目录
Unit 1
Something for Stevie
Dan Anderson
1. I try not to be biased, but I had my doubts about hiring Stevie. His placement counselor assured me that he would be a good, reliable busboy. But I had never had a mentally handicapped employee and wasn't sure I wanted one. I wasn't sure how my customers would react. Stevie was short, a little dumpy, with the smooth facial features and thick-tongued speech of Down's syndrome.
1. 我力求不存偏见，不过在雇用史蒂维时我有理由心存疑虑。他的就业顾问向我保证，说他会成为出色、可靠的餐馆杂工。我从未雇过智障的员工，是否要招收一位，我举棋不定。我的顾客会有什么反应，我没有把握。史蒂维是个矮个儿，胖墩墩的，如其他唐氏综合症患者一样，面部光滑，口齿不清。
2. I wasn't worried about most of my trucker customers. Truckers don't generally care who buses tables as long as the food is good and the pies are homemade. The ones who concerned me were the mouthy college kids traveling to school; the yuppie snobs who secretly polish their silverware with their napkins for fear of catching some dreaded "truck-stop germ"; and the pairs of white-shirted businessmen on expense accounts who think every truck-stop waitress wants to be flirted with. I knew those people would be uncomfortable around Stevie, so I closely watched him for the first few weeks.
2. 对大多数来就餐的卡车司机们，我还是很放心的。只要食物好，馅饼地道，他们基本不在乎谁收碗碟。真正让我担心的是那些高谈阔论的大学走读生，那些因惧怕“路边餐馆的细菌”而用餐巾悄悄擦拭银餐具的雅皮士势利眼儿们，还有那些穿白色衬衫、使用公款消费、认为餐馆里每个女服务员都渴望调情的商务人员。我知道，史蒂维在这里工作，他们会感到别扭，所以开头几个星期我密切地关注着他。
3. I shouldn't have worried. After the first week, Stevie had my staff wrapped around his little finger. Within a month my trucker regulars had adopted him as their official truck-stop mascot. After that I really didn't care what the rest of the customers thought.
3. 我的担心是多余的。第一周过后，史蒂维就抓住了我每位员工的心。不足一个月，我的老顾客——那些卡车司机们——就正式认定史蒂维为卡车司机休息站的吉祥人物。自此以后，我不再介意其他顾客的看法了。
4. He was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got done with the table.
4. 史蒂维21岁，蓝色牛仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满面笑容，讨人喜爱，极端地敬业。他收拾好一张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌面不见一点面包屑、一滴咖啡液。
5. Our only problem was convincing him to wait to clean a table until after the customers were finished. He would hover in the background, shifting his weight from one foot to the other, scanning the dining room until a table was empty. Then he would hurry to the empty table and carefully bus the dishes and glasses onto the cart and meticulously wipe the table with a practiced fourish of his rag. If he thought a customer was watching, his brows would pucker with added concentration. He took pride in doing his job exactly right, and you had to love how hard he tried to please each and every person he met.
5. 我们唯一的问题是得说服他等待客人用餐完毕再去收拾桌子。他总是在不起眼的地方守候，左右脚替换着支撑体重，眼睛巡视整个餐厅。一看见哪张餐桌边的客人都离去，他立即赶过去，仔细地把碗碟收拾到餐车上，拿起抹布细致地擦桌子，动作娴熟、夸张。若他觉得有顾客正在看他，他就会眉头紧锁，更加专注。工作一丝不苟，这是他自豪的源泉。他取悦面前的每一个人，那煞费苦心的劲头真是惹人喜爱。
6. Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled after repeated surgeries for cancer. They lived on their Social Security benefits in public housing two miles from the truck-stop. Their social worker, who stopped to check on him every so often, admitted they had fallen between the cracks . Money was tight, and what I paid him was probably the difference between them being able to live together and Stevie being sent to a group home.
6. 后来，我们得知史蒂维和母亲一起生活。他母亲是个寡妇，因患癌症多次经历手术而落下残疾。母子俩靠社会保险金生活，住在离餐馆两英里以外的廉租房里。社工人员偶尔登门看望，说他们母子生活着实艰辛贫困。他们手头拮据，我所付的工资仅能保证母子俩相依为命，史蒂维才不至于沦落到被“集体之家”（为残障人士提供护理的机构）收容。
7. That's why the restaurant was a gloomy place that morning last August, the first morning in three years that Stevie missed work. He was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester getting a new valve or something put in his heart. His social worker said that people with Down's syndrome often have heart problems at an early age, so this wasn't unexpected. There was a good chance he would come through the surgery in good shape and be back at work in a few months.
7. 到了去年八月的一个早上，就是三年里史蒂维没能来上班的第一个早上，整个餐馆气氛忧伤。他在罗切斯特的梅奥诊所接受一个心脏手术，大概要置入新的心脏膜瓣。社工人员说，有唐氏综合症的人常会在年轻时犯心脏病，所以史蒂维做手术不足为奇；几个月后，他有望从手术中恢复健康，重返工作岗位。
8. A ripple of excitement ran through the staff later that morning when word came that he was out of surgery, in recovery and doing fine. Frannie, my head waitress, let out a war whoop and did a little dance in the aisle when she heard the good news. Belle Ringer, one of our regular trucker customers, stared at the sight of this 50-year-old grandmother of four doing a victory shimmy beside his table. Frannie blushed, smoothed her apron and shot Belle Ringer a withering look.
8. 有一天接近中午时，有消息传来，说史蒂维手术结束，正在恢复，状况良好。员工当中激动的情绪如涟漪荡漾。领班弗兰妮听到消息，一声欢呼，旋即在过道上跳了一阵舞。经常光顾我们餐馆的一位卡车司机贝尔·林格，此时诧异地看着年届五十、已是四个孙辈孩子祖母的弗兰妮在他桌边抖动身体，跳起祝贺胜利的希米舞。弗兰妮窘得红了脸，用手抹平围裙，朝着贝尔狠狠地瞪了一眼。
9. He grinned. "OK, Frannie, what was that all about?" he asked.
9. 贝尔咧嘴一笑。“好了，弗兰妮，什么事那么高兴啊？”他问。
10. "We just got word that Stevie is out of surgery and going to be okay." she responded.
10. “我们刚得到消息，史蒂维做完了手术，平安无事。”她回答。
11. "I was wondering where he was," said Belle. "I had a new joke to tell him. What was the surgery about?"
11. “我还一直在纳闷，怎么今天不见他呢？”贝尔问。“本来有个笑话要讲给他听呢。做的是什么手术呢？”
12. Frannie quickly told him and the other two drivers sitting at his booth about Stevie's surgery, then sighed. "Yeah, I'm glad he is going to be okay," she said, "but I don't know how he and his mom are going to handle all the bills. From what I hear, they're barely getting by as it is." Belle Ringer nodded thoughtfully, and Frannie hurried off to wait on the rest of her tables.
12. 弗兰妮快言快语，把史蒂维的手术情况告诉贝尔和他旁边坐着的两个司机。“唉！”弗兰妮叹息着说：“他平安无事，我很开心，但是我不知道他和他妈妈怎样支付所有的费用。我听说，他们的日子一直过得紧紧巴巴。” 贝尔·林格点点头，若有所思。弗兰妮匆匆离开，去招待其它桌的客人了。
13. After the morning rush, Frannie walked into my office. She had a couple of paper napkins in her hand and a funny look on her face. "What's up?" I asked. "That table where Belle Ringer and his friends were sitting," she said, "this was folded and tucked under a coffee cup." She handed the napkin to me, and three $20 bills fell onto my desk when I opened it. On the outside, in big, bold letters, was printed "Something for Stevie."
13. 上午的客流高峰一过，弗兰妮走进我的办公室。她手上拿着几张纸餐巾，表情诡异。“怎么了？”我问。“在贝尔·林格和他朋友坐过的那张餐桌上，”她说，“这张折叠的餐巾纸就塞在一个咖啡杯下。”她把那张餐巾递给我。我抖开它，三张20元的钞票跌落在我的桌面上。纸巾外面工整地写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”，字母很大很粗。
14. "Pony Pete also asked me what that dance was all about," she said, "so I told him about Stevie and his mom and everything, and Pete looked at Tony and Tony looked at Pete, and they ended up giving me this." She handed me another paper napkin that had "Something for Stevie" scrawled on its outside. Two $50 bills were tucked within its folds. Frannie looked at me with wet, shiny eyes, shook her head and said simply, "Truckers."
14. “波尼·皮特也问我为何跳那支舞，”她说。“我把史蒂维和他母亲的一切都告诉他了。皮特看看托尼，托尼看看皮特，他们最后把这个给了我。” 她递给我另一张纸餐巾，只见外面潦草地写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”。折叠的餐巾中夹着两张50元的钞票。弗兰妮看着我，眼睛闪着泪花，摇摇头，只说一句话，“这些卡车司机啊。”
15. That was three months ago. Today is Thanksgiving, the first day Stevie is supposed to be back to work. His placement worker said he's been counting the days until the doctor said he could work, and it didn't matter at all that it was a holiday. He called 10 times in the past week, making sure we knew he was coming, fearful that we had forgotten him or that his job was in jeopardy. I arranged to have his mother bring him to work. We met them in the parking lot and invited them both to celebrate his day back.
15. 那是三个月前的事了。今天是感恩节，是史蒂维重返工作岗位的第一天。他的就业顾问说，史蒂维一直数算着日子，直到医生告诉他可以上班了。就算这天是假日也没有关系。他在过去一周内打了十次电话，确保我们知道他要回来了，担心我们忘记他，担心丢掉这份工作。我经过筹划，让他母亲陪他来上班。我们在停车场迎接他们，邀请母子二人一起庆祝他归来。
16. Stevie was thinner and paler, but couldn't stop grinning as he pushed through the doors and headed for the back room where his apron and busing cart were waiting. "Hold up there , Stevie, not so fast," I said. I took him and his mother by their arms. "Work can wait for a minute. To celebrate you coming back, breakfast for you two is on me ." I led them toward a large corner booth at the rear of the room. I could feel and hear the rest of the staff following behind as we marched through the dining room. Glancing over my shoulder, I saw booth after booth of grinning truckers empty and join the procession.
16. 史蒂维面色苍白，人也瘦了，但是总咧着嘴笑。 他用力推开门，径直走向工作间，他的围裙和餐车正在那儿等着他呢。“等一下，史蒂维，别着急，”我说。我挽着他们母子的手臂说，“等会儿再开工。我请二位吃早餐，庆祝史蒂维归来。”我带他们向餐厅后面角落里一个大隔间走去。我们穿过餐厅的时候，我能感觉到、也能听到其他员工紧紧跟着。我回头望去，看见笑容满面的卡车司机们走出一个个隔间，融入员工的队伍中。
17. We stopped in front of the big table, its surface covered with a mess of coffee cups, saucers and dinner plates, all sitting crooked on dozens of folded paper napkins. "First thing you have to do, Stevie, is to clean up this mess," I said, trying to sound stern. Stevie looked at me, and then at his mother, then pulled out one of the napkins. It had "Something for Stevie" written on the outside. As he picked it up, two $10 bills fell onto the table. Stevie stared at the money, then at dozens of napkins peeking from beneath the tableware, each with his name printed or scrawled on it.
17. 我们来到那张大餐桌前。桌面上凌乱的咖啡杯、小碟、餐盘，横七竖八地摆放在一堆折叠的纸餐巾上。“史蒂维，你要做的第一件事是，把这堆东西清理干净，”我佯装严肃地说。史蒂维看看我，又看看母亲，从那堆餐巾纸中抽出一张。那餐巾外面写着：“送给史蒂维的一点心意”。他拿起餐巾，两张10元钞票掉在桌子上。史蒂维看看钞票，又看看餐具下面露出的几十张餐巾，每一张都或工整或潦草地写着他的名字。
18. I turned to his mother. "There's over $10,000 in cash and checks on that table, all from truckers and trucking companies that heard about your problems. Happy Thanksgiving!" Well, it got real noisy about that time, with everybody shouting, and there were a few tears, too. But you know what's funny? While everybody else was busy shaking hands and hugging each other, Stevie, with a big, big smile on his face, was busy clearing all the cups and dishes from the table — the best worker I ever hired.
18. 我转身对他母亲说：“这张桌上，有一万多元现金和支票，是卡车司机、卡车公司听说你们的家庭状况后送来的。感恩节快乐！”天哪，此时一片欢腾，人们大声地叫着，也有流泪的。但是你知道此刻最有意思的是什么吗？就在大家都忙着握手、拥抱的时候，史蒂维笑容绽放，正忙着清理桌上的杯盘——他真是我手下最好的员工。
Unit 2
How Deep Is Your Love?
Mansi Bhatia
1. Love to some is like a cloud
1. 有人认为爱如浮云
2. To some as strong as steel
2. 有人认为爱坚固如铁
3. For some a way of living
3. 有人认为爱是一种生活方式
4. For some a way to feel
4. 有人认为爱是一种感觉
5. And some say love is holding on
5. 有人说爱要执着
6. And some say let it go
6. 有人说爱不要约束
7. And some say love is everything
7. 有人说爱是生命的全部
8. Some say they don't know
8. 有人说不知道爱为何物
9. At some stage or the other in our lives, we experience the gnawing pangs of an emotion which defies definition. It's a feeling that can only be felt and not described. An overwhelming joy that comes together with its share of sadness. Love.
9. 在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历某种难以名状的情感所带来的阵阵折磨。这种情感只能体会，无法用语言描述。莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临，这就是爱。
10. Given the busy nature of our lives, it's to be appreciated that we even find the time to indulge in matters of the heart. But at the same time I wonder if we even understand its true depth. I remember having countless crushes while in school. My math teacher, our neighbour's son, my best friend's brother and lots of others whom I fancied for the colour of their eyes, the shape of their moustaches or just the way they walked. Harmless puppy loves that are as brief as soap bubbles. I can laugh about all those silly and adventurous thoughts and acts now, but at that time nothing could be more serious an affair for me. Then came the stage of real relationships.
10. 在紧张忙碌的生活中，我们竟能找到时间，沉湎于感情之中，这的确令人感佩。然而，此时我想知道：我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。记得上学的时候，我迷恋的对象真是数不清：我的数学老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的哥哥，还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形状或走路的姿势而让我倾慕的人。年少时的爱慕，不会带来伤害，如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。那些稚气、大胆的想法和行为，现在想来大可一笑了之。但是，在那时，对我来说，没有比恋爱更重要的事了。接着就进入了真正“谈”情“说”爱的阶段。
11. Being in an all girls' school, I hardly had the opportunity to interact with members of the opposite gender. Socials between our school and the boys' college, therefore, would be awaited anxiously. Those three hours of unhesitant attention by a group of well-groomed young gentlemen provided us with enough content to talk and feel exhilarated about for the next four weeks.
11. 我在女子学校学习，和男孩子交往的机会寥寥无几，因此，我热切地期待着我们学校和男子学校举办的交谊会。交谊会上，一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我们。这三个小时中的点点滴滴，成了我们在以后四个星期中足够的谈资，我们在议论时，心情澎湃。
12. And even then there was no real need of having a boyfriend.
12. 即使是在那个时候，我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。
13. I somehow grew up believing that love would happen when it had to. And sure enough it did. It came at an age when I had a career, a long-term plan and a more or less settled life (and now I am not yet 25!). I was mature enough to enter a relationship which demands a lot of give and not so much of take .
13. 在我的成长岁月中，不知何故，我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。事实果真如此。当我有了稳定的工作，有了长期的计划和比较安定的生活（我现在还不到25岁呢！）时，爱情降临了。我也比较成熟了，能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。
14. Love was a magnificent building I built on the foundation of friendship. It took time to blossom. It took a lot of understanding, loads of sharing and caring, and plenty of affection to become what it is today. And it meant a meeting of minds. You might say that I belong to the traditional school of romance. But in my opinion, love needs to be nurtured. And it has to be distinguished from the intense but short-lived love or the pleasures of the flesh .
14. 我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情发展到今天。爱情意味着情投意合。你也许会说，我属于浪漫的传统派。但是，依我看，爱情需要培养。我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
15. Our parents' generation was fed lavishly with ideals. It was an era of constraints, restraints, respect, admiration, and plenty of romance. The long skirts, the quiet and unpretentious looks, the curled long hair, the calmness, the shy glance — these are all so frequently remindful of a bygone era. An age when the distance between the sexes somehow managed to help preserve the holiness of love and relationships.
15. 我们的父辈，接受了理想爱情的灌输。那是一个约束、压抑、崇敬、仰慕和十足浪漫的年代。长裙、娴静质朴的外表、卷曲的长发、恬静的气质、羞怯的目光——这一切常使人想起一个消逝已久的年代。那个年代，男女之间的距离无论如何都有助于维持爱情以及恋爱关系的神圣性。
16. The younger generation, with its openness and fading lines of proximity , has jumped on the bandwagon of love with so much haste that it is difficult for them to distinguish between physical attraction and mental compatibilities. What we have been exposed to via the media have fast paced our sensibilities so much that taking things slow requires effort on our parts.
16. 年轻的一代人，由于观念开放，随着男女之间交往界线的消退，他们便急于赶浪头，匆忙恋爱，以至于难以区分身体的互相吸引与心灵的相投。我们从媒体中接触到的人和事，使我们的感情历程大大加速，要想慢慢地体会自己的感受，确实需要付出努力。
17. I am amazed when I hear stories of school kids bragging about the number of physical relationships they have had. I am horrified to learn that girls barely eighteen have already been in and out of seven to eight "hook ups".
17. 每每听到学校的孩子们夸口说自己有过多少次性关系的经历，我都十分惊讶。年仅18岁的女孩们已有过七八次跟异性“勾勾搭搭”的经历，我感觉极其惊骇。
18. I am sorry to learn about the kind of emotional baggage these kids are carrying in what are purely unemotional relationships. Some might blame the current state of affairs on peer pressure. But has anyone ever stopped to figure out where this peer pressure originates? Do any of us try and understand who is responsible for this shift? Does anyone bother to study the state of mind of the teenagers?
18. 这些青少年在全然没有感情的关系中所背负的感情包袱，令我深感难过。也许有些人会把他们目前的感情状况归结为同龄人之间所施加的压力。但是，可曾有任何人停下来想一想同龄人之间的压力来自何处？我们是否尝试着弄清楚是谁造成了这样的转变？可曾有人费神去研究青少年的心理呢？
19. The mindset of this generation is all too evident in the way it handles its personal life. There are more relationships being distorted under the pressures of lust than ever before. There is more focus on physical beauty than on inner charm. There is more of closeness and less of intimacy. There is more of passion and less of emotion. There is more of acquiring and less of sharing. There is more of opportunism and less of selflessness. In short, there is more of ME and less of US.
19. 从这一代人处理个人生活的方式上，我们很容易看出他们的思想倾向。跟从前相比，现在有更多的情感在欲望的压力下扭曲。他们更注重外表的美丽而忽视内在的魅力。两性交往随便了，亲密无间却少了；激情多了，感情却少了；个人获得的多了，相互间分享的少了；寻机获利的现象多了，无私的奉献少了。简而言之，“自我”多了，爱的分享少了。
20. We have hardened ourselves so much in this competitive age that we have forgotten the essence of relationships. There's much more to being someone's lover than gifting them red roses and fifty-cent cards. What about gifting our object of affection, our time, our company, our support, our friendship? What about setting priorities in our lives and focusing on each with sincerity? What about trying to be self-sufficient emotionally before letting ourselves loose? What about giving ourselves, and others, time and space to forge relationships? What about working towards meaningful and lasting friendships? What about honouring our commitments? What about channeling our energies and emotions towards building lifelong bonds rather than wasting them on seasonal relationships?
20. 在这个竞争激烈的年代，我们已经变得麻木不仁，将恋爱的实质抛于脑后。作为恋爱中的人，不只是意味着把红色的玫瑰花和五毛钱一张的卡片送给恋人，我们要做的事情还很多。我们将自己的时间、陪伴、支持和友谊作为礼物送给自己的恋人了吗？我们是否确定了生活中最重要的事情，而后真诚地做好每一件事？我们是否先在情感上成熟起来，再尽情地追求爱情？我们是否给自己、给他人足够的时间和空间以巩固恋情的发展？我们是否为了追求有意义的、永恒的友谊而不遗余力？我们是否履行了自己的承诺？我们是否将自己的精力和感情倾注于终生不渝的关系而不是浪费在朝秦暮楚的关系中？
21. We have but one life and we must experience everything that can make us stronger. True love happens once in a lifetime. And we should not have become so tired by our frivolous acts that when it comes we aren't able to receive it with open arms.
21. 人的生命只有一次，我们必须去体验能使我们更为坚强的每件事。真正的爱情一生只有一次。我们本不该任由轻佻的行为令自己身心疲惫，而当真正的爱情到来时，我们却没有能力伸开双臂迎接它的降临。
Unit 3
What Is Friendship?
Michele E. Doyle & Mark K. Smith
1. When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of firmly agreed and socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate. Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means. To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship.
1. 我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有大家一致赞同并获社会公认的择友标准。在某一情境下，我们会把某个人称为朋友；然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切。因此，人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义，我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。
2. One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms : one based on mutual usefulness, the other on pleasure. So, according to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:
2. 一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。这两种友谊分别是：基于互利的友谊；基于愉悦的友谊。因此，根据亚里士多德的观点，我们可以将友谊分为三类。
3. Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up because that is what keeps it alive. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each other's company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.
3. 建立在功利之上的友谊。功利并非永恒，它依照环境而变化。友谊的根基一旦消失，友谊也随之破灭，因为是功利使其存活。这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见，因为上了年纪的人需要的不是愉悦而是实用。基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利益的中年人和青年人中。这些人不会在一起消磨时光，因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方，因而觉得除非可以互相利用，否则没有交往的必要。只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。
4. Friendship based on pleasure. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure, because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. As they grow up, however, their tastes change too, so that they are quick to make and to break friendships. That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within the same day. But the young do like to spend the day and live together, because that is how they realize the object of their friendship.
4. 建立在愉悦之上的友谊。年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。然而，他们的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化，他们交友容易，分手也干脆。年轻人的态度变化无常，甚至一日数变，难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始，又匆匆地结束。然而年轻人确实喜欢终日作伴，一起生活，他们认为友谊的意义就是如此。
5. Friendship based on goodness. Perfect friendship is based on goodness. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect. And it is those who desire the good of their friends for the friends' sake that are the truest friends, because each loves the other for what he is, and not for any incidental quality. The conduct of good men is the same or similar. It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form. Such friendships are rare because men of this kind are few and they need time and intimacy; for as the saying goes, true friends must go through trials and tribulations together. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love, and so won his trust. The wish for friendship may develop rapidly, but true friendship does not.
5. 建立在美德之上的友谊。完美无瑕的友谊立足于美德。只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的。只有那些为朋友着想、渴望朋友具有美德的人才是真正的朋友。这样的朋友喜欢彼此不是因为某种附带的品质，而是对方真实的为人。品行高尚的人，其行为是相同的，或者是类似的。爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生，而且以最高雅的形式出现。这种友谊是罕见的，因为品行高尚的人并不多见，而且他们需要时间，需要交往。常言道，真正的朋友必须同甘共苦，历经风雨。只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。交友的意愿可能倏忽而至，但真正的友谊却要慢慢培养。
6. Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero, an ancient Roman statesman and orator. His writings on ethics, the philosophy of religion and natural law have been infuential. According to Cicero true friendship is only possible between good men. He further defines "the good" as "those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality; who are free from greed, lust, and violence; and who have the courage of their convictions ." The friendship between good men, based on virtue, does offer material benefits, but it does not seek them. Moreover, just as in friendships and relationships, those who possess any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate, so these latter must not be annoyed at being surpassed in genius, fortune, or rank.
6. 另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。西塞罗论述伦理、宗教哲学和自然规律的作品影响广泛。西塞罗认为，真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，它确实可以带来物质利益，但决不以追求物质利益为目标。而且在处理朋友关系和其它人际关系时，优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人；同样，后者也不能因为对方的天赋、财富、地位在自己之上而恼怒。
7. Thus, we may see that the traditional idea of friendship is made up of three components: Friends must enjoy each other's company; they must be useful to one another; and they must share a commitment to the good . According to the classical views, virtuous friends are bound together, as they recognize each other's moral excellence. To perceive a friend, therefore, is in a manner to perceive oneself; and to know a friend is in a manner to know oneself. Each can be said to provide a mirror in which the other may see himself. The moral excellence of friendship, thus, involves a high level of development and expression of the altruistic emotions of sympathy, concern and care. Friendship of this kind necessarily involves conversations about well-being and of what might be involved in living the good life.
7. 我们由此可以看出，传统的友谊观由三个要素构成：朋友以相伴为乐；朋友必须彼此受益；彼此都有志于崇高的事业。这些传统的友谊观告诉我们，两个品德高尚的朋友是永不分离的，因为彼此认同对方的高尚品德。因此，认识朋友在某种意义上就是认识自我，了解朋友在某种意义上就是了解自我。可以说朋友就好比是一面镜子，每个人都可以从朋友身上看清自己。因此，品德高尚者的友谊，需要更好地培养并表达无私的情感：同情心、关心和爱心。这类友情势必会涉及幸福安康这一类话题，讨论如何过上优质的生活。
Unit 5
Set Your Body's Time Clock to Work for You
Barbara Rowes
1. As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of California's Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow. "For the past fifteen years," says Winget, "we've hardly ever gotten up together."
1. 当第一缕曙光从加利福尼亚硅谷小山上空照射过来时，查尔斯·温格特就睁开了双眼。刚早晨五点钟，温格特就急不可待地要出门。此时，他的妻子把被子往上一拉，把脸埋在枕头下。温格特说，“在过去15年里，我们几乎从未同时起床过。”
2. The Wingets' situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall.
2. 温格特夫妇这种情况并非罕见。我们身体的工作原理也具备时钟运行的复杂特性，不同个体身体的运行速度也如不同时钟一样，略有差异。温格特习惯早起，而他的妻子则在夜幕降临后才精神饱满。
3. Behavioral scientists long attributed such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depending on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that the same patterns could be detected in heart and metabolic rates and body temperature.
3. 长期以来，行为科学家们把这种差异归结为个人怪癖或早期训练。这一思想到了20世纪50年代后期遭遇一个新理论的挑战。生物学家兼内科医生弗朗兹·哈尔伯格称这个理论为“时间生物学”。在哈佛大学的一间实验室里，哈尔伯格博士发现，因当天从身体抽取血液的时间不同，某些血细胞数量上就有可预见性的差异。细胞数量在一天里某个特定时间多一些，而在12小时后会少一些。他还发现，心率、新陈代谢的速度以及体温都可以检测到同样的模式。
4. Halberg's explanation: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes we are accelerating, sometimes slowing down. We achieve peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. Halberg called these regular patterns "circadian rhythms."
4. 哈尔伯格这样解释：我们的身体系统运行的周期大约是25小时，速度并非稳定不变。我们有时加速，有时减速。我们的最佳效率只出现在每天某个有限的时间段。哈尔伯格把这种有规律的模式称为“生理节奏”。
5. Much of the leading work in chronobiology is sponsored today by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Charles Winget, a NASA research physiologist and authority on circadian rhythms, says that circadian principles have been applied to astronauts' work schedules on most of the space-shuttle flights.
5. 今天，时间生物学领域大部分最重要的研究由国家航空航天局资助。查尔斯·温格特是航空航天局生理学家，也是生理节奏方面的权威。他说，在大部分航天飞机飞行中，生理节奏的原理已经被应用在航天员工作日程的安排上。
6. The space-age research has many useful applications here on earth. Chronobiologists can tell you when to eat and still lose weight, what time of day you're best equipped to handle the toughest challenges, when to go to the dentist with your highest threshold of pain and when to exercise for maximum effect. "It's a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort, you have to coordinate the demands of your activities with your biological capacities," Winget says.
6. 航天时代的研究在地面上也已经有许多有益的应用。时间生物学家能告诉你，何时吃东西仍然能减肥，一天中什么时间你最有能力去应付最严峻的挑战，什么时候看牙医最不容易感到疼痛，什么时候运动效果最好。温格特说，“人的效率有一个生物法则：若想花费最小的力气获得最好的效果，必须协调你的活动要求和你的身体能力。”
7. Circadian patterns can be made to work for you. But you must first learn how to recognize them. Winget and his associates have developed the following approach to help you figure out your body's patterns.
7. 你可以让生理节奏模式为你服务。但是，你必须首先学会识别它们。温格特和他的同事们提出如下的方法来帮你找到你的身体节奏模式。
8. Take your temperature one hour after getting up in the morning and then again at four-hour intervals throughout the day. Schedule your last reading as close to bedtime as possible. You should have five readings by the end of the day.
8. 早上起床一小时后，测量体温，然后这一天内每隔四个小时测量一次。最后一次的时间尽可能靠近就寝时间。一天结束前你应该有五次测量的读数。
9. Now add your first, third and fifth readings and record this total. Then add your second and fourth readings and subtract this figure from the first total. That number will be an estimate of your body temperature in the middle of the night. Consider it your sixth reading.
9. 将第一、三、五次的读数相加，记录总和。然后将第二、四次的读数相加，用前面的总和减去这个数字，所得的差大约就是你半夜时分的体温。把它设为第六个读数。
10. Now plot all six readings on graph paper. The variations may seem extremely small — only one-tenth of a degree in some cases — but they are significant. You'll probably find that your temperature will begin to rise between 3 a. m. and 6 a. m., reaching a peak sometime in the late morning or early afternoon. By evening the readings start to drop. They will steadily decline, reaching their lowest points at around 2 a.m.
10. 现在把这六个读数绘在坐标纸上。表面上看，差异或许极小——有时相差只有十分之一度——但这些差异不可忽视。你很可能会发现，你的体温在凌晨三点到六点之间开始上升，在中午前后达到顶峰。到傍晚时，读数开始下降。读数稳定地下降，到凌晨两点左右达到最低点。
11. Of course, individual variations make all the difference. At what hour is your body temperature on the rise? When does it reach its highest point? Its lowest? Once you have familiarized yourself with your patterns, you can take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve your health and productivity.
11. 当然，个体差异关系重大。你的体温在什么时辰上升？何时达到最高点？何时达到最低点？你一旦熟悉了自己的模式，就可以利用时间生物学的方法增进健康、提高效率。
12. We do our best physical work when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. Schedule your most demanding activities when your temperature is highest.
12. 当我们的节奏处于高峰时，我们的体力活做得最好。对于大多数人来说，这样的高峰期会持续大约四个小时。把费力的活动安排在你体温最高的时候。
13. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks, such as mathematical work, are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better pursued between 2 and 4 p.m., the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.
13. 若是脑力活动，时间安排就比较复杂了。诸如数学计算这样高精密度的工作，若在体温处于上升阶段时处理，效果最好。对大多数人来说，这时段就在上午八点到九点之间。相比之下，阅读和思考在下午两点到四点之间进行比较好，这段时间体温通常开始下降。
14. Breakfast should be your largest meal of the day for effective dieting. Calories burn faster one hour after we wake up than they do in the evening. During a six-year research project known as the Army Diet study, Dr. Halberg, chronobiologist Robert Sothern and research associate Erna Halberg monitored the food intake of two groups of men and women. Both ate only one 2,000-calorie meal a day, but one group ate their meal at breakfast and the other at dinner. "All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast," states Sothern. "Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight."
14. 要想有效节食，在一天内早餐应最丰盛。我们起床后一小时，卡路里燃烧的速度远比晚上快得多。在为期六年、名为“军队饮食调查”的一个研究项目中，哈尔伯格博士、时间生物学家罗伯特·萨森和助理研究员厄纳·哈尔伯格一起监控两组男女成员的食物摄入量。两个组均一日一餐，食物热量为2000卡，但是一个组的食物作早餐，另一个组作晚餐。“所有吃早餐的研究对象都减了体重，”萨森说，“那些吃晚餐的成员，体重要么保持原样要么增加。”
15. If foods are processed differently at different times of the day, certainly caffeine, alcohol and medicines will be too. Aspirin compounds, for example, produce the greatest effect in the morning, between 7 and 8. (So does alcohol.) They are least effective between 6 p.m. and midnight. Caffeine has the most impact around 3 in the afternoon. Charles Walker, Dean of the College of Pharmacy at Florida A & M University, explains, "Stimulants are most effective when you are normally active, and sedatives work best when you're naturally sedate or asleep."
15. 在一天不同的时间里，若食物的消化吸收程度存在差异，那么咖啡因、酒精、药物也如此。比如，复方阿司匹林在上午七点到八点之间会产生最强的药效（酒精也一样），而在下午六点到半夜药效最差。咖啡因在下午三点左右作用最强。查尔斯·沃克是佛罗里达州农机大学药学院的院长，他解释说：“当你处于通常的活跃状态时，兴奋剂发挥最大的效力；当你处于自然的镇静或睡眠状态，镇静剂产生最好的效果。”
16. Knowing your rhythms can also help you overcome sleep problems. Consult your body-temperature chart. Your bedtime should coincide with the point at which your temperature is lowest. This is between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. for most people.
16. 懂得你身体的节奏也可以帮你解决睡眠问题。查看你的体温图表。你的就寝时间应该和你体温的最低点相一致。对大多数人来说，这是在夜里十一点到凌晨两点。
17. Dr. Michael Thorpy of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center at Montefore Medical Center in New York City offers other circadian sleep tips: go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. "Irregularity in sleep and waking times is the greatest cause of sleep problems," Dr. Thorpy says. The best way to recover from a bad night's sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. Beware of sleeping pills. "Most sleeping pills won't work for periods longer than two weeks," warns Dr. Thorpy. And there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.
17. 纽约蒙特菲奥里医学中心睡眠--觉醒障碍研究所的迈克尔·索皮博士也提供了其它符合生理节奏的睡眠指导：每天晚上同一时间上床睡觉，每天早上同一时间起床，周末也不例外。索皮博士说：“睡眠时间、清醒时间上的不规律性是睡眠问题的最大诱因。”一宿睡眠不足，最佳弥补方式是继续正常的周期，仅此而已。慎用安眠药。索皮博士告诫说：“大多数安眠药的助眠效果不超过两个星期。”况且，药物确实有在血液里积聚的风险。
18. Knowing your body's patterns is no guarantee of good health. But what chronobiology reveals is the importance of regularity in all aspects of your life and of learning to act in synchronization with your body's natural rhythms.
18. 了解身体节奏模式并不能保证良好的健康状况。但是，时间生物学所揭示的是以下两方面的重要性，一是保持生活诸方面的规律性，二是学会和身体的自然节奏保持一致。
