爬取NMPA化妆品生产许可信息数据，保存到excel中（requests初体验）

一、爬取网页分析

爬取网站URL ：http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/

1、可以看出，页面采用表格进行数据呈现，在设计爬虫时可以想到，以每一家公司为单位，通过设置数组来存储数据信息。

2、打开浏览器抓包工具，对页面数据进行分析，可以看出页面采用ajax请求，返回json数据。

二、爬取思路

1、首先通过爬取该界面的信息，获取每一家公司的 id 信息。

2、获取到id号后，再对具体公司信息进行爬取

三、源代码

import requests
import xlwt
def main():
    baseurl = 'http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList'
    url = "http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById"
    headers = {
    
    
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36"
    }
    datalist = []
    for page in range(1, 6):
        data = {
    
    
            'on': 'true',
            'page': str(page),
            'pageSize': '15',
            'productName': '',
            'conditionType': '1',
            'applyname': '',
            'applysn': ''
        }
        response = requests.post(url=baseurl, data=data, headers=headers)
        page_text = response.json()
        for dic in page_text['list']:
            item = []
            id = dic['ID']
            data = {
    
    
                'id': str(id)
            }
            response = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
            page_text = response.json()
            # print(page_text)

            epsName = page_text['epsName']
            item.append(epsName)

            productSn = page_text['productSn']
            item.append(productSn)

            certStr = page_text['certStr']
            item.append(certStr)

            epsAddress = page_text['epsAddress']
            item.append(epsAddress)

            epsProductAddress = page_text['epsProductAddress']
            item.append(epsProductAddress)

            businessLicenseNumber = page_text['businessLicenseNumber']
            item.append(businessLicenseNumber)

            legalPerson = page_text['legalPerson']
            item.append(legalPerson)

            businessPerson = page_text['businessPerson']
            item.append(businessPerson)

            qualityPerson = page_text['qualityPerson']
            item.append(qualityPerson)

            qfManagerName = page_text['qfManagerName']
            item.append(qfManagerName)

            xkName = page_text['xkName']
            item.append(xkName)


            rcManagerDepartName = page_text['rcManagerDepartName']
            item.append(rcManagerDepartName)

            rcManagerUser = page_text['rcManagerUser']
            item.append(rcManagerUser)

            xkDate = page_text['xkDate']
            item.append(xkDate)

            xkDateStr = page_text['xkDateStr']
            item.append(xkDateStr)

            datalist.append(item)
    print(datalist)
    savepath = "NMPA化妆品生产许可信息数据.xls"
    saveData(datalist, savepath)

def saveData(datalist,savepath):
    print("开始保存...")
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0)
    sheet = book.add_sheet('NMPA化妆品生产许可信息数据',cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    col = ("企业名称","许可证编号","许可项目","企业住所","生产地址","社会信用代码","法定代表人","企业负责人","质量负责人","发证机关","签发人","日常监督管理机构","日常见度管理人员","有效期至")
    for i in range(0,14):
        sheet.write(0,i,col[i])
    for i in range(0,75):
        print("第%d条"%(i+1))
        data = datalist[i]
        for j in range(0,14):
            sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])
    book.save(savepath)
    print("保存完成")
if __name__ =="__main__":
    main()

四、爬取结果