本文为美国加州州立理工大学（作者：Jason Garvey Schray）的硕士论文，共80页。
加州理工大学以前的几个论文项目包括合成孔径雷达（SAR）、自动目标识别（ATR）和跟踪。SAR数据可以从公开的数据库下载获取或使用复杂的计算机建模软件生成。该双学位论文项目的研究动机是设计并构建支撑加州理工雷达项目的比例SAR系统。理想地说，这是一种低成本、高分辨率的SAR架构，可以为任何期望的目标照射区域产生原始的距离-多普勒数据。为此，成功设计、建造并测试了比例化的SAR系统。但是，本文设计的SAR系统还没有进行方位脉压和距离单元徙动校正，这些功能可以留待后续进一步完善。
本文设计的SAR系统带宽为1GHz，该系统由模拟射频前端电路、两副天线、机械轨道平台、电源、示波器以及控制和图像处理软件组成。本文的研究包括射频模拟前端电路和信号处理软件的设计与评估。
射频放大器集成电路（ICs）的评估有两个目的：增加发射信号强度和改善系统信噪比（SNR）。通过测量压控振荡器VCO的调谐特性和带宽，以验证其支持系统设计指标的能力。设计、组装和测试了斜坡发生器电路。研究了多种超宽带（UWB）带通滤波器对接收信号的镜像抑制。设计、组装并测试了低通滤波器（LPF）以减小噪声。用已知位置的多个目标对整个系统进行测试。
本项目是与MSEE学生Ryan Green联合完成的，要了解整个项目，请同时参阅两篇论文。整个项目在两篇论文中都进行了充分的描述，但每一篇论文都专门在选定的领域进行研究。Ryan Green的论文主要工作集中在系统控制软件、天线设计和机械导轨平台上。
本文的主要内容集中在射频电路、模拟电路和图像处理设计上，引言部分介绍了雷达系统的概念和SAR系统，其余部分描述了相关组成部件的设计、性能与实验结果。
Several previous Cal Poly thesis projects involve synthetic apertureradar (SAR), automatic target recognition (ATR), and tracking. SAR data waseither accessed from a publicly available database or generated using complexcomputer modeling software. The motivation for this dual thesis project is todesign and construct a scaled SAR system to support Cal Poly radar projects.Ideally this is a low-cost, high resolution SAR architecture that produces rawrange Doppler data for any desired target area. To that end, a scaled SARsystem was successfully designed, built, and tested. The current SAR system,however, does not perform azimuthal compression and range cell migrationcorrection. These functionalities can be pursued by future students joining theongoing radar project. The system built for this thesis is a 1 GHz bandwidthSAR system. The system is comprised of analog/RF front end circuitry, twoantennas, a mechanical rail platform, power supplies, an oscilloscope, andcontrol and image processing software. This thesis covers the design andevaluation of the analog/radio frequency (RF) front end circuitry and signalprocessing software. RF amplifier integrated circuits (ICs) were evaluated fortwo purposes: increasing transmitted signal strength and improving systemsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A voltage-controlled oscillator‟s (VCO) tuningcharacteristic and bandwidth were measured to verify its ability to support systemspecifications. A ramp generator circuit was designed, assembled and tested. Multipleultra wide band (UWB) band pass filters were investigated for received signalimage rejection. A low pass filter (LPF) was designed, assembled and tested fornoise reduction. The overall system was tested with multiple known targetlocations. This thesis is a joint project with Ryan Green, MSEE student. Tounderstand the entire project, refer to both thesis documents. The overallproject is covered broadly in both papers but each report specializes inselected areas. Ryan Green‟s thesis document focuses on the system controlsoftware, antenna design, and mechanical rail platform. This thesis documentfocuses on the RF circuitry, analog circuitry, and image processing. The introductorysection introduces radar system concepts and the SAR system layout. Theremaining sections describe component designs, component performance and systemresults.
1 引言
1.1 雷达系统应用
1.2 雷达历史回顾
1.3 雷达系统概述
2 低通滤波器LPF
2.1 LPF技术指标
2.2 LPF设计
2.3 LPF制造
2.4 实验结果与比较
2.5 结论
3 超宽频带通滤波器UWBPF
3.1 UWBPF技术指标
3.2 四分之一波长耦合的四分之一波长谐振器
3.3 UWB合成技术
3.4 折叠滤波器拓扑
3.5 滤波器设计讨论
4 放大器板
4.1 放大器板技术指标
4.2 Mini-Circuits ZX60-V63+放大器
4.3 Mini-Circuits ERA-2SM+
4.4 Mini-Circuits PHA-1+
4.5 放大器讨论
5 斜坡发生器电路
5.1 线性放大器设计
5.2 电流镜设计
5.3 设计比较
6 信号处理
6.1 距离匹配滤波
6.2 方位信号处理
7 测试步骤
7.1 VCO输出
7.2 系统性能
8 未来工作展望
8.1 提高输出放大器的1dB压缩点
8.2 发射与接收天线之间的隔离度
8.3 通过增加带宽提高距离分辨力
9 结论
附录A 通带纹波效应对距离分辨力的影响
附录B 放大器增益纹波效应对距离分辨力的影响
附录C 非冗余滤波器合成方程
附录D 斜坡发生器组成列表
附录E 信号处理代码
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