【托福】写作
综合写作
3分钟阅读一篇学术论文，写作过程还会出现
约2分钟听一个听力讲座的部分内容
作文字数150-225，作答时间20分钟
动物学和考古学是考察重点 ，文学和社会学考察比例相对较低
主要有主论点和三个分论点构成
独立写作
教育类和生活类是考察重点，作答时间30分钟
题型：
- A/D （agree or disagree）
- Preference
- Options from 3 objects
- 建议型
题目有should
同意：给出同意的几个原因或可能会带来的结果
反对：列出反对该建议的几个原因 - 极端词型
题目中有only，best，always，never等等
持反对态度，先让步，承认所说的（Admittedly），再以极端词所修饰的名词为突破口进行论述。 - 因果关系陈述性
Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.
持反对态度，承认A是导致B的原因之一，阐述其他导致B的原因 - 比较型
一边倒写法或者让步写法 - 现象解释型
首段描述该现象，然后论述导致该现象的原因或者特点
漏斗法
交代背景：首先交代一些与题目有关的背景
引出话题：然后用自己的话复述题目
提出主题：最后给出全文的主题叙述
eg：If children want to do well in school，parents should limit their hours of watching TV programs or movies.
- 如何确定背景？根据题目信息确定
children/school - 儿童教育
do well - 教育质量
TV programs or movies - 大众传媒
总结背景：大众传媒对儿童教育有着重要的影响 - 如何表达背景？
It is widely accepted that modern media，especially televison and movies，have exerted a significant influence on teenagers‘ education.
When it comes to the correlation between children’s education and modern media, many concern that modern media, especially televison and movies，have exerted a significant influence on the quality of education they receive.
It is universally acknowledged/well-known that
Nowadays, there is a tendency that
The influence of sth on sth can’t be ignored - 如何复述题目？
词语替换（同义替换，词性替换）或者句型替换（主被动替换，逻辑关系改写）
词语替换
people – individuals
prefer – preference
live – reside
big city – metropolis
句型替换
Some parents believe it essential to strictly manage their kids‘ time spent on TV programs or movies so that they can have a good performance in school. - 如何提出主论点？
驳斥法
作出让步
驳斥观点
陈述主论点 ：和漏斗法一致
作出让步
Undoubtedly，studying individually has a number of advantages over studying with a group of students. No distraction is the major benefit. Another virtue is the flexible pace at which one can study one’s course.
驳斥观点
寻找对立面的不足之处，并指出正方观点的优势
however、nevertheless、by contrast、different from、in contrast等等
结尾段的三种写法：
- 补充法
重申主论点
补充总结：总结全文分论点/比较论证对象的适用范围（比较题型）/提出建议 - 驳斥法
重申主论点
反方弱点：针对比较型话题，集中申述反方观点的劣势，以增强全文论证力度 - 反问法
重申主论点
反问句：例如how can one ignore the fact that…?
如何重申主论点？
in brief/in a nutshell/in summary/in light of these facts/considering these ideas
词汇
动宾搭配 urge sb to do sth
介宾搭配 …in length 长度上
形容词和名词搭配 prudent/frugal/thrifty life 节俭的生活
