Spring的注解,带一小例子

这里使用Spring3.0+Hibernate3.3作为例子。

例子中的实体类也是用的Hibernate注解里的实体(上一篇Blog)

一、Spring的一些常用注解

1.@Autowired注解(不推荐使用,建议使用@Resource)

@Autowired可以对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作。@Autowired的标注位置不同,它们都会在Spring在初始化这个bean时,自动装配这个属性。

 

2.@Resource注解 

JSR-250标准注解,推荐使用它来代替Spring专有的@Autowired注解。@Resource的作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按byName自动注入罢了。@Resource有两个属性是比较重要的,分别是name和type,Spring将 @Resource注解的name属性解析为bean的名字,而type属性则解析为bean的类型。所以如果使用name属性,则使用byName的自动注入策略,而使用type属性时则使用byType自动注入策略。如果既不指定name也不指定type属性,这时将通过反射机制使用byName自动注入策略。

@Resource装配顺序:

a.如果同时指定了name和type,则从Spring上下文中找到唯一匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常

b.如果指定了name,则从上下文中查找名称(id)匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常

c.如果指定了type,则从上下文中找到类型匹配的唯一bean进行装配,找不到或者找到多个,都会抛出异常

d.如果既没有指定name,又没有指定type,则自动按照byName方式进行装配(见2);如果没有匹配,则回退为一个原始类型(UserDao)进行匹配,如果匹配则自动装配

 

3.@Component注解 (不推荐使用)

只需要在对应的类上加上一个@Component注解,就将该类定义为一个Bean了。Spring还提供了更加细化的注解形式:@Repository、@Service、@Controller,它们分别对应存储层Bean,业务层Bean,和展示层Bean。这些注解与@Component的语义是一样的,完全通用,在Spring以后的版本中可能会给它们追加更多的语义。所以,我们推荐使用@Repository、@Service、@Controller来替@Component。

 

二、Spring3.0的头部文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
	
</beans>

三、dao和daoImpl

dao:

package org.e276.dao;

import java.util.List;
import org.e276.entity.Employee;

/**
 * 接口
 * 
 * @author miao
 * 
 */
public interface EmployeeDao {

	/**
	 * 根据id查询员工
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id);

	/**
	 * 删除多个员工
	 * 
	 * @param ids
	 * @return
	 */
	public int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids);

	/**
	 * 查询所有的工资,并按升序排序
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Employee> findAllEmployees();

	/**
	 * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();

}

daoImpl:

package org.e276.dao.impl;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import org.e276.dao.EmployeeDao;
import org.e276.entity.Employee;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.criterion.DetachedCriteria;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * 接口实现类
 * 
 * @author miao
 * 
 */
@Repository("employeeDao")
public class EmployeeDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements EmployeeDao {

	/**
	 * 注入会话工厂,方法名字在可以随便起,给Spring用来注入
	 */
	@Autowired
	public void injectSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
		super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
	}

	@Override
	public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id) {
		return super.getHibernateTemplate().get(Employee.class, id);
	}

	@Override
	public int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids) {
		int count = 0;
		for (Integer id : ids) {
			super.getHibernateTemplate().bulkUpdate("delete from Employee where id=?", id);
			count++;
		}
		return count;
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@Override
	public List<Employee> findAllEmployees() {
		DetachedCriteria criteria = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Employee.class);
		criteria.addOrder((Order.asc("salary")));
		return super.getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(criteria);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
	@Override
	public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {
		return (List<Employee>) super.getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
			String sql = "select id, name, sex, salary, birthday, depart_id from employee where salary>(select avg(salary) from employee)";

			@Override
			public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
				Query query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(Employee.class);
				return query.list();
			}
		});
	}

}

 

四、biz和bizImpl

biz:

package org.e276.biz;

import java.util.List;
import org.e276.entity.Employee;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * 业务接口
 * 
 * @author miao
 * 
 */
public interface EmployeeBiz {

	/**
	 * 根据id查询员工
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id);

	/**
	 * 删除多个员工,支持注解事务
	 * 
	 * @param ids
	 * @return
	 */
	@Transactional
	public int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids);
	
	/**
	 * 查询所有的工资,并按升序排序
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Employee> findAllEmployees();
	
	/**
	 * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();
	
}

 

bizImpl:

package org.e276.biz.impl;

import java.util.List;
import org.e276.biz.EmployeeBiz;
import org.e276.dao.EmployeeDao;
import org.e276.entity.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * 业务接口实现类
 * @author miao
 *
 */
@Service("employeeBiz")
public class EmployeeBizImpl implements EmployeeBiz {

	//无需set方法
	@Autowired
	private EmployeeDao employeeDao;

	@Override
	public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id) {
		return employeeDao.findEmployeeById(id);
	}

	@Override
	public int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids) {
		return employeeDao.deleteEmployees(ids);
	}

	@Override
	public List<Employee> findAllEmployees() {
		return employeeDao.findAllEmployees();
	}

	@Override
	public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {
		return employeeDao.findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();
	}
	
}

 

五、Spring的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- 哪个包里面的类由Spring管理 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="org.e276" />
	<!-- 表示隐式的向Spring容器注册 -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	
	<!-- 会话工厂 -->
	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="file:src/hibernate.cfg.xml">
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory">
			<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 有关注解式事务的配置 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
	
</beans>

六、测试类

package org.e276.test;

import java.util.List;
import org.e276.biz.EmployeeBiz;
import org.e276.entity.Employee;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * 测试类
 * 
 * @author miao
 * 
 */
public class SpringEmployee {

	static ApplicationContext context;
	EmployeeBiz employeeBiz;

	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
		context = null;
	}

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		employeeBiz = context.getBean("employeeBiz", EmployeeBiz.class);
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		employeeBiz = null;
	}

	/**
	 * 根据id查询员工
	 */
	public void findEmployeeById() {
		Employee employee = employeeBiz.findEmployeeById(1000);
		System.out.println(employee);
	}

	/**
	 * 删除多条记录 删除编号50,100,150的员工
	 */
	public void deleteEmployees() {
		int row = employeeBiz.deleteEmployees(50, 100, 150);
		System.out.println("共" + row + "条记录被删除!");
	}

	/**
	 * 查询所有的员工,并按工资升序排序
	 */
	public void findAllEmployees() {
		List<Employee> list = employeeBiz.findAllEmployees();
		for (Employee employee : list) {
			System.out.println(employee);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息
	 */
	@Test
	public void findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {
		List<Employee> list = employeeBiz.findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();
		for (Employee employee : list) {
			System.out.println(employee);
		}
	}
}

七、demo

E276-Annotation.zip

猜你喜欢

转载自z18022893621.iteye.com/blog/1958358