Task

Figure 1 Task content

Require

Figure 2 Contents of basic requirements

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illustrate

Figure 4 Explanation content 1

Figure 5 Explanation content 2

Grading

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Summary

This experiment designs an air-ground collaborative intelligent firefighting system, which consists of drones and fire trucks. By choosing ESP32 as the main control of the system and using the L293D chip to build the system, the wireless communication between the UAV and the fire truck is realized. The system uses a laser module and a fire source simulator to complete fire identification and fire extinguishing operations. At the same time, by using various interfaces and functions of the main control, other sensors and modules can be further expanded to improve the intelligence and function expandability of the system. The task requires the design of the patrol route map, the realization of functions such as patrol, fire identification and fire extinguishing, and requires the fire truck to display the position of the drone and the patrol track in real time.

Keywords: air-ground collaborative intelligent fire protection system, unmanned aerial vehicle, fire truck, wireless communication, patrol route, fire identification, fire extinguishing

1. System solutions

This design uses the ESP32 chip as the main control, and the overall system is mainly composed of the main control, laser module and fire source module.

1.1 Demonstration and selection of the main control module

Solution 1: Choose ESP32 master

Advantages: ESP32 has good performance and stability, supports wireless communication and a variety of sensor interfaces.

Disadvantages: high power consumption, need to consider power supply issues.

Solution 2: Choose Arduino Uno as the main controller

Advantages: lower cost, easy to program and debug.

Disadvantages: relatively weak performance and scalability.

Solution 3: Use Raspberry Pi as the main controller

Advantages: powerful, supports a variety of interfaces and communication methods.

Disadvantages: high cost and relatively high complexity.

After comprehensive consideration, we choose option one, that is, choose ESP32 as the system master.

1.2 Demonstration and selection of hardware control scheme

Solution 1: Use the L293D chip to build the system, and use the following hardware modules to realize the functions

Motor drive module: used to control the movement of drones and fire trucks.

Wireless communication module: used for real-time communication between drones and fire trucks.

Position positioning module: used to obtain the position coordinate information of the drone.

Solution 2: Use the PCA9685 chip to build the system, and use the following hardware modules to realize the functions

Steering gear drive module: used to control the steering gear of drones and fire trucks.

Wireless communication module: used for real-time communication between drones and fire trucks.

Position positioning module: used to obtain the position coordinate information of the drone.

Solution 3: Use the L298N chip to build the system, and use the following hardware modules to realize the functions

Motor drive module: used to control the movement of drones and fire trucks.

Wireless communication module: used for real-time communication between drones and fire trucks.

Position positioning module: used to obtain the position coordinate information of the drone.

After comprehensive consideration, we choose option one, which is to use the L293D chip to build the system.

2.2 Calculation of patrol track

According to the requirements, the UAV should complete the full-coverage patrol according to the planned route, and the patrol area is 40dm×48dm. Assuming that the UAV is sailing in a straight line, and the sailing speed is v dm/s, the track length can be obtained by the following calculation.

Patrol track length = v × patrol time

Since full-coverage patrols are to be completed, the patrol time can be taken as the length of the total patrol area divided by the patrol speed of the UAV, namely:

Patrol time = (48dm / v) + (40dm / v)

Based on the above calculations, the calculation formula of the patrol track can be obtained as:

Patrol track length = v × ((48dm / v) + (40dm / v)).

4. Test plan and test results

4.1 Test scheme

4.1.1 Functional test

(1) Fire identification test

1. Place a simulated fire source in the fire patrol area and light the fire source.

2. Start the drone patrol, and the drone will patrol according to the planned route.

(2) Position coordinate transmission test

1. The UAV sends location coordinate information to the fire truck every second.

2. The display on the fire truck is updated in real time and displays the position coordinate information of the drone.

3. Verify whether the location coordinate information can be accurately transmitted and received.

(3) Fire confirmation test

1. The drone flies above the fire source, lowers to a height of about 10dm, hovers for 3s and then throws the fire extinguishing bag.

2. The fire extinguishing bag falls in a circular area with a radius of 3dm centered on the fire source point.

3. Send the location coordinates of the fire source to the fire truck.

4. Confirm that the UAV can accurately identify the fire source and send location information.

(4) Fire source extinguishment test

1. After receiving the coordinates of the fire source, the fire truck starts from the fire station to the fire source.

2. Within a distance of 5dm from the fire source, use a laser pointer to irradiate the simulated fire source to extinguish it.

(5) System return test

1. After completing the patrol, the UAV returns and lands accurately in the take-off area.

2. Verify that the drone can return and land safely.

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In fact, rigid standards cannot limit us with infinite possibilities, so ah! Come on boys!