LeetCode Problems #785

2018年9月23日

#785 Is Graph Bipartite?

问题描述:

Given an undirected graph, return true if and only if it is bipartite.

Recall that a graph is bipartite if we can split it's set of nodes into two independent subsets A and B such that every edge in the graph has one node in A and another node in B.

The graph is given in the following form: graph[i] is a list of indexes j for which the edge between nodes i and j exists.  Each node is an integer between 0 and graph.length - 1.  There are no self edges or parallel edges: graph[i] does not contain i, and it doesn't contain any element twice.

样例:

Example 1:
Input: [[1,3], [0,2], [1,3], [0,2]]
Output: true
Explanation: 
The graph looks like this:
0----1
|    |
|    |
3----2
We can divide the vertices into two groups: {0, 2} and {1, 3}.
Example 2:
Input: [[1,2,3], [0,2], [0,1,3], [0,2]]
Output: false
Explanation: 
The graph looks like this:
0----1
| \  |
|  \ |
3----2
We cannot find a way to divide the set of nodes into two independent subsets.

Note:

  • graph will have length in range [1, 100].
  • graph[i] will contain integers in range [0, graph.length - 1].
  • graph[i] will not contain i or duplicate values.
  • The graph is undirected: if any element j is in graph[i], then i will be in graph[j].

问题分析:

本题难度为Medium!已给出的函数定义为:

class Solution:
    def isBipartite(self, graph):
        """
        :type graph: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: bool
        """

其中graph为一个二维数组,返回值为布尔类型值;

本题是判断一个无向图是否为二分图,判断二分图方法有很多,这里采用算法实现上比较简单的染色法

算法如下:

用colornodes列表记录结点的染色情况(-1/1),用visited列表记录结点的访问情况(0/1)

通过广度优先搜索bfs遍历每一个结点:

    建立bfslist列表;

    while 有结点未被访问:

        若bfslist为空,则选则一个未访问的结点,染色,标记该结点已访问,并添加到bfslist后;

        若bfslist不为空,则遍历该结点的子结点:

            若该子结点未被访问,则染色(与父结点颜色不同),标记为已访问,并添加到bsflist后;

遍历graph表,若存在相邻结点颜色相同,则不是二分图,否则,是二分图;

代码实现:

#coding=utf-8
class Solution:
    def isBipartite(self, graph):
        """
        :type graph: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: bool
        """
        visited=[0 for i in range(len(graph))] #访问过的结点标记为1 
        colornodes=[0 for i in range(len(graph))] #store the color of each node,-1/1
        curnode=0 #当前结点
        color=-1 #初始颜色为-1
        bfslist=[] #bfs队列

        while sum(visited)!=len(graph):
            if len(bfslist)==0: #bfs队列为空
                i=visited.index(0) #未访问过的结点
                visited[i]=1 #标记已访问
                colornodes[i]=color #染色
                bfslist.append(i) #加到bfs队列中
            else:
                curnode=bfslist.pop(0) #pop第一个元素
                color = colornodes[curnode]*-1# 切换染色颜色
                for i in graph[curnode]:
                    if visited[i]==0: #处理未访问过的结点
                        visited[i]=1 #标记已访问
                        colornodes[i]=color #染色
                        bfslist.append(i) #加到bfs队列中

        for i in range(len(graph)):
            for j in range(len(graph[i])):
                if colornodes[i]==colornodes[graph[i][j]]:
                    return False

        return True

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