1.3 子查询
语法：select * from 表1 where （子查询）
外面的查询称为父查询
子查询为父查询提供查询条件
1.3.1 标量子查询
特点：子查询返回的值是一个
-- 查找笔试成绩是80的学生
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno=(select stuno from stumarks where writtenexam=80);
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25303 | 李斯文 | 女 | 22 | 2 | 北京 |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 查找最高分的学生
-- 方法一
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno=(select stuno from stumarks order by writtenexam desc limit 1);
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25303 | 李斯文 | 女 | 22 | 2 | 北京 |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 方法二：
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno=(select stuno from stumarks where writtenexam=(select max(writtenexam) from stumarks))
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25303 | 李斯文 | 女 | 22 | 2 | 北京 |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.2 列子查询
特点： 子查询返回的结果是一列
如果子查询的结果返回多条记录，不能使用等于，用in或not in
-- 查找及格的同学
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno in (select stuno from stumarks where writtenexam>=60);
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25301 | 张秋丽 | 男 | 18 | 1 | 北京 |
| s25303 | 李斯文 | 女 | 22 | 2 | 北京 |
| s25304 | 欧阳俊雄 | 男 | 28 | 4 | 天津 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 查询不及格的同学
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno in (select stuno from stumarks where writtenexam<60);
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25302 | 李文才 | 男 | 31 | 3 | 上海 |
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 查询需要补考的学生
mysql> select * from stuinfo where stuno not in (select stuno from stumarks where writtenexam>=60);
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
| s25302 | 李文才 | 男 | 31 | 3 | 上海 |
| s25305 | 诸葛丽丽 | 女 | 23 | 7 | 河南 |
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 |
| s25319 | 梅超风 | 女 | 23 | 5 | 河北 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.3 行子查询
特点：子查询返回的结果是多个字段组成
-- 查找语文成绩最高的男生和女生
mysql> select * from stu where(stusex,ch) in (select stusex,max(ch) from stu group by stusex);
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress | ch | math |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 | 86 | 92 |
| s25321 | Tabm | 女 | 23 | 9 | 河北 | 88 | 77 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.4 表子查询
特点：将子查询的结果作为表
-- 查找语文成绩最高的男生和女生
mysql> select * from (select * from stu order by ch desc) t group by stusex;
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress | ch | math |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| s25321 | Tabm | 女 | 23 | 9 | 河北 | 88 | 77 |
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 | 86 | 92 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意：from后面跟的是数据源，如果将子查询当成表来看， 必须给结果集取别名。
1.3.5 exists子查询
-- 如果笔试成绩有人超过80人，就显示所有学生信息
mysql> select * from stuinfo where exists (select * from stumarks where writtenexam>=80);
-- 没有超过80的学生，就显示所有学生信息
mysql> select * from stuinfo where not exists (select * from stumarks where writtenexam>=80);
Empty set (0.00 sec)
作用：提高查询效率
