ConcurrentHashMap继承关系
public class ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements ConcurrentMap<K,V>, Serializable java.util.AbstractMap
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap
java.io.Serializable
ConcurrentHashMap总结
1、JDK1.8的ConcurrentHashMap中Segment虽保留，但已经简化属性，仅仅是为了兼容旧版本。
2、ConcurrentHashMap的底层与Java1.8的HashMap有相通之处，底层依然由数组+链表+红黑树来实现的，底层结构存放的是TreeBin对象，而不是TreeNode对象；
3、ConcurrentHashMap实现中借用了较多的CAS算法，unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update); CAS(Compare And Swap)，意思是如果valueOffset位置包含的值与expect值相同，则更新valueOffset位置的值为update，并返回true，否则不更新，返回false。
ConcurrentHashMap既然借助了CAS来实现非阻塞的无锁实现线程安全，那么是不是就没有用锁了呢？？答案：还是使用了synchronized关键字进行同步了的，在哪里使用了呢？在操作hash值相同的链表的头结点还是会synchronized上锁，这样才能保证线程安全。
看完ConcurrentHashMap整个类的源码，给自己的感觉就是和HashMap的实现基本一模一样，当有修改操作时借助了synchronized来对table[i]进行锁定保证了线程安全以及使用了CAS来保证原子性操作，其它的基本一致，例如：ConcurrentHashMap的get(int key)方法的实现思路为：根据key的hash值找到其在table所对应的位置i,然后在table[i]位置所存储的链表(或者是树)进行查找是否有键为key的节点，如果有，则返回节点对应的value，否则返回null。思路是不是很熟悉，是不是和HashMap中该方法的思路一样。所以，如果你也在看ConcurrentHashMap的源码，不要害怕，思路还是原来的思路，只是多了些许东西罢了。
源码解析
1、数组+链表
transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;2、单链表
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
volatile V val;
volatile Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.val = val;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return val; }
public final int hashCode() { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
public final String toString(){ return key + "=" + val; }
public final V setValue(V value) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
(k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
(v = e.getValue()) != null &&
(k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
(v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
}
/**
* Virtualized support for map.get(); overridden in subclasses.
*/
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
Node<K,V> e = this;
if (k != null) {
do {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
return null;
}
}
3、红黑树TreeNode
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
TreeNode<K,V> left;
TreeNode<K,V> right;
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red;
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
this.parent = parent;
}
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
return findTreeNode(h, k, null);
}
/**
* Returns the TreeNode (or null if not found) for the given key
* starting at given root.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> findTreeNode(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
if (k != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
do {
int ph, dir; K pk; TreeNode<K,V> q;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
p = pl;
else if (ph < h)
p = pr;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if (pl == null)
p = pr;
else if (pr == null)
p = pl;
else if ((kc != null ||
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
else if ((q = pr.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null)
return q;
else
p = pl;
} while (p != null);
}
return null;
}
}
和HashMap相比，这里的TreeNode相当简洁；ConcurrentHashMap链表转树时，并不会直接转，正如注释（Nodes for use in TreeBins）所说，只是把这些节点包装成TreeNode放到TreeBin中，再由TreeBin来转化红黑树。红黑树不理解没关系，并不影响看ConcurrentHashMap的内部实现
4、内部类TreeBins
TreeBin用于封装维护TreeNode，包含putTreeVal、lookRoot、UNlookRoot、remove、balanceInsetion、balanceDeletion等方法，当链表转树时，用于封装TreeNode，也就是说，ConcurrentHashMap的红黑树存放的时TreeBin，而不是treeNode。
static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> root;
volatile TreeNode<K,V> first;
volatile Thread waiter;
volatile int lockState;
// values for lockState
static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock
static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock
static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
/**
* Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
* hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
* order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
* equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
* necessary simplifies testing a bit.
*/
static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
int d;
if (a == null || b == null ||
(d = a.getClass().getName().
compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
-1 : 1);
return d;
}
/**
* Creates bin with initial set of nodes headed by b.
*/
TreeBin(TreeNode<K,V> b) {
super(TREEBIN, null, null, null);
this.first = b;
TreeNode<K,V> r = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> x = b, next; x != null; x = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
x.left = x.right = null;
if (r == null) {
x.parent = null;
x.red = false;
r = x;
}
else {
K k = x.key;
int h = x.hash;
Class<?> kc = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = r;;) {
int dir, ph;
K pk = p.key;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
x.parent = xp;
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
r = balanceInsertion(r, x);
break;
}
}
}
}
this.root = r;
assert checkInvariants(root);
}
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateLeft(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> r, pp, rl;
if (p != null && (r = p.right) != null) {
if ((rl = p.right = r.left) != null)
rl.parent = p;
if ((pp = r.parent = p.parent) == null)
(root = r).red = false;
else if (pp.left == p)
pp.left = r;
else
pp.right = r;
r.left = p;
p.parent = r;
}
return root;
}
5、CAS操作
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) {
return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
}
static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
}
static final <K,V> void setTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> v) {
U.putObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, v);
}参考文档：
1. https://blog.csdn.net/u010412719/article/details/52145145