第十周Java实验作业

实验十  泛型程序设计技术

实验时间 2018-11-1

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 理解泛型概念;

泛型:也称参数化类型,就是在定义类,接口和方法时,通过类型参数只是将要处理的类型对象。(如ArrayList类)

(2) 掌握泛型类的定义与使用;

一个泛型类,就是具有一个或者多个类型变量的类,即创建用类型作为参数的类。一个泛型类定义格式如下:

class Generics(K,V);

其中K和V是类中的可变类型的参数。

(3) 掌握泛型方法的声明与使用;

泛型方法:除了泛型类之外,还可以只单独定义一个方法作为泛型方法,用于指定泛型参数或者返回值为泛型类型。,留待方法调用时确定。

泛型方法可以声明在泛型类中,也可以声明在普通类中。

public class ArrayTool

{

public static <E> void insert (E[] ,int i)

{

......

}

Public static<E> E valueAt(E[] e,int i)

{

...

}

}

(4) 掌握泛型接口的定义与实现;

定义:

public interface IPool<T>

{

T get();

Int add(T t);

}

实现:

public class GenericPool<T> implements IPool<T>

{

...

}

public class GenericPool implements IPool<Account>

{

...

}

(5)了解泛型程序设计,理解其用途。

泛类型程序设计:编写代码可以被许多不同类型的对象使用。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第8章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 编辑、调试、运行教材311、312页 代码,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在泛型类定义及使用代码处添加注释;

l 掌握泛型类的定义及使用。 

package pair1;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> //T是类型变量
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair()
   { 
       first = null; second = null;
   }
   public Pair(T first, T second) 
   { 
       this.first = first;  this.second = second;
   }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}
package pair1;

/**
 * @version 1.01 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest1
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      String[] words = { "Mary", "had", "A", "little", "lamb" };//初始化一个String类型的数组
      Pair<String> mm = ArrayAlg.minmax(words);//通过类名调用minmax方法。
      //minmax的返回值是Pair<String>类型的
      System.out.println("min = " + mm.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + mm.getSecond());
   }
}

class ArrayAlg
{
   /**
    * Gets the minimum and maximum of an array of strings.
    * @param a an array of strings
    * @return a pair with the min and max value, or null if a is null or empty
    */
   public static Pair<String> minmax(String[] a)//定义静态方法minmax
   //实例化以后的Pair对象(普通方法)
   {
      if (a == null || a.length == 0) return null;
      String min = a[0];
      String max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)//length:String类数组a[]的一个属性
      {
         if (min.compareTo(a[i]) > 0) min = a[i];//compareTo:数组的遍历,通过Ascll码进行比较
         if (max.compareTo(a[i]) < 0) max = a[i];
         //按照字典排序(比较的是字母的ascll编码,大写字母的值比较小
      }
      return new Pair<>(min, max);//返回一个Pair类型的对象。(将这两个数据打包)
   }
}

运行结果:

测试程序2:

编辑、调试运行教材315 PairTest2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

在泛型程序设计代码处添加相关注释;

package pair2;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> 
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair() { first = null; second = null; }
   public Pair(T first, T second) { this.first = first;  this.second = second; }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}
package pair2;

import java.time.*;

/**
 * @version 1.02 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest2
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
       //初始化一个LocalDate类数组,数组名为birthdays
      LocalDate[] birthdays = 
         { 
            LocalDate.of(1906, 12, 9), // G. Hopper
            LocalDate.of(1815, 12, 10), // A. Lovelace
            LocalDate.of(1903, 12, 3), // J. von Neumann
            LocalDate.of(1910, 6, 22), // K. Zuse
         };
      Pair<LocalDate> mm = ArrayAlg.minmax(birthdays);//静态方法,可以通过类名调用
      System.out.println("min = " + mm.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + mm.getSecond());
   }
}

class ArrayAlg//泛型类
{
   /**
      Gets the minimum and maximum of an array of objects of type T.
      @param a an array of objects of type T
      @return a pair with the min and max value, or null if a is 
      null or empty
   */
   public static <T extends Comparable> Pair<T> minmax(T[] a)//泛型方法
   //使用extends关键字为类型变量设置上界
   {
      if (a == null || a.length == 0) return null;
      T min = a[0];
      T max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
      {
         if (min.compareTo(a[i]) > 0) min = a[i];
         if (max.compareTo(a[i]) < 0) max = a[i];
      }
      return new Pair<>(min, max);
   }
}

运行结果:

测试程序3:

用调试运行教材335 PairTest3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

了解通配符类型的定义及用途。

package pair3;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> 
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair()//无参数构造器
   {
       first = null; second = null;//必须设置为null,否则会出现空指针异常
   }
   public Pair(T first, T second)//构造器含参数,first和second不必置空
   { 
       this.first = first;  this.second = second;
   }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}
package pair3;

/**
 * @version 1.01 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest3
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
       //创建了manger类对象
      Manager ceo = new Manager("Gus Greedy", 800000, 2003, 12, 15);
      Manager cfo = new Manager("Sid Sneaky", 600000, 2003, 12, 15);
      Pair<Manager> buddies = new Pair<>(ceo, cfo);  
      printBuddies(buddies);

      ceo.setBonus(1000000);
      cfo.setBonus(500000);
      Manager[] managers = { ceo, cfo };

      Pair<Employee> result = new Pair<>();
      minmaxBonus(managers, result);
      System.out.println("first: " + result.getFirst().getName() 
         + ", second: " + result.getSecond().getName());
      maxminBonus(managers, result);
      System.out.println("first: " + result.getFirst().getName() 
         + ", second: " + result.getSecond().getName());
   }

   public static void printBuddies(Pair<? extends Employee> p)
   //Pair<? extends Employee>表示任何泛型Pair类型,它的类型参数是Emplooy的子类。?  通配符
   {
      Employee first = p.getFirst();
      Employee second = p.getSecond();
      System.out.println(first.getName() + " and " + second.getName() + " are buddies.");
   }

   public static void minmaxBonus(Manager[] a, Pair<? super Manager> result)
   {
      if (a.length == 0) return;
      Manager min = a[0];
      Manager max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
      {
         if (min.getBonus() > a[i].getBonus()) min = a[i];
         if (max.getBonus() < a[i].getBonus()) max = a[i];
      }
      result.setFirst(min);
      result.setSecond(max);
   }

   public static void maxminBonus(Manager[] a, Pair<? super Manager> result)
   {
      minmaxBonus(a, result);
      PairAlg.swapHelper(result); // OK--swapHelper captures wildcard type    swapHelper通配符类型
   }
   // Can't write public static <T super manager> ...
}

class PairAlg
{
   public static boolean hasNulls(Pair<?> p)
   {
      return p.getFirst() == null || p.getSecond() == null;
   }

   public static void swap(Pair<?> p) { swapHelper(p); }

   public static <T> void swapHelper(Pair<T> p)
   {
      T t = p.getFirst();
      p.setFirst(p.getSecond());
      p.setSecond(t);
   }
}
package pair3;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee
{  
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {  
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {  
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {  
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }
}
package pair3;

public class Manager extends Employee
{  
   private double bonus;

   /**
      @param name the employee's name
      @param salary the salary
      @param year the hire year
      @param month the hire month
      @param day the hire day
   */
   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {  
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   { 
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double b)
   {  
      bonus = b;
   }

   public double getBonus()
   {  
      return bonus;
   }
}

运行结果:

实验2编程练习:

编程练习1:实验九编程题总结

实验九编程练习1总结(从程序总体结构说明、模块说明,目前程序设计存在的困难与问题三个方面阐述)。

程序结构:

 Indentity 和 使用了接口的Student类

package 小陈9;

public  class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
    private    String name;
    private    String number ;
    private    String sex ;
    private    int age;
    private    String province;
 
     
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setage(int age ) {
        this.age=age ;
    }
    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }
@Override
public int compareTo(Student other) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     return this.name.compareTo(other.getName());
}//compareTo方法比较姓名
public String toString() {
    return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
}    
}
package 小陈9;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Identity{
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:/身份证号.txt");
        try {
            //利用try 。。 catch  语句进行异常处理
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                
                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
                
                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province =linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
          //捕获异常
        }
        //读取文件内容
        boolean isTrue = true;
        while (isTrue) {
            System.out.println("选择你的操作,输入正确格式的选项");
            System.out.println("1.字典排序");
            System.out.println("2.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
            System.out.println("3.寻找老乡");
            System.out.println("4.寻找年龄相近的人");
            System.out.println("0.退出");
            int status = scanner.nextInt();
            switch (status) {
            case 1:
                Collections.sort(studentlist);   //对姓名字典排序           
                System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                break;
            case 2:
                 int max=0,min=100;
                 int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
                 for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)
                 {
                     j=studentlist.get(i).getage();
                 if(j>max)
                 {
                     max=j; 
                     k1=i;
                 }
                 if(j<min)
                 {
                   min=j; 
                   k2=i;
                 }
                 
                 }  
                 System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1));
                 System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2));
                break;
            case 3:
                 System.out.println("老家?");
                 String find = scanner.next();        
                 String place=find.substring(0,3);
                 for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) 
                 {
                     if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 
                         System.out.println("老乡"+studentlist.get(i));
                 }             
                 break;
                 
            case 4:
                System.out.println("年龄:");
                int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                int near=agenear(yourage);
                int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();
                System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));
                break;
           
                case 0:
                    status = 0;
                    System.out.println("程序已退出!");
                    break;
               default:
                   System.out.println("输入错误");
               }
             }
            }//选择具体操作
        public static int agenear(int age) {      
        int min=53,value=0,k=0;
         for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)
         {
             value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;
             if(value<0) value=-value; 
             if (value<min) 
             {
                min=value;
                k=i;
             } 
          }    
         return k;         
      }//找到年龄最大和最小者
      
}

程序设计存在的困难与问题:

(1)编程能力差,对代码的熟悉和了解远远不够,应该多加练习。

(2)看到问题不会分析,不能很快从中提取出主要的变量和要进行的操作

实验九编程练习2总结(从程序总体结构说明、模块说明,目前程序设计存在的困难与问题三个方面阐述)。

程序结构:

yunsuan类 和 jieguo类

public class yunsuan {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        Pair student=new Pair();
        PrintWriter out = null;
       try {
           out = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;

        
        
        for (int i = 1; i <=10; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int c= (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);

            //生成随机数 ,  用于生成四则运算题目 ,其中c  用于switch语句,生成四则运算的种类

switch(c) { case 0: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"="); while(b==0) { b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); } int C = in.nextInt(); out.println(a+"/"+b+"="+C); if (C == student.division(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("right"); } else { System.out.println("false"); } break; case 1: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"="); int D = in.nextInt(); out.println(a+"*"+b+"="+D); if (D == student.multiply(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("right"); } else { System.out.println("false"); } break; case 2: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"="); int E = in.nextInt(); out.println(a+"+"+b+"="+E); if (E == student.plus(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("right"); } else { System.out.println("false"); } break ; case 3: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"="); int F = in.nextInt(); out.println(a+"-"+b+"="+F); if (F == student.minus(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("right"); } else { System.out.println("false"); } break ; } }//生成四则运算题目,并判断回答是否正确 System.out.println("成绩"+sum); out.println("成绩:"+sum); out.close();
      //输出结果
} }
*public class jieguo {
   private int a;
   private int b;
    public int  add(int a,int b)
    {
        return a+b;
    }
    public int   reduce(int a,int b)
    {
        return a-b;
    }
    public int   multiplication(int a,int b)
    {
        return a*b;
    }
    public int   division(int a,int b)
    {
        if(b!=0)
        return a/b;
        else return 0;
    }

}

程序设计存在的困难与问题:

(1)text文件的输出存在问题

(2)接口应用存在问题,对于使用接口设计程序不能熟练掌握。

编程练习2:采用泛型程序设计技术改进实验九编程练习2,使之可处理实数四则运算,其他要求不变。

package 小陈1;

public class Pair<T> {
       private T a;
       private T b;
        public Pair()
        {
            a = null;
            b = null;
        }
        public Pair(T a,T b)
        {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
        }
        public T getA()
        {
            return a;
        }
        public T getB()
        {
            return b;
        }
       public int plus(int a,int b)
       {
           return a+b;
       }
       public int minus(int a,int b)
       {
           return a-b;
       }
       public int multiply(int a,int b)
       {
           return a*b;
       }
       public int division(int a,int b)
       {
           if(b!=0 && a%b==0)
               return a/b;
           else
               return 0;
       }
           
}
package 小陈1;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;


public class yunsuan {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        Pair student=new Pair();
        PrintWriter out = null;
       try {
           out = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;

        
        
        for (int i = 1; i <=10; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int c= (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);

           
           switch(c)
           {
           case 0:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
               
               while(b==0)
               { 
                   b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            }
               
            int C = in.nextInt();
            out.println(a+"/"+b+"="+C);
            if (C == student.division(a, b)) {
                sum += 10;
                System.out.println("right");
            }
            else {
                System.out.println("false");
            }
            
            break;
            
           case 1:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
               int D = in.nextInt();
               out.println(a+"*"+b+"="+D);
               if (D == student.multiply(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("right");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("false");
               }
               break;
           case 2:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
               int E = in.nextInt();
               out.println(a+"+"+b+"="+E);
               if (E == student.plus(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("right");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("false");
               }
               
               break ;
           case 3:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
               int F = in.nextInt();
               out.println(a+"-"+b+"="+F);
               if (F == student.minus(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("right");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("false");
               }
               break ;
              } 
          }//生成四则运算题目,并判断回答是否正确
       System.out.println("成绩"+sum);
        out.println("成绩:"+sum);
         out.close();        
   }
   }

总结:本周学习了泛类型程序设计,了解到泛型的主要目标是实现Java的类型安全。其主要使用在类,接口,方法中。提高了代码的重用性。存在的问题在于对泛型程序设计的使用不太熟练,还需要继续进行学习。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/980303CYR/p/9898541.html