1 ls命令
含义list
实例1 # ls 列出当前目录下的所有文件和目录的名称
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot data1 dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var实例2 #ls 路径 列出当前指定路径下的所有文件和目录的名称
[root@localhost /]# ls /var
adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp
cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool yp
实例3 #ls 列出当前指定路径下的所有文件和目录的名称 并且 以指令的格式显示。
#ls -l 表示以列表的形式展示
#ls -la
-l 表示以列表的形式展示。
a 显示所有文件和文件夹 包含隐藏文件和文件夹。
[root@localhost /]# ls /var -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 adm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 12:04 cache
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 7 2017 crash
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 May 18 08:53 db
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 12:04 empty
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 gopher
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 12:03 kerberos
drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 May 14 14:19 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 12:03 lock -> ../run/lock
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 May 22 15:10 log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 12:03 mail -> spool/mail
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 nis
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 opt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 preserve
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 12:03 run -> ../run
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 12:04 spool
drwxrwxrwt. 4 root root 165 May 22 15:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 yp
[root@localhost /]# ls -la /var
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 267 May 12 12:10 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 257 May 15 13:53 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 adm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 12:04 cache
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 7 2017 crash
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 May 18 08:53 db
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 12:04 empty
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 gopher
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 12:03 kerberos
drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 May 14 14:19 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 12:03 lock -> ../run/lock
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 May 22 15:10 log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 12:03 mail -> spool/mail
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 nis
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 opt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 preserve
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 12:03 run -> ../run
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 12:04 spool
drwxrwxrwt. 4 root root 165 May 22 15:10 tmp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 163 May 12 12:03 .updated
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 yp
相比之下多了隐藏文件和文件夹。
2 pwd 显示当前路径所在
print working directory
就pwd.打印输出当前路径
[root@localhost /]# pwd
/3 cd 改变目录
change directory
作用：用于切换当前目录。
绝对路径
[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/
bin/ etc/ games/ include/ lib/ lib64/ libexec/ mysql/ sbin/ share/ src/
[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
相对路径
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# cd lib
[root@localhost lib]# ls
[root@localhost lib]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 .
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 144 May 12 12:50 ..[root@localhost lib]# cd ../../../
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot data1 dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
特殊符号 ~ 表示当前用户的家目录
cd ~ 即可
[root@localhost /]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data
4 mkdir
make directory 创建目录
语法：mkdir 路径名
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir data2
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
注意：颜色说明，其中蓝色名称表示文件夹，黑色表示文件，绿色表示其权限为拥有所有权限。
# mkdir -p 路径 递归创建目录。 创建多层目录。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p data2/a/b/c
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
[root@localhost ~]# cd data2
[root@localhost data2]# ls
a
[root@localhost data2]# cd a
[root@localhost a]# ls
b
[root@localhost a]# cd c
-bash: cd: c: No such file or directory
[root@localhost a]# cd b
[root@localhost b]# ls
c
5 touch
创建文件
#touch 文件路径 【可以是直接的文件名也可以是路径】
实例：在当前目录下创建123.txt文件。
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
[root@localhost ~]# touch 123.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2实例：创建多个文件
[root@localhost ~]# touch 1234.txt 12.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls
1234.txt 123.txt 12.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
6 cp
复制命令
语法格式： cp 源路径 目的路径
[root@localhost ~]# ls
1234.txt 123.txt 12.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
[root@localhost ~]# cp 12.txt data2/
[root@localhost ~]# ls data2/
12.txt a
7 mv
移动，剪切
[root@localhost ~]# ls
1234.txt 123.txt 12.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
[root@localhost ~]# mv 1234.txt data2/
[root@localhost ~]# ls data2/
1234.txt 12.txt a
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt 12.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
可以重命名
[root@localhost ~]# mv 123.txt data2/11.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls data2
11.txt 1234.txt 12.txt a
8 rm
移除 ，删除。
选项 -f force 强制删除
-r 等同于rmdir
删除一个文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls
12.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data data2
[root@localhost ~]# rm 12.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘12.txt’? y
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data data2删除多个文件
[root@localhost data2]# rm 11.txt 12
1234.txt 12.txt
[root@localhost data2]# rm 11.txt 1234.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘11.txt’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘1234.txt’? y
[root@localhost data2]# ls
12.txt a
删除目录
[root@localhost ~]# rm data2
rm: cannot remove ‘data2’: Is a directory
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf data2
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data
9 cat 有直接打开文件的功能，
还可以多个文件合并为一个文件。(输出重定向)