第六章 数学问题 -------- 6.11【同余方程组】POJ1006 生理周期

同余方程组:

  先来看一道题目:有物不知其数,三三数之剩二;五五数之剩三;七七数之剩二。问物几何?  然后我们可以做如下变换,设x为所求的数。

   x%3=2              x ≡ a1(%m1)  ①
   x%5=3  ===>  x ≡ a2(%m2)  ②
   x%7=2              x ≡ a3(%m3)

  根据前面两式可以得到  

    x = a1+m1y1     (1) 
   x = a2+m2y2

  两式相减得到  m1y1 - m2y2 = a2 - a1  这是一个线性不定方程,可解出y1  ---> linearEquation(m1,-m2,a2-a1)   带回(1),得特解x0 = a1+m1*y1 --> 得到通解表达式 x =x0 + k*lcm(m1,m2) 得一个新方程 x = x0 (mod lcm(m1,m2))

  代码:

/**
 * 
 * @param a 余数组成的数组
 * @param m 模组成的数组
 * @return
 * @throws Exception
 */
public static long linearEquationGroup(Long[] a, Long[] m) throws Exception {
  int len = a.length;
  if (len == 0 && a[0] == 0)
    return m[0];

  for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
    // 这里往前看是两个方程
    long a2_a1 = a[i] - a[i - 1];
    long d = linearEquation(m[i - 1], -m[i], a2_a1);
    // 现在的x是y1,用y1求得一个特解
    long x0 = a[i - 1] + m[i - 1] * x;
    long lcm = m[i - 1] * m[i] / d;
    a[i] = (x0 % lcm + lcm) % lcm;// x0变成正数
    m[i] = lcm;
  }
  // 合并完之后,只有一个方程 : x = a[len-1] (% m[len-1])
  //long d = linearEquation(1, m[len-1], a[len-1]);
  return a[len - 1] % m[len - 1];
}

 题目:POJ1006 生理周期

  代码:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class POJ1006 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int t = 1;
        List<Long[]> aList = new ArrayList<Long[]>();
        List<Long> dList = new ArrayList<Long>();
        while(scanner.hasNext()){
            Long []a = {scanner.nextLong(),scanner.nextLong(),scanner.nextLong()};
            Long d = scanner.nextLong();
            if (a[0]==-1&&a[1]==-1&&a[2]==-1&&d==-1) {
                break;
            }else {
                aList.add(a);
                dList.add(d);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < aList.size(); i++) {
            Long[] a = aList.get(i);
            long d = dList.get(i);
            Long[] m = { (long) 23, (long) 28, (long) 33 };
            long res = MyGcd.linearEquationGroup(a, m);
            while (res <= d) {
                res += 21252;
            }
            System.out.println("Case " + (t++) + ": the next triple peak occurs in " + (res - d) + " days.");
        }
    }
    
    private static class MyGcd {
        static long x;
        static long y;

        /**
         * 
         * @param a 余数组成的数组
         * @param m 模组成的数组
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public static long linearEquationGroup(Long[] a, Long[] m) throws Exception {
            int len = a.length;
            if (len == 0 && a[0] == 0)
                return m[0];

            for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
                // 这里往前看是两个方程
                long a2_a1 = a[i] - a[i - 1];
                long d = linearEquation(m[i - 1], -m[i], a2_a1);
                // 现在的x是y1,用y1求得一个特解
                long x0 = a[i - 1] + m[i - 1] * x;
                long lcm = m[i - 1] * m[i] / d;
                a[i] = (x0 % lcm + lcm) % lcm;// x0变成正数
                m[i] = lcm;
            }
            // 合并完之后,只有一个方程 : x = a[len-1] (% m[len-1])
            //long d = linearEquation(1, m[len-1], a[len-1]);
            return a[len - 1] % m[len - 1];
        }

        public static long inverseElement(long a, long mo) throws Exception {

            long d = linearEquation(a, mo, 1);
            x = (x % mo + mo) % mo;
            return d;
        }

        public static long linearEquation(long a, long b, long m) throws Exception {
            long d = ext_gcd(a, b);
            // m不是gcd(a,b)的倍数,这个方程无解
            if (m % d != 0)
                throw new Exception("无解");
            long n = m / d;// 约一下,考虑m是d的倍数
            x *= n;
            y *= n;
            return d;
        }

        public static long ext_gcd(long a, long b) {

            if (b == 0) {
                x = 1;
                y = 0;
                return a;
            }
            long res = ext_gcd(b, a % b);
            long x1 = x;// 备份x
            x = y;// 更新x
            y = x1 - a / b * y;// 更新y
            return res;
        }

    }

}

  结果:

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转载自blog.csdn.net/OpenStack_/article/details/88729779