关于此课题我将分为上，中，下三部分解析
应用进程内
一 如何使用Intent做Activity的跳转
Intnet intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,TestActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
我们通常会这样写，就能跳转到TestActivity中，但是你知道这简简单单的两行代码在我们庞大的安卓系统中经历了怎样的加工处理吗？接下来我带大家深入到系统内了解整个的启动过程
这里调用了startActivity的函数，这个函数被声明在了Context类中，然后我们的Activity类有重写版本，所以会执行Activity类下的版本，我们跟进。大家准备好了吗。我要发车了！
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
this.startActivity(intent, null);
}
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode) {
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode, null);
}
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
上面有四个函数，基本上都是简单的判断和一些代码的封装，在最后一个函数中，执行了mInstrumentation对象下的execStartActivity函数，这个函数会做一些脱离应用进程的操作，准备通过IBinder机制将请求发送到Ams中。简单说一下传入参数
1.this指的就是我们的MainActivity对象，标明谁是发起者
2.getApplicationThread 获取的是应用标示，因为Android系统中每一个应用都是一个客户，而Ams更像是柜台服务人员
3.mToken是系统的一个内部标示，是ActivityRecord类下的一个静态内部类，里边用弱引用存了一个ActivityRecord对象，会在startActivityForResult函数中应用，标明应该调用谁的onActivityResult函数，后面会有讲到
4.同第一个参数，标明了发起者是谁
5.intent就略过吧，很常用了
6.requestCode这个值也很常用，所以也不做详细介绍了，默认-1
7.options是我们跳转页面需要携带的参数，当然没有参数自然也会是null了
二 接下来我们了解完参数后看一下内部实现吧
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
if (referrer != null) {
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
}
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
ActivityResult result = null;
if (am.ignoreMatchingSpecificIntents()) {
result = am.onStartActivity(intent);
}
if (result != null) {
am.mHits++;
return result;
} else if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
int result = ActivityManager.getService()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
这个实现就是执行intent脱离我们的应用线程，然后发送IBinder消息（俗称IPC）到Ams中，到此处便结束了应用之旅，开始进入系统内部.
另外我在补充一下ActivityMonitor这个类的知识，这个是一个Activity的监视器，可以在写测试类的时候用到，通常是写一个测试类，然后继承InstrumentationTestCase，有兴趣的可以试一下
系统进程内(system_server)
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
这个函数定义在Ams（ActivityManagerService），因为是对外调用的接口，所以为了不做过多的逻辑处理，紧接着转发给了startActivityAsUser函数校验一下发起者身份。我们可以看到其余的参数都是透传过来的，但是最后多出来了一个UserId
UserId：手机上的用户标示，类似于电脑多用户，通过 应用uid / 100000 计算得出，0为手机持有者，默认值为0
Uid：应用id，普通用户从 10000
Pid：进程id
三我们继续向下看吧
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, "startActivityAsUser");
}
通过了mUserController这个对象下的handleIncomingUser函数校验，这个函数会自己在通过UserHandle.getCallingUserId()获取一遍userid，与传入参数的userId做校验，如果一支便返回，所以我们用普通用户的话，这个userId便是0了。随后转交给了ActivityStarter这个类来正式执行开启过程，首先第一站便是startActivityMayWait函数，接下来如果函数过长，我会在代码上加注释，方便阅读。
这个函数的参数也开始变得非常多了。因为后续涉及到的功能太广了，我会把我所知的都写出来分享给大家
- Instant App
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, WaitResult outResult,
Configuration globalConfig, Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId,
TaskRecord inTask, String reason) {
if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
}
mSupervisor.mActivityMetricsLogger.notifyActivityLaunching();
boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;
// Save a copy in case ephemeral needs it
final Intent ephemeralIntent = new Intent(intent);
// Don't modify the client's object!
intent = new Intent(intent);
//判断是否为 instant app，instant app可以通过URL打开，不需要component，所以置为null
//关于 instant app，大家可以去查询一下资料哦
if (componentSpecified
&& intent.getData() != null
&& Intent.ACTION_VIEW.equals(intent.getAction())
&& mService.getPackageManagerInternalLocked()
.isInstantAppInstallerComponent(intent.getComponent())) {
// intercept intents targeted directly to the ephemeral installer the
// ephemeral installer should never be started with a raw URL; instead
// adjust the intent so it looks like a "normal" instant app launch
intent.setComponent(null /*component*/);
componentSpecified = false;
}
//通过Pms（PackageManagerService），并且通过我们传递过来的intent去查询目标页面的R
//esolveInfo。这个类里放了ActivityInfo、ServiceInfo、ProviderInfo，大家可以在
//demo中通过PackageManager.resolveActivity函数来获取该对象
ResolveInfo rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, resolvedType, userId);
if (rInfo == null) {
UserInfo userInfo = mSupervisor.getUserInfo(userId);
if (userInfo != null && userInfo.isManagedProfile()) {
// Special case for managed profiles, if attempting to launch non-cryto aware
// app in a locked managed profile from an unlocked parent allow it to resolve
// as user will be sent via confirm credentials to unlock the profile.
UserManager userManager = UserManager.get(mService.mContext);
boolean profileLockedAndParentUnlockingOrUnlocked = false;
long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
UserInfo parent = userManager.getProfileParent(userId);
profileLockedAndParentUnlockingOrUnlocked = (parent != null)
&& userManager.isUserUnlockingOrUnlocked(parent.id)
&& !userManager.isUserUnlockingOrUnlocked(userId);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
}
if (profileLockedAndParentUnlockingOrUnlocked) {
rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, resolvedType, userId,
PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
| PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE);
}
}
}
// 这块便是通过解析ResolveInfo，得到ActivityInfo对象，这个ActivityInfo大家应该比较熟悉了。就是我们开发中偶尔也会用到ActivityInfo
ActivityInfo aInfo = mSupervisor.resolveActivity(intent, rInfo, startFlags, profilerInfo);
// 这个便是通过解析bundle，查看是否有对activity的启动要求，比如动画之类附加属性，
// 当然了，我们的bundle都是null了，options自然也会是null
ActivityOptions options = ActivityOptions.fromBundle(bOptions);
synchronized (mService) {
//这块通过Binder获取到了真实的pid和uid，便把行参中的uid和pid置为了-1
//因为callingUid在在调用该方法的时候被传入了-1，大家可以去上边仔细看看
// caller是不会为空的。它是我们的应用标示，IApplicationThread对象
final int realCallingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int realCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
int callingPid;
if (callingUid >= 0) {
callingPid = -1;
} else if (caller == null) {
callingPid = realCallingPid;
callingUid = realCallingUid;
} else {
callingPid = callingUid = -1;
}
final ActivityStack stack = mSupervisor.mFocusedStack;
stack.mConfigWillChange = globalConfig != null
&& mService.getGlobalConfiguration().diff(globalConfig) != 0;
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//这块是一个系统级别的判断，我们普通的应用是没有权限使用PRIVATE_FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE这个标记的，这块是对重量级线程的处理过程，由于是系统级别的处理，我就没仔细研读，抱歉啦～大概意思便是替换了intent，换上了新的配置
if (aInfo != null &&
(aInfo.applicationInfo.privateFlags
& ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
// This may be a heavy-weight process! Check to see if we already
// have another, different heavy-weight process running.
if (aInfo.processName.equals(aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName)) {
final ProcessRecord heavy = mService.mHeavyWeightProcess;
if (heavy != null && (heavy.info.uid != aInfo.applicationInfo.uid
|| !heavy.processName.equals(aInfo.processName))) {
int appCallingUid = callingUid;
if (caller != null) {
ProcessRecord callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp != null) {
appCallingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
} else {
Slog.w(TAG, "Unable to find app for caller " + caller
+ " (pid=" + callingPid + ") when starting: "
+ intent.toString());
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
}
IIntentSender target = mService.getIntentSenderLocked(
ActivityManager.INTENT_SENDER_ACTIVITY, "android",
appCallingUid, userId, null, null, 0, new Intent[] { intent },
new String[] { resolvedType }, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT
| PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT, null);
Intent newIntent = new Intent();
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// Caller is requesting a result.
newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_HAS_RESULT, true);
}
newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_INTENT,
new IntentSender(target));
if (heavy.activities.size() > 0) {
ActivityRecord hist = heavy.activities.get(0);
newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_CUR_APP,
hist.packageName);
newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_CUR_TASK,
hist.getTask().taskId);
}
newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_NEW_APP,
aInfo.packageName);
newIntent.setFlags(intent.getFlags());
newIntent.setClassName("android",
HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.class.getName());
intent = newIntent;
resolvedType = null;
caller = null;
callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
componentSpecified = true;
rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, null /*resolvedType*/, userId);
aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
if (aInfo != null) {
aInfo = mService.getActivityInfoForUser(aInfo, userId);
}
}
}
}
//此处创建一个ActivityRecord数组，然后startActivityLocked会填充上0索引，以便于执行完了startActivityLocked函数后保存对象并作后边的处理工作，这个小技巧大家也可以在日常开发中用到，并不是只有返回值哦～
//我们可以去下一站了，去startActivityLocked内了
final ActivityRecord[] outRecord = new ActivityRecord[1];
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, inTask,
reason);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
if (stack.mConfigWillChange) {
// If the caller also wants to switch to a new configuration,
// do so now. This allows a clean switch, as we are waiting
// for the current activity to pause (so we will not destroy
// it), and have not yet started the next activity.
mService.enforceCallingPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION,
"updateConfiguration()");
stack.mConfigWillChange = false;
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG_CONFIGURATION,
"Updating to new configuration after starting activity.");
mService.updateConfigurationLocked(globalConfig, null, false);
}
if (outResult != null) {
outResult.result = res;
if (res == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
mSupervisor.mWaitingActivityLaunched.add(outResult);
do {
try {
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (outResult.result != START_TASK_TO_FRONT
&& !outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
if (outResult.result == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
res = START_TASK_TO_FRONT;
}
}
if (res == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
final ActivityRecord r = outRecord[0];
// ActivityRecord may represent a different activity, but it should not be in
// the resumed state.
if (r.nowVisible && r.state == RESUMED) {
outResult.timeout = false;
outResult.who = r.realActivity;
outResult.totalTime = 0;
outResult.thisTime = 0;
} else {
outResult.thisTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mSupervisor.waitActivityVisible(r.realActivity, outResult);
// Note: the timeout variable is not currently not ever set.
do {
try {
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (!outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
}
}
}
mSupervisor.mActivityMetricsLogger.notifyActivityLaunched(res, outRecord[0]);
return res;
}
}
四 虽然有很多注释，看完这个方法我还是在做一个总结吧
这个函数做了两件重要的事情，一个是获取ResolveInfo，一个是获取ActivityInfo，就是目标Activity的基本信息。
下篇文章我们继续研读startActivityLocked函数