendTf = new JTextField(20);
110． JLabel sendMsgBtn = new JLabel(" 发送数据:");
111． cetpane1.add(sendMsgBtn);
112． cetpane1.add(sendTf);
113． //定义流布局面板2
114． JPanel cetpane2=new JPanel();
115． FlowLayout centerflow2=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,0);
116． cetpane2.setLayout(centerflow2);
117． JTextArea readTa = new JTextArea(2, 20);
118． readTa.setEditable(false);
119． readTa.setBackground(new Color(255,255, 255));
120． JLabel reviedRf=new JLabel("接收数据:");
121． cetpane2.add(reviedRf);
122． cetpane2.add(readTa);
123． centerPane.add(cetpane1);
124． centerPane.add(cetpane2);
125．
126． //底部布局
127． JPanel south =new JPanel();
128． south.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,2));
129． south.setOpaque(false);
130． //底部流布局
131． JPanel southpane=new JPanel();
132． FlowLayout souflow=new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,5,5);
133． southpane.setLayout(souflow);
134． JButton enter=new JButton("确认");
135． JButton esc =new JButton("退出");
136． southpane.add(enter);
137． southpane.add(esc);
138． south.add(southpane);
139． //获取容器组件
140． JPanel contentPane = (JPanel) getContentPane();
141． contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
142． contentPane.setOpaque(false);
143． contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);
144． contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
145． contentPane.add(south , BorderLayout.SOUTH);
146． }
147．
148． public static voidmain(String[] agrs){
149． SerailComm frame=new SerailComm();
150． frame.setSize(400, 300);
151． frame.setTitle("串行通信窗口");
152． frame.pack();
153． frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
154． frame.setVisible(true);
155． }
156． }
