深入理解Arrays.sort()

Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 方法用于对象数组按用户自定义规则排序.
官方Java文档只是简要描述此方法的作用,并未进行详细的介绍,本文将深入解析此方法。
1. 简单示例

sort方法的使用非常的简单明了,下面的例子中,先定义一个比较Dog大小的Comparator,然后将其实例对象作为参数传给sort方法,通过此示例,你应该能够快速掌握Arrays.sort()的使用方法。

    import java.util.Arrays;  
    import java.util.Comparator;  
       
    class Dog{  
        int size;     
        public Dog(int s){  
            size = s;  
        }  
    }  
       
    class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{  
       
        @Override  
        public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {  
            return o1.size - o2.size;  
        }  
    }  
       
    public class ArraySort {  
       
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            Dog d1 = new Dog(2);  
            Dog d2 = new Dog(1);  
            Dog d3 = new Dog(3);  
       
            Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};  
            printDogs(dogArray);  
       
            Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());   
            printDogs(dogArray);  
        }  
       
        public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){  
            for(Dog d: dogs)  
                System.out.print(d.size + " " );  
       
            System.out.println();  
        }  
    }  
    2 1 3  
    1 2 3  
2. 使用策略模式
这是策略模式( Strategy pattern )的一个完美又简洁的示例,值得一提的是为什么这种场景下适合使用策略模式.
总体来说,策略模式允许在程序执行时选择不同的算法.比如在排序时,传入不同的比较器(Comparator),就采用不同的算法.
根据上面的例子,假设你想要根据Dog的重量来进行排序,可以像下面这样,创建一个新的比较器来进行排序:

    class Dog{  
        int size;  
        int weight;  
       
        public Dog(int s, int w){  
            size = s;  
            weight = w;   
        }  
    }  
       
    class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{  
       
        @Override  
        public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {  
            return o1.size - o2.size;  
        }  
    }  
       
    class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{  
       
        @Override  
        public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {  
            return o1.weight - o2.weight;  
        }  
    }  
       
    public class ArraySort {  
       
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);  
            Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);  
            Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);  
       
            Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};  
            printDogs(dogArray);  
       
            Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());   
            printDogs(dogArray);  
       
            Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());     
            printDogs(dogArray);  
        }  
       
        public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){  
            for(Dog d: dogs)  
                System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");  
       
            System.out.println();  
        }  
    }  
    size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40  
    size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40  
    size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50  

Comparator 是一个接口,所以sort方法中可以传入任意实现了此接口的类的实例,这就是策略模式的主要思想.

3. 为何使用"super"
如果使用 "Comparator < T > c" 那是很简单易懂的,但是sort的第2个参数里面的 < ? super T > 意味着比较器所接受的类型可以是T或者它的超类. 为什么是超类呢? 答案是: 这允许使用同一个比较器对不同的子类对象进行比较.在下面的示例中很明显地演示了这一点:
    import java.util.Arrays;  
    import java.util.Comparator;  
       
    class Animal{  
        int size;  
    }  
       
    class Dog extends Animal{  
        public Dog(int s){  
            size = s;  
        }  
    }  
       
    class Cat extends Animal{  
        public Cat(int s){  
            size  = s;  
        }  
    }  
       
    class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{  
       
        @Override  
        public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {  
            return o1.size - o2.size;  
        }  
        //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.  
    }  
       
    public class ArraySort {  
       
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            Dog d1 = new Dog(2);  
            Dog d2 = new Dog(1);  
            Dog d3 = new Dog(3);  
       
            Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};  
            printDogs(dogArray);  
       
            Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());    
            printDogs(dogArray);  
       
            System.out.println();  
       
            //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used.   
            Cat c1 = new Cat(2);  
            Cat c2 = new Cat(1);  
            Cat c3 = new Cat(3);  
       
            Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};  
            printDogs(catArray);  
       
            Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());    
            printDogs(catArray);  
        }  
       
        public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){  
            for(Animal a: animals)  
                System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");  
       
            System.out.println();  
        }  
    }  
输出:
    size=2 size=1 size=3  
    size=1 size=2 size=3  
    size=2 size=1 size=3  
    size=1 size=2 size=3  
4. 小结
与Arrays.sort()相关的信息总结如下:
  1. 通用: super 类
  2. 策略设计模式(strategy pattern);
  3. 归并排序(merge sort): 时间复杂度 n*log(n);
  4. Java.util.Collections#sort(List < T > list, Comparator < ? super T > c)与Arrays.sort 使用类似的思想.




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转载自blog.csdn.net/hhgggggg/article/details/77862479
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