文章目录
MYSQL-mysql版本升级到5.7并迁移数据
1. 安装mariadb数据库，并测试登录
[root@server ~]# yum install -y mariadb*
[root@server ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@server ~]# mysql # 刚安装mariadb数据库，所有账号都是没有密码的。可以匿名登录进去的。
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; # 显示有哪些数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql; # 切换到mysql数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user; # mysql存放数据库用户和权限信息，显示数据库用户信息。
+-----------+------+----------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+----------+
| localhost | root | |
| server | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
| localhost | | |
| server | | |
+-----------+------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> set password for root@localhost = password('123456'); # 设置root@localhost用户的密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges; # 刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user; # 可以看到root用户是有密码的了
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| server | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
| localhost | | |
| server | | |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 # 这时可以使用root用户登录
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select user(); # 可以看到当前登录用户是root@localhost
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@server ~]# mysql # 可以看到，已经不能匿名登录了。
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2.查看test数据库并备份数据
在test数据库下创建一个表student：
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use test;
Database changed
MariaDB [test]> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> create table student(
-> id int not null,
-> name char(10) null,
-> grade char(10) null,
-> primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
======================================================================
create table student( id int not null,name char(10) null,grade char(10) null,primary key(id));
=======================================================================
MariaDB [test]> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
插入数据：
MariaDB [test]> insert into student values(1,'a',10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> insert into student values(2,'b',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> select * from student;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | grade |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | a | 10 |
| 2 | b | 20 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> exit # mysql数据库中，DDL语句是自动提交事务的，而oracle数据库是需要使用commit语句提交事务的。
Bye
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [test]> select * from student;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | grade |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | a | 10 |
| 2 | b | 20 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
备份test数据库：
[root@server ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B test > test.sql
[root@server ~]# ll test.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2059 9月 8 20:44 test.sql
3. 卸载mariadb数据库
[root@server ~]# yum remove mariadb* -y
[root@server ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
[root@server ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql # 删除mysql数据库的默认数据文档存储目录，否则在安装mysql时会自动使用该目录。
[root@server ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
4. 安装高版本mysql数据库
[root@server ~]# rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com//yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@server ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
centos7_local.repo mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo
[root@server ~]# yum list # 刷新yum源缓存
[root@server ~]# yum install mysql-community-server.x86_64 -y
# 可以看到mysql数据库已经正常启动了
[root@server ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@server ~]# netstat -antup | grep mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 78606/mysqld
[root@server ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/ # 在启动mysql数据库后，可以看到已经初始化成功了。
总用量 122952
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 9月 8 22:18 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 9月 8 22:18 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 9月 8 22:18 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 9月 8 22:18 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 9月 8 22:18 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 431 9月 8 22:18 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 9月 8 22:18 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 9月 8 22:18 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 9月 8 22:18 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 9月 8 22:18 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 22:18 mysql
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 9月 8 22:18 mysql.sock
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 6 9月 8 22:18 mysql.sock.lock
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 9月 8 22:18 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 9月 8 22:18 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 9月 8 22:18 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 9月 8 22:18 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 9月 8 22:18 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 9月 8 22:18 sys
登录mysql数据库：
# mysql数据库默认不允许匿名登录
[root@server ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
# 查看日志获取root用户的临时密码
# 临时密码：Ov3Ppf+hRLad
[root@server ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2020-09-08T14:18:41.375545Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ov3Ppf+hRLad
2020-09-08T14:36:35.431729Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
# 修改root@localhost密码
# 要有大小写字母、数字、特殊字符，长度8位及以上。
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('Abong123.');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
# 测试登录，可以看到是可以使用密码登录了。
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -pAbong123.
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
5. 恢复数据
# 由于test.sql文件的所有者和所属组为mysql，故要在/var/lib/mysql目录下上传文件。
[root@server ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@server mysql]# rz
[root@server mysql]# ll test.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2059 9月 8 21:46 test.sql
# 登录mysql数据库，查看下当前有哪些数据库，可以看到没有test数据库，故可以导入。
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -pAbong123.
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 根据sql文件导入数据库
# 有一个警告，是说在命令行使用明文密码是不安全的，不影响导入。
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -pAbong123. < /var/lib/mysql/test.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 查看数据恢复情况，可以看到数据库以及数据表都已经恢复回来了。
[root@server ~]# mysql -uroot -pAbong123.
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| student |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | grade |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | a | 10 |
| 2 | b | 20 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
以上就是mysql数据库迁移以及版本升级的全过程了，无非就是备份数据，然后卸载重装mysql数据库，最后恢复数据。
为了方便以后的学习，可以打个快照。