Unity学习笔记

Unity学习笔记

1.IOC

在介绍如何在程序中使用Unity之前，首先说一下什么是IOC：
IOC是Inversion of Control的缩写，被翻译为控制反转，是一种全新的设计模式，用来削减计算机程序的耦合问题，把程序上层对下层的依赖，转移到第三方的容器来装配。 控制反转一般分为两种类型，依赖注入（Dependency Injection，简称DI）和依赖查找（Dependency Lookup）。依赖注入应用比较广泛。

实现Ioc的框架有很多，比如astle Windsor、Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap，我们这里学习使用微软提供的Unity。

2.Unity

下面介绍如何在程序中使用Unity：
第一步：
首先在Nuget添加Unity包，引用→右键→管理Nuget程序包，要实现AOP必须也添加下面的Unity.Interception包
这里添加Unity版本为5.5.6，Unity.Abstractions版本3.1.3，Unity.Interception版本5.3.1

第二步：
程序中添加一个配置文件的文件夹ConfigFiles，添加配置文件：

第三步：
配置文件：文件结构为

具体配置为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>         
    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Unity.Configuration"/>
  </configSections>
  <unity>
    <sectionExtension type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension.Configuration.InterceptionConfigurationExtension, Unity.Interception.Configuration"/>
    <containers>
      <container name="testContainer">
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>
      </container>

      <container name="testContainerAOP">
        <extension type="Interception"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices">
          <interceptor type="InterfaceInterceptor"/>
          <interceptionBehavior type="MyFramework.LogBehavior, MyFramework"/>
          <lifetime type="transient" />
          <!--<constructor>
            <param name="pubContext" type="IPubContext" />
            <param name="id" type="System.Int32" value="3" />
          </constructor>-->
        </register>
        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="android"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices" name="apple"/>
      </container>
    </containers>
  </unity>
</configuration>

这里注册了两个Unity容器“testContainer”，”testContainerAOP”，后者是带有AOP的。
解释一下这个register：

 <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>

MyInterface.IPhone：表示抽象接口的IPhone抽象类。
MyInterface为抽象类命名空间，即dll名称
MyServices.ApplePhone：表示实现的具体的ApplePhone类。
MyServices：为具体实现类命名空间，即dll名称

第四步：
Unity在程序中使用方式，这里是用配置文件：
1.首先要添加System.Configuration的引用（引用右键→添加引用→框架）：

2.找配置文件的路径

   ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
            fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "CfgFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径

这里要注意吧Unity.config文件修改为始终复制：

3. 声明容器IUnityContainer

IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
 section.Configure(container, "testContainer");

4.Resolve解析类型对象

IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();
phone.Call();
IPhone android = container.Resolve<IPhone>("Android");
android.Call();

这里要说一下通过命名注册来区分生成的不同对象实例，即 上面的”Android”，在配置文件中是这样注册的：

  <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>

5.将MyServices编译生成的dll拷贝到项目文件的Bin/debug文件夹。
6.在项目中添加对接口的引用：

具体代码：

  static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            {
                //通过配置文件
                ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
                fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "ConfigFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径
                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
                UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);

                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
                section.Configure(container, "testContainer");

                container.AddNewExtension<Interception>().Configure<Interception>()
               .SetInterceptorFor<IPhone>(new InterfaceInterceptor());

                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();
                phone.Call();
                IPhone android = container.Resolve<IPhone>("Android");
                android.Call();
            }                       
        }

3.Unity中实现AOP

1.首先添加一个LogBehavior 的类，用来实现记录日志功能。

先要添加在Myframwork类库添加Unity，版本一样，以免冲突。然后继承IInterceptionBehavior接口。

public class LogBehavior: IInterceptionBehavior
    {
        public IEnumerable<Type> GetRequiredInterfaces()
        {
            return Type.EmptyTypes;
        }



        public IMethodReturn Invoke(IMethodInvocation input, GetNextInterceptionBehaviorDelegate getNext)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("LogBehavior before");
            IMethodReturn method = getNext()(input, getNext);
            Console.WriteLine("LogBehavior after");
            return method;
        }

        public bool WillExecute
        {
            get { return true; }
        }
    }

2.在配置文件中配置：

<configuration>
  <configSections>         
    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Unity.Configuration"/>
  </configSections>
  <unity>
    <sectionExtension type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension.Configuration.InterceptionConfigurationExtension, Unity.Interception.Configuration"/>
    <containers>
      <container name="testContainer">
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>
      </container>

      <container name="testContainerAOP">
        <extension type="Interception"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices">
          <interceptor type="InterfaceInterceptor"/>
          <interceptionBehavior type="Myframework.LogBehavior, Myframework"/>
          <lifetime type="transient" />
        </register>
        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="android"/>
        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices" name="apple"/>
      </container>
    </containers>
  </unity>
</configuration>

3.将Myframwork编译生成的dll拷贝到项目文件的Bin/debug文件夹。
4.在程序中使用：

 ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
                fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "ConfigFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径
                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
                UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);

                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
                section.Configure(container, "testContainerAOP");
                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();
                phone.Call();

5.运行效果：