Docker 入门到实战之安装MySQL

MySQL 是世界上最受欢迎的开源数据库。凭借其可靠性、易用性和性能，MySQL 已成为 Web 应用程序的数据库优先选择。

1、查看可用的 MySQL 版本

访问 MySQL 镜像库地址：https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=tags 。

可以通过 Sort by 查看其他版本的 MySQL，默认是最新版本 mysql:latest 。

当然我们通常是通过命令查看，用 docker search mysql 命令来查看可用版本：

$ docker search mysql

[root@Roker ~]# docker search mysql
INDEX       NAME                                        DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   9697      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   3529      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   708                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   77                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   71                   
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   61                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      43                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com...   41                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   35                   
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   30                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              28                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         25                   
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   25                   
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   19                   
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   19                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing ...   16                   
docker.io   docker.io/arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      14                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron t...   7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  5                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offi...   3                    
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server main...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0                    
docker.io   docker.io/widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Cu...   0                    [OK]

2、拉取 MySQL 镜像

这里我们拉取官方的最新版本的镜像：

$ docker pull mysql:latest

[root@Roker ~]# docker pull mysql:latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete 
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete 
c2344adc4858: Pull complete 
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete 
b905d1797e97: Pull complete 
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete 
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete 
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest

3、查看本地镜像

使用以下命令来查看是否已安装了 mysql：

$ docker images

[root@Roker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql     latest              be0dbf01a0f3        3 weeks ago         541 MB

4、运行容器

安装完成后，我们可以使用以下命令来运行 mysql 容器：

$ docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql

[root@Roker ~]# docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=000000 -d mysql
eb31302470a446421a4c53712437e10e3d17e4d052181154cb1871c9e0b7e30c

另：

如果我们想挂载配置文件，那么按如下操作

1、在宿主机上，创建一个数据和配置文件的挂载路径

mkdir -p /usr/local/src/mysql/conf && mkdir -p /usr/local/src/mysql/data

cd usr/local/src/mysql/conf

touch my.cnf

2、创建好宿主机的挂载数据路径后，按照如下命令执行启动容器。

docker run -p 3306:3306 
--name mysql 
-v /usr/local/src/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf 
-v /usr/local/src/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 
-d mysql

命令说明：

-p 3306:3306：将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-v /usr/local/src/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf：将主机/usr/local/src/mysql/conf/my.cnf目录挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用户的密码
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID

为什么要挂载？- 戳《》学习。

5、查看启动情况

查看是否启动成功

$ docker ps

[root@Roker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
eb31302470a4        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

查看启动日志

$ docker logs -f mysql

[root@Roker ~]# docker logs -f mysql
2020-07-03 09:14:08+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-07-03 09:14:09+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-07-03 09:14:09+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-07-03 09:14:09+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2020-07-03T09:14:09.250716Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-07-03T09:14:09.250870Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 41
2020-07-03T09:14:09.257527Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-07-03T09:14:14.931261Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2020-07-03T09:14:23.708588Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2020-07-03 09:14:44+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
2020-07-03 09:14:44+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server

6、连接验证

如果在链接过程中报错误：2059 - Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded：

在这里插入图片描述

从错误信息可知caching_sha2_password不能加载。

以上报错是由于目前已有的客户端连接软件还不支持Mysql8新增加的加密方式caching_sha2_password，所以我们需要修改用户的加密方式，将其改为老的加密验证方式。

所以接着操作，进入Mysql容器并在容器内登陆Mysql：

docker exec -it mysql bashmysql -u root -p;Enter password:

[root@Roker ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@eb31302470a4:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

查看用户信息

可以看到当前用户的加密方式为caching_sha2_password

备注：host为 % 表示不限制ip , localhost表示本机使用 , plugin非mysql_native_password 则需要修改密码。

执行命令

alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'XXXXXX';

或者（对IP做限制）

alter user 'root'@‘localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'XXXXXX';

将用户的加密方式改为mysql_native_password。

执行命令flush privileges使权限配置项立即生效。

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

再次尝试链接，成功！

7、Mysql 简单设置

创建用户

CREATE USER user IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

也可以这样给与ip地址权限

CREATE USER `user`@`%` IDENTIFIED BY 'passowrd';

授权

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.*  TO 'user'@'%';

刷新权限

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

数据库时区问题：

链接数据库时serverTimezone=UTC这个参数出的问题
只要改成serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai即可

启动/停止容器

启用：

docker start mysql

停止:

docker stop mysql