spring boot项目打成jar包时，获取不到classpath下的文件，报cannot be resolved to absolute file path because it does not reside in the file system

介绍

创建Spring Boot Web应用程序时，有时有时需要从类路径中加载文件；war和jar的加载文件格式是不一样的

在下面，您将找到在WAR和JAR中加载文件的解决方案。

资源加载器

使用Java，您可以使用当前线程的classLoader并尝试加载文件，但是Spring Framework为您提供了更为优雅的解决方案，例如ResourceLoader。

您只需要自动连接ResourceLoader，然后调用getResource(„somePath“)方法即可。

在Spring Boot（WAR）中从资源目录/类路径加载文件的示例

在以下示例中，我们从类路径中加载名为GeoLite2-Country.mmdb的文件作为资源，然后将其作为File对象检索。

@Service("geolocationservice")
public class GeoLocationServiceImpl implements GeoLocationService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GeoLocationServiceImpl.class);

    private static DatabaseReader reader = null;

    private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

    @Autowired
    public GeoLocationServiceImpl(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        try {
            LOGGER.info("GeoLocationServiceImpl: Trying to load GeoLite2-Country database...");

            Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:GeoLite2-Country.mmdb");
            File dbAsFile = resource.getFile();

            // Initialize the reader
            reader = new DatabaseReader
                        .Builder(dbAsFile)
                        .fileMode(Reader.FileMode.MEMORY)
                        .build();

            LOGGER.info("GeoLocationServiceImpl: Database was loaded successfully.");

        } catch (IOException | NullPointerException e) {
            LOGGER.error("Database reader cound not be initialized. ", e);
        }
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy() {
        if (reader != null) {
            try {
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOGGER.error("Failed to close the reader.");
            }
        }
    }
}

在Spring Boot（JAR）中从资源目录/类路径加载文件的示例

 如果您想从Spring Boot JAR中的 classpath加载文件，则必须使用该resource.getInputStream()方法将其作为InputStream检索。如果尝试使用resource.getFile()该方法，则会收到错误消息，因为Spring尝试访问文件系统路径，但无法访问JAR中的路径。

@Service("geolocationservice")
public class GeoLocationServiceImpl implements GeoLocationService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GeoLocationServiceImpl.class);

    private static DatabaseReader reader = null;
    private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

    @Inject
    public GeoLocationServiceImpl(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        try {
            LOGGER.info("GeoLocationServiceImpl: Trying to load GeoLite2-Country database...");

            Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:GeoLite2-Country.mmdb");
            InputStream dbAsStream = resource.getInputStream(); // <-- this is the difference

            // Initialize the reader
            reader = new DatabaseReader
                        .Builder(dbAsStream)
                        .fileMode(Reader.FileMode.MEMORY)
                        .build();

            LOGGER.info("GeoLocationServiceImpl: Database was loaded successfully.");

        } catch (IOException | NullPointerException e) {
            LOGGER.error("Database reader cound not be initialized. ", e);
        }
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy() {
        if (reader != null) {
            try {
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOGGER.error("Failed to close the reader.");
            }
        }
    }
}