【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)

这是 Lv3 电脑级别,其中的逻辑是1.由我自己推导电脑不败之法,2.当没有变数时,调用 Lv2 函数

程序

//This program is a simple tic-tac-toe game.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstddef>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <ctime>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

vector<vector<char>> point_now{
    
     {
    
     ' ', ' ', ' '},{
    
    ' ', ' ', ' '},{
    
     ' ', ' ', ' '} };
const string location_computer[3][3] = {
    
     {
    
    "A1","A2","A3"},{
    
    "B1","B2","B3"},{
    
    "C1","C2","C3"} };
char player = 'X';
char computer_player = 'X';
unsigned step_count = 0;

int win_lose(vector<vector<char>> point, int n)
{
    
    
	if (point[0][0] == point[0][1] && point[0][1] == point[0][2] && point[0][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[1][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[1][2] && point[1][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[2][0] == point[2][1] && point[2][1] == point[2][2] && point[2][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[0][0] == point[1][0] && point[1][0] == point[2][0] && point[0][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[0][1] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][1] && point[0][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[0][2] == point[1][2] && point[1][2] == point[2][2] && point[0][2] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[0][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][2] && point[1][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
	if (point[0][2] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][0] && point[1][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins

	if (point[0][0] == point[0][1] && point[0][1] == point[0][2] && point[0][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[1][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[1][2] && point[1][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[2][0] == point[2][1] && point[2][1] == point[2][2] && point[2][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[0][0] == point[1][0] && point[1][0] == point[2][0] && point[0][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[0][1] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][1] && point[0][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[0][2] == point[1][2] && point[1][2] == point[2][2] && point[0][2] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[0][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][2] && point[1][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
	if (point[0][2] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][0] && point[1][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins

	if (n == 9) return 3; // end up in a draw
	else return 0; // unfinished
}

void game_player_change(char& player)
{
    
    
	if (player == 'X')
		player = '0'; // X -> 0
	else player = 'X';// 0 -> X
}

string computer1(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.1
{
    
    
	string ret;

	unsigned available_n = 49;
	for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
	{
    
    
		for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
		{
    
    
			if ((p[c_i][c_j] != 'X') && (p[c_i][c_j] != '0'))
				p[c_i][c_j] = available_n++; // mark empty places with numbers 1,2,3...
		}
	}
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	int ran = rand() % (available_n - 49) + 49; // generate a random number
	for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
	{
    
    
		for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
		{
    
    
			if (p[c_i][c_j] == ran)
				ret = location_computer[c_i][c_j]; // the chosen place
		}
	}
	for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
	{
    
    
		for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
		{
    
    
			if ((p[c_i][c_j] != 'X') && (p[c_i][c_j] != '0'))
				p[c_i][c_j] = ' '; // return to Space
		}
	}
	return ret; // this is the copmuter-chosen location
}

string computer2(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.2
{
    
    
	char man_player = (computer_player == 'X') ? '0' : 'X'; // define man_player

	/**/ if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[0][2] == computer_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1];
	else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[0][1] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2];
	else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[0][2] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Row A
	else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
	else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0]; // Row B
	else if (p[2][0] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
	else if (p[2][0] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[2][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0]; // Row C
	else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0];
	else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[1][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
	else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Column 1
	else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
	else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1]; // Column 2
	else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
	else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[1][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Column 3
	else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Diagonal 1
	else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
	else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Diagonal 2

	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[0][2] == man_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1];
	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[0][1] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2];
	else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[0][2] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Row A
	else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
	else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0]; // Row B
	else if (p[2][0] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
	else if (p[2][0] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[2][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0]; // Row C
	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0];
	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[1][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
	else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Column 1
	else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
	else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1]; // Column 2
	else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
	else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[1][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Column 3
	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
	else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Diagonal 1
	else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
	else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
	else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Diagonal 2

	else return computer1(point_now);
}

string computer3(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.3
{
    
    
	vector<vector<char>> p001 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 0
	vector<vector<char>> p002 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p003 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p004 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p005 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p006 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p007 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p008 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p009 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p010 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
	vector<vector<char>> p011 = {
    
     {
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p012 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ','0'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p013 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    '0',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p014 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p015 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','0'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p016 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    '0',' ',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p017 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p018 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','0'} }; // 2
	vector<vector<char>> p019 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p020 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p021 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p022 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p023 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p024 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p025 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p026 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p027 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p028 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p029 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p030 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p031 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p032 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p033 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ','0',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p034 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    'X','0','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p035 = {
    
     {
    
    '0',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
	vector<vector<char>> p036 = {
    
     {
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ','X',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','0'} }; // 4
	vector<vector<char>> p037 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    '0','X',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','0'} }; // 4
	vector<vector<char>> p038 = {
    
     {
    
    'X','0','X'},{
    
    ' ',' ',' '},{
    
    '0',' ','X'} }; // 4
	vector<vector<char>> p039 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ','0'},{
    
    '0',' ',' '},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 4
	vector<vector<char>> p040 = {
    
     {
    
    'X',' ',' '},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    ' ','X','0'} }; // 5
	vector<vector<char>> p041 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ',' ','X'},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    '0','X',' '} }; // 5
	vector<vector<char>> p042 = {
    
     {
    
    '0','X',' '},{
    
    'X','0',' '},{
    
    ' ',' ','X'} }; // 5
	vector<vector<char>> p043 = {
    
     {
    
    ' ','X','0'},{
    
    ' ','0','X'},{
    
    'X',' ',' '} }; // 5

	/**/ if (p == p001 || p == p010 || p == p025 || p == p026 || p == p029 || p == p041 || p == p043) return "A1";
	else if (p == p034) return "A2";
	else if (p == p016 || p == p018 || p == p027 || p == p028 || p == p030 || p == p037 || p == p040) return "A3";
	else if (p == p002 || p == p003 || p == p004 || p == p005 || p == p006 || p == p007 || p == p008 ||
		/* */p == p009 || p == p011 || p == p013 || p == p015 || p == p017) return "B2";
	else if (p == p033) return "B3";
	else if (p == p012 || p == p023 || p == p024 || p == p032 || p == p035 || p == p036 || p == p042) return "C1";
	else if (p == p021 || p == p022) return "C2";
	else if (p == p014 || p == p019 || p == p020 || p == p031 || p == p038 || p == p039) return "C3";
	else return computer2(p);
}

int main()
{
    
    
	cout << "This program is a simple tic-tac-toe game.\nProgrammer:Teddy van Jerry\n" << endl;
	cout << "Please choose 'Man VS Man'(1) or 'Man VS Computer'(2): ";
	char Man_or_Computer;
	cin >> Man_or_Computer;
	cout << endl;
	char difficulty = '3'; // default setup
	if (Man_or_Computer == '2') // for Man VS Computer
	{
    
    
		cout << "Please choose Difficulty: 'Lv.1 (Easy)'(1) or 'Lv.2 (Medium)'(2) or 'Lv.3 (Difficult)'(3): ";
		cin >> difficulty;
		cout << endl;
		cout << "You go first or the computer? You(1), Computer(2): ";
		char You_or_Computer;
		cin >> You_or_Computer;
		cout << endl;
		if (You_or_Computer == '1')
			computer_player = '0';
		else computer_player = 'X';
	}

	// Print an empty board.
	cout << "| |1|2|3|" << endl;
	cout << "|A| | | |" << endl;
	cout << "|B| | | |" << endl;
	cout << "|C| | | |\n" << endl;

	while (win_lose(point_now, step_count) == 0)
	{
    
    
		string location;
		unsigned location_letter = 0; // A/B/C
		unsigned location_number = 0; // 1/2/3

	begin: // a label

		std::cout << "Player " << player << ", make your move: ";
		if (Man_or_Computer == '1')
			cin >> location; // input the location (e.g. B2)
		else
		{
    
    
			if (player != computer_player)
				cin >> location; // input the location (e.g. B2)
			else
			{
    
    
				if (difficulty == '1')
					location = computer1(point_now);
				if (difficulty == '2')
					location = computer2(point_now);
				if (difficulty == '3')
					location = computer3(point_now);
				cout << location << endl;
			}
			cout << endl;
		}

		switch (location[0])
		{
    
    
		case 'a': case 'A':
			location_letter = 0;
			break;
		case 'b': case 'B':
			location_letter = 1;
			break;
		case 'c': case 'C':
			location_letter = 2;
			break;
		default: // illegal input
			location_letter = 100; // indicate an error
			break;
		}

		switch (location[1])
		{
    
    
		case '1':
			location_number = 0;
			break;
		case '2':
			location_number = 1;
			break;
		case '3':
			location_number = 2;
			break;
		default: // illegal input
			location_number = 100; // indicate an error
			break;
		}

		try
		{
    
    
			if (location_letter != 100 && location_number != 100 && point_now[location_letter][location_number] == ' ')
				point_now[location_letter][location_number] = player;
			else throw runtime_error("Illegal input!");
		}
		catch (runtime_error err)
		{
    
    
			cout << err.what() << "\nTry Again? Enter Y or N." << endl;
			char decision;
			cin >> decision;
			if (!cin || decision == 'n' || decision == 'N')
				break;
			else
			{
    
    
				cout << endl;
				goto begin; // go back to the label 'begin'
			}
		}

		// Print the board
		cout << "| |1|2|3|" << endl;
		cout << "|A|" << point_now[0][0] << "|" << point_now[0][1] << "|" << point_now[0][2] << "|" << endl;
		cout << "|B|" << point_now[1][0] << "|" << point_now[1][1] << "|" << point_now[1][2] << "|" << endl;
		cout << "|C|" << point_now[2][0] << "|" << point_now[2][1] << "|" << point_now[2][2] << "|" << endl;

		game_player_change(player); // change the player
		++step_count; // count one more time
		cout << endl;
	}

	int final_result = win_lose(point_now, step_count);
	char winner = 'N';
	switch (final_result)
	{
    
    
	case 1:
		winner = 'X';
		cout << "Congratulations! The winner is X." << endl;
		break;
	case 2:
		winner = '0';
		cout << "Congratulations! The winner is 0." << endl;
		break;
	case 3:
		cout << "The game ended in a draw." << endl;
		break;
	}

	if (Man_or_Computer == '2')
	{
    
    
		if (winner == computer_player)
			cout << "Computer won!" << endl;
		else
		{
    
    
			if (winner != 'N')
				cout << "You won!!!" << endl;
		}
	}

	cout << "\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED (c) 2020 Teddy van Jerry" << endl;
	return 0;
}

//Copyright :2020 Teddy van Jerry

输出示例

Output
在Lv.3状态下该程序能做到屡战不败,争取获胜(如果没有bug的话)。(如果有bug,欢迎评论区给出战胜 Lv3 电脑的方法

分析

  • computer3()函数的定义和computer2()一样是暴力式的,属于枚举。如果枚举错误,很有可能存在bug。
  • 一开始写computer3()时有错误:使用判断数组是否相等,然而这个的结果其实一定为 false,此方法不可行。因而后来全部改成了vector<vector<char>>了。
  • 此程序兼容 人 VS 人, 人 VS Lv1 电脑,Lv2 电脑,开局时可以选择。
  • 该程序一样对于不合法输入进行了判别(分为两种:1.坐标超出范围,2.输入到原来已有棋子的位置上),详见【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)中的分析。

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2020 Teddy van Jerry
欢迎转载,转载请注明出处。


See also

Teddy van Jerry 的导航页
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv1电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv2电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)
【C++ 程序】 随机数
【C++ 程序】 移动迷宫游戏
【C++ 程序】 贪吃蛇游戏
【C++ 程序】 数字推盘游戏(15-puzzle)
【C++ 程序】 2048游戏
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)(EasyX 图形界面)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)(EasyX 图形界面)

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_50012998/article/details/108344913