1 线性回归程序

1.1 从0开始写

# import packages and modules
%matplotlib inline
import torch
from IPython import display
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import random
print(torch.__version__)

# set input feature number 
num_inputs = 2
# set example number
num_examples = 1000

# set true weight and bias in order to generate corresponded label
true_w = [2, -3.4]
true_b = 4.2

features = torch.randn(num_examples, num_inputs,
                      dtype=torch.float32)
labels = true_w[0] * features[:, 0] + true_w[1] * features[:, 1] + true_b
#print (labels)
labels += torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, size=labels.size()),
                       dtype=torch.float32)
#print (labels)
#使用图像查看生成的数据
plt.scatter(features[:, 1].numpy(), labels.numpy(), 1);
#读取数据集
def data_iter(batch_size, features, labels):
    num_examples = len(features)
    indices = list(range(num_examples))
    random.shuffle(indices)  # random read 10 samples
    for i in range(0, num_examples, batch_size):
        j = torch.LongTensor(indices[i: min(i + batch_size, num_examples)]) # the last time may be not enough for a whole batch
        yield  features.index_select(0, j), labels.index_select(0, j)
batch_size = 10
for X, y in data_iter:
    print(X, '\n', y)
    break
    
w = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_inputs, 1)), dtype=torch.float32)
b = torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.float32)

w.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
b.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
#定义模型
def linreg(X, w, b):
    return torch.mm(X, w) + b
def squared_loss(y_hat, y): 
    return (y_hat - y.view(y_hat.size())) ** 2 / 2
def sgd(params, lr, batch_size): 
    for param in params:
        param.data -= lr * param.grad / batch_size # ues .data to operate param without gradient track
#训练
# super parameters init
lr = 0.03
num_epochs = 5

net = linreg
loss = squared_loss

# training
for epoch in range(num_epochs):  # training repeats num_epochs times
    # in each epoch, all the samples in dataset will be used once
    
    # X is the feature and y is the label of a batch sample
    for X, y in data_iter(batch_size, features, labels):
        l = loss(net(X, w, b), y).sum()  
        # calculate the gradient of batch sample loss 
        l.backward()  
        # using small batch random gradient descent to iter model parameters
        sgd([w, b], lr, batch_size)  
        # reset parameter gradient
        w.grad.data.zero_()
        b.grad.data.zero_()
    train_l = loss(net(features, w, b), labels)
    print('epoch %d, loss %f' % (epoch + 1, train_l.mean().item()))
#输出结果
print(w), print(true_w), print(b), print(true_b)

1.2 简洁实现

import torch
from torch import nn
import numpy as np
torch.manual_seed(1)

print(torch.__version__)
torch.set_default_tensor_type('torch.FloatTensor')
#生成数据集
num_inputs = 2
num_examples = 1000

true_w = [2, -3.4]
true_b = 4.2

features = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 1, (num_examples, num_inputs)), dtype=torch.float)
labels = true_w[0] * features[:, 0] + true_w[1] * features[:, 1] + true_b
labels += torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, size=labels.size()), dtype=torch.float)
#读取数据集
import torch.utils.data as Data

batch_size = 10

# combine featues and labels of dataset
dataset = Data.TensorDataset(features, labels)

# put dataset into DataLoader
data_iter = Data.DataLoader(
    dataset=dataset,            # torch TensorDataset format
    batch_size=batch_size,      # mini batch size
    shuffle=True,               # whether shuffle the data or not
    num_workers=2,              # read data in multithreading
)
for X, y in data_iter:
    print(X, '\n', y)
    break
#定义模型
class LinearNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_feature):
        super(LinearNet, self).__init__()      # call father function to init 
        self.linear = nn.Linear(n_feature, 1)  # function prototype: `torch.nn.Linear(in_features, out_features, bias=True)`

    def forward(self, x):
        y = self.linear(x)
        return y
    
net = LinearNet(num_inputs)
print(net)
# ways to init a multilayer network
# method one
net = nn.Sequential(
    nn.Linear(num_inputs, 1)
    # other layers can be added here
    )

# method two
net = nn.Sequential()
net.add_module('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, 1))
# net.add_module ......

# method three
from collections import OrderedDict
net = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([
          ('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, 1))
          # ......
        ]))

print(net)
print(net[0])
#初始化参数
from torch.nn import init

init.normal_(net[0].weight, mean=0.0, std=0.01)
init.constant_(net[0].bias, val=0.0)  # or you can use `net[0].bias.data.fill_(0)` to modify it directly
for param in net.parameters():
    print(param)
#定义损失函数
loss = nn.MSELoss()    # nn built-in squared loss function
                       # function prototype: `torch.nn.MSELoss(size_average=None, reduce=None, reduction='mean')`
#定义优化函数
import torch.optim as optim

optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.03)   # built-in random gradient descent function
print(optimizer)  # function prototype: `torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=, momentum=0, dampening=0, weight_decay=0, nesterov=False)`
#训练
num_epochs = 3
for epoch in range(1, num_epochs + 1):
    for X, y in data_iter:
        output = net(X)
        l = loss(output, y.view(-1, 1))
        optimizer.zero_grad() # reset gradient, equal to net.zero_grad()
        l.backward()
        optimizer.step()
    print('epoch %d, loss: %f' % (epoch, l.item()))
# result comparision
dense = net[0]
print(true_w, dense.weight.data)
print(true_b, dense.bias.data)

2 Softmax与分类模型

2.1 从0开始写

import torch
import torchvision
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l

print(torch.__version__)
print(torchvision.__version__)
#获取训练集和测试集数据
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
#模型参数初始化
num_inputs = 784
print(28*28)
num_outputs = 10

W = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_inputs, num_outputs)), dtype=torch.float)
b = torch.zeros(num_outputs, dtype=torch.float)
W.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
b.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
#对多维Tensor按维度操作
X = torch.tensor([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(X.sum(dim=0, keepdim=True))  # dim为0，按照相同的列求和，并在结果中保留列特征
print(X.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True))  # dim为1，按照相同的行求和，并在结果中保留行特征
print(X.sum(dim=0, keepdim=False)) # dim为0，按照相同的列求和，不在结果中保留列特征
print(X.sum(dim=1, keepdim=False)) # dim为1，按照相同的行求和，不在结果中保留行特征
#定义Softmax操作
def softmax(X):
    X_exp = X.exp()
    partition = X_exp.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
    # print("X size is ", X_exp.size())
    # print("partition size is ", partition, partition.size())
    return X_exp / partition  # 这里应用了广播机制
X = torch.rand((2, 5))
X_prob = softmax(X)
print(X_prob, '\n', X_prob.sum(dim=1))
#Softmax回归模型
def net(X):
    return softmax(torch.mm(X.view((-1, num_inputs)), W) + b)
y_hat = torch.tensor([[0.1, 0.3, 0.6], [0.3, 0.2, 0.5]])
y = torch.LongTensor([0, 2])
y_hat.gather(1, y.view(-1, 1))
def cross_entropy(y_hat, y):
    return - torch.log(y_hat.gather(1, y.view(-1, 1)))
#定义准确率
def accuracy(y_hat, y):
    return (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).float().mean().item()
print(accuracy(y_hat, y))
# 本函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用。该函数将被逐步改进：它的完整实现将在“图像增广”一节中描述
def evaluate_accuracy(data_iter, net):
    acc_sum, n = 0.0, 0
    for X, y in data_iter:
        acc_sum += (net(X).argmax(dim=1) == y).float().sum().item()
        n += y.shape[0]
    return acc_sum / n
print(evaluate_accuracy(test_iter, net))
#训练模型
num_epochs, lr = 5, 0.1

# 本函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
def train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size,
              params=None, lr=None, optimizer=None):
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        train_l_sum, train_acc_sum, n = 0.0, 0.0, 0
        for X, y in train_iter:
            y_hat = net(X)
            l = loss(y_hat, y).sum()
            
            # 梯度清零
            if optimizer is not None:
                optimizer.zero_grad()
            elif params is not None and params[0].grad is not None:
                for param in params:
                    param.grad.data.zero_()
            
            l.backward()
            if optimizer is None:
                d2l.sgd(params, lr, batch_size)
            else:
                optimizer.step() 
            
            
            train_l_sum += l.item()
            train_acc_sum += (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
            n += y.shape[0]
        test_acc = evaluate_accuracy(test_iter, net)
        print('epoch %d, loss %.4f, train acc %.3f, test acc %.3f'
              % (epoch + 1, train_l_sum / n, train_acc_sum / n, test_acc))

train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, cross_entropy, num_epochs, batch_size, [W, b], lr)
#模型预测
X, y = iter(test_iter).next()

true_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(y.numpy())
pred_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(net(X).argmax(dim=1).numpy())
titles = [true + '\n' + pred for true, pred in zip(true_labels, pred_labels)]

d2l.show_fashion_mnist(X[0:9], titles[0:9])

2.2简洁实现

# 加载各种包或者模块
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l

print(torch.__version__)
#初始化参数和获取数据
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
#定义网络模型
num_inputs = 784
num_outputs = 10

class LinearNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_inputs, num_outputs):
        super(LinearNet, self).__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs)
    def forward(self, x): # x 的形状: (batch, 1, 28, 28)
        y = self.linear(x.view(x.shape[0], -1))
        return y
    
# net = LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs)

class FlattenLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FlattenLayer, self).__init__()
    def forward(self, x): # x 的形状: (batch, *, *, ...)
        return x.view(x.shape[0], -1)

from collections import OrderedDict
net = nn.Sequential(
        # FlattenLayer(),
        # LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs) 
        OrderedDict([
           ('flatten', FlattenLayer()),
           ('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs))]) # 或者写成我们自己定义的 LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs) 也可以
        )
#初始化模型参数
init.normal_(net.linear.weight, mean=0, std=0.01)
init.constant_(net.linear.bias, val=0)
#定义损失函数
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 下面是他的函数原型
# class torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=None, size_average=None, ignore_index=-100, reduce=None, reduction='mean')
#定义优化函数
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.1) # 下面是函数原型
# class torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=, momentum=0, dampening=0, weight_decay=0, nesterov=False)
#训练
num_epochs = 5
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)
#展示结果
X, y = iter(test_iter).next()

true_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(y.numpy())
pred_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(net(X).argmax(dim=1).numpy())
titles = [true + '\n' + pred for true, pred in zip(true_labels, pred_labels)]

d2l.show_fashion_mnist(X[0:9], titles[0:9])

3 多层感知机

3.1 从0开始写

import torch
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l
print(torch.__version__)
#获取训练集
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size,root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
#定义模型参数
num_inputs, num_outputs, num_hiddens = 784, 10, 256

W1 = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_inputs, num_hiddens)), dtype=torch.float)
b1 = torch.zeros(num_hiddens, dtype=torch.float)
W2 = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_hiddens, num_outputs)), dtype=torch.float)
b2 = torch.zeros(num_outputs, dtype=torch.float)
print (W1)
params = [W1, b1, W2, b2]
for param in params:
    param.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
#定义激活函数
def relu(X):
    return torch.max(input=X, other=torch.tensor(0.0))
#定义网络
def net(X):
    X = X.view((-1, num_inputs))
    H = relu(torch.matmul(X, W1) + b1)
    return torch.matmul(H, W2) + b2
#定义损失函数
loss = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#训练
num_epochs, lr = 5, 100.0
# def train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size,
#               params=None, lr=None, optimizer=None):
#     for epoch in range(num_epochs):
#         train_l_sum, train_acc_sum, n = 0.0, 0.0, 0
#         for X, y in train_iter:
#             y_hat = net(X)
#             l = loss(y_hat, y).sum()
#             
#             # 梯度清零
#             if optimizer is not None:
#                 optimizer.zero_grad()
#             elif params is not None and params[0].grad is not None:
#                 for param in params:
#                     param.grad.data.zero_()
#            
#             l.backward()
#             if optimizer is None:
#                 d2l.sgd(params, lr, batch_size)
#             else:
#                 optimizer.step()  # “softmax回归的简洁实现”一节将用到
#             
#             
#             train_l_sum += l.item()
#             train_acc_sum += (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
#             n += y.shape[0]
#         test_acc = evaluate_accuracy(test_iter, net)
#         print('epoch %d, loss %.4f, train acc %.3f, test acc %.3f'
#               % (epoch + 1, train_l_sum / n, train_acc_sum / n, test_acc))

d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, params, lr)

3.2 简洁实现

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l

print(torch.__version__)
#初始化模型和参数
num_inputs, num_outputs, num_hiddens = 784, 10, 256
    
net = nn.Sequential(
        d2l.FlattenLayer(),
        nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_hiddens),
        nn.ReLU(),
        nn.Linear(num_hiddens, num_outputs), 
        )
    
for params in net.parameters():
    init.normal_(params, mean=0, std=0.01)
#训练
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size,root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
loss = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.5)

num_epochs = 5
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)

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1 线性回归程序

1.1 从0开始写

1.2 简洁实现

2 Softmax与分类模型

2.1 从0开始写

2.2简洁实现

3 多层感知机

3.1 从0开始写

3.2 简洁实现

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