查：
filter 支持很多的过滤条件，我们来看下：
contains
包含，相当于sql的like条件
|
1
|
Entry.objects.get(headline__contains=
'Lennon'
)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
headline
LIKE
'%Lennon%'
;
|
Note this will match the headline 'Lennon honored today' but not 'lennon honored today'.
icontains 大小写不敏感
in
In a given iterable; often a list, tuple, or queryset.
|
1
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(id__in
=
[
1
,
3
,
4
])
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
id
IN
(1, 3, 4);
|
You can also use a queryset to dynamically evaluate the list of values instead of providing a list of literal values:
|
1
2
|
inner_qs
=
Blog.objects.
filter
(name__contains
=
'Cheddar'
)
entries
=
Entry.objects.
filter
(blog__in
=
inner_qs)
|
This queryset will be evaluated as subselect statement:
|
1
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
blog.id
IN
(
SELECT
id
FROM
...
WHERE
NAME
LIKE
'%Cheddar%'
)
|
gt
|
1
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(id__gt
=
4
)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
id > 4;
|
gte
Greater than or equal to.
lt
Less than.
lte
Less than or equal to.
startswith
Case-sensitive starts-with.
|
1
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(headline__startswith
=
'Lennon'
)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
headline
LIKE
'Lennon%'
;
|
SQLite doesn’t support case-sensitive LIKE statements; startswith acts like istartswith for SQLite
istartswith
Case-insensitive starts-with.
endswith
Case-sensitive ends-with.
iendswith
Case-insensitive ends-with
range
区间过渡，可对数字、日期进行过滤
|
1
2
3
4
|
import
datetime
start_date
=
datetime.date(
2005
,
1
,
1
)
end_date
=
datetime.date(
2005
,
3
,
31
)
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__range
=
(start_date, end_date))
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
|
SELECT ... WHERE pub_date BETWEEN
'2005-01-01'
and
'2005-03-31'
;
|
Warning！
Filtering a DateTimeField with dates won’t include items on the last day, because the bounds are interpreted as “0am on the given date”. If pub_date was a DateTimeField, the above expression would be turned into this SQL:
SELECT ... WHERE pub_date BETWEEN '2005-01-01 00:00:00' and '2005-03-31 00:00:00';
Generally speaking, you can’t mix dates and datetimes.
date
For datetime fields, casts the value as date. Allows chaining additional field lookups. Takes a date value.
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__date
=
datetime.date(
2005
,
1
,
1
))
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__date__gt
=
datetime.date(
2005
,
1
,
1
))
|
year
For date and datetime fields, an exact year match. Allows chaining additional field lookups. Takes an integer year.
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__year
=
2005
)
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__year__gte
=
2005
)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
2
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
pub_date
BETWEEN
'2005-01-01'
AND
'2005-12-31'
;
SELECT
...
WHERE
pub_date >=
'2005-01-01'
;
|
When USE_TZ is True, datetime fields are converted to the current time zone before filtering. 简单解决办法是把USE_TZ=False
month
For date and datetime fields, an exact month match. Allows chaining additional field lookups. Takes an integer 1 (January) through 12 (December).
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__month
=
12
)
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__month__gte
=
6
)
|
When USE_TZ is True, datetime fields are converted to the current time zone before filtering. This requires time zone definitions in the database.
SQL equivalent:
|
1
2
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'month'
FROM
pub_date) =
'12'
;
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'month'
FROM
pub_date) >=
'6'
;
|
day
For date and datetime fields, an exact day match. Allows chaining additional field lookups. Takes an integer day.
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3)
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
2
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'day'
FROM
pub_date) =
'3'
;
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'day'
FROM
pub_date) >=
'3'
;
|
week
For date and datetime fields, return the week number (1-52 or 53) according to ISO-8601, i.e., weeks start on a Monday and the first week contains the year’s first Thursday.
Example:
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__week
=
52
)
Entry.objects.
filter
(pub_date__week__gte
=
32
, pub_date__week__lte
=
38
)
|
week_day
For date and datetime fields, a ‘day of the week’ match. Allows chaining additional field lookups.
Takes an integer value representing the day of week from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday).
Example:
|
1
2
|
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2)
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2)
|
hour
For datetime and time fields, an exact hour match. Allows chaining additional field lookups. Takes an integer between 0 and 23.
Example:
|
1
2
3
|
Event.objects.
filter
(timestamp__hour
=
23
)
Event.objects.
filter
(time__hour
=
5
)
Event.objects.
filter
(timestamp__hour__gte
=
12
)
|
SQL equivalent:
|
1
2
3
|
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'hour'
FROM
timestamp
) =
'23'
;
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'hour'
FROM
time
) =
'5'
;
SELECT
...
WHERE
EXTRACT(
'hour'
FROM
timestamp
) >=
'12'
;同
|
同时，还支持mintue,second
|
1
2
3
4
|
Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46)
Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31)
|