搭建lnmp
L：linux系统
N：nginx
M：mysql
P：php
一、安装nginx
使用Nginx官方提供的rpm包
[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
添加:
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
执行yum安装及启动并开机自启
[root@lnmp ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@lnmp ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
二、 安装php
使用第三方扩展epel源安装PHP7.2：
rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
安装 php72 版本
yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-devel \
php72w-embedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-xml php72w-fpm \
php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache
这里我用提前准备好的包
[root@lnmp php-7.2]# ls
autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch.rpm
automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch.rpm
libargon2-20161029-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
m4-1.4.16-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
mod_php72w-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Test-Harness-3.28-3.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Thread-Queue-3.02-2.el7.noarch.rpm
php72w-cli-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-common-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-devel-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-embedded-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-fpm-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-gd-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-mbstring-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-mysqlnd-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-opcache-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-pdo-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
php72w-xml-7.2.27-1.w7.x86_64.rpm
安装,启动并开机自启
[root@lnmp php-7.2]# yum -y install localinstall *.rpm
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm
三、安装mysql
安装mysql（mariadb）:
rpm -ivh http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server -y
同样我这里使用提前准备好的包
[root@lnmp mysql5.6]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.6.47-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.6.47-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.6.47-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.6.47-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm
安装,启动并开机自启
[root@lnmp mysql5.6]# yum -y install localinstall *.rpm
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
修改mysql密码：
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12461955 查看本文章
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql_secure_installation //除了新密码一律下一个
应用1:搭建wordpress
（1）下载wordpress源码包
(2）复制wordpress安装包，到虚拟机/
[root@lnmp ~]# cd /
[root@lnmp /]# ls
bin etc lib64 opt run sys var
boot home media proc sbin tmp wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
dev lib mnt root srv usr
解压
[root@lnmp /]# yum -y install unzip
[root@lnmp /]# unzip wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
赋权
[root@lnmp /]# chmod -R 777 /wordpress
备份
[root@lnmp /]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@lnmp conf.d]# ls
default.conf
[root@lnmp conf.d]# mv default.conf default.conf.bak
（3）创建虚拟主机配置文件
[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.benet.com;
root /wordpress；
index index.php index.html;
location ~ \.php$ {
root /wordpress;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
重新加载配置文件
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl reload nginx
（4）创建blog数据库和管理用户
登录数据库：
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123.com
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.6.47 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
创建数据库：
mysql> create database blog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
设置管理用户及密码：
mysql> grant all on blog.* to lisi@localhost identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
（5）客户端通过域名访问blog,安装并配置
我的电脑 > 本地磁盘 > Windows > system32 > drivers > etc > hosts >添加：192.168.1.20 blog.benet.com
http://blog.benet.com
登录后台
http://blog.benet.com/wp-admin
应用2:搭建知乎wecenter
(1）下载wecenter源码包
（2）复制wecenter安装包，到虚拟机/zh
[root@lnmp ~]# mkdir /zh
[root@lnmp zh]# ls
WeCenter_3-3-4.zip
解压
[root@lnmp zh]# unzip WeCenter_3-3-4.zip
赋权
[root@lnmp zh]# chmod -R 777 /zh
(3) 创建虚拟主机配置文件
[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/zh.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zh.benet.com;
root /zh;
index index.php index.html;
location ~ \.php$ {
root /zh;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
重新加载配置文件
[root@lnmp ~]# systemctl reload nginx
（4）创建blog数据库和管理用户
登录数据库：
[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p123.com
创建数据库：
mysql> create database zh;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
设置管理用户及密码：
mysql> grant all on zh.* to wangwu@localhost identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
（5）客户端通过域名访问zh,安装并配置
http://zh.benet.com
登录后台
http://zh.benet.com/?/admin
lnmp平台的分离部署
环境：
web1：192.168.1.20 //lnmp
web2：192.168.1.21
mysql：192.168.1.22
php：192.168.1.23
nfs：192.168.1.24
lb：192.168.1.25
一、lnmp实现mysql数据库迁移
为了实现mysql独立运行，拆分lnmp
（1）另起一台centos7，安装mysql
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
启动并开机自启
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
修改mysql密码：
[root@mysql ~]# mysql_secure_installation
(2）把原lnmp服务器上的数据库文件导出
[root@web1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123.com --all-databases > `date +%F%H`-mysql-all.sql
[root@web1 ~]# scp 2021-01-1720-mysql-all.sql [email protected]:/
（3）在新的mysql服务器上导入数据库文件
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123.com < 2021-01-1720-mysql-all.sql
重启
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
（4）在新mysql服务器上创建同名管理用户和密码
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123.com //登录
mysql> grant all on blog.* to lisi@'%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on zh.* to wangwu@'%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
(5）在原服务器上修改blog、zh的配置文件，重新指定数据库服务器ip
查看blog的配置位置：
[root@web1 ~]# cd /wordpress/ //切换到blog网页根目录
[root@web1 ~]# grep -R 123.com //搜索保存密码的配置文件位置
[root@web1 ~]# vim /wordpress/wp-config.php
修改：
define('DB_NAME', 'blog'); //WordPress数据库的名称
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'lisi'); //MySQL数据库用户名
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', '123.com'); //MySQL数据库密码
/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '192.168.1.22'); //新MySQL主机ip
查看zh的配置文件位置：
[root@web1 ~]# cd /zh/
[root@web1 ~]# grep -R 123.com
[root@web1 ~]# vim /zh/system/config/database.phpcd /zh/
修改：
'host' => '192.168.1.22', //新MySQL主机ip
'username' => 'wangwu', //MySQL数据库用户名
'password' => '123.com', //MySQL数据库密码
'dbname' => 'zh', //zh数据库的名称
关闭原服务器数据库
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
二、拆分php
（1）启动一台centos7，安装php
[root@php ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@php ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
[root@php ~]# yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-devel php72w-embedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-xml php72w-fpm php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache
（2）修改nginx服务器上的配置文件，重新指向新的php服务器
修改blog
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.conf
修改：
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.benet.com;
root /wordpress;
index index.php index.html;
location ~ \.php$ {
root /wordpress;
fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.23:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
修改zh
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/zh.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zh.benet.com;
root /zh;
index index.php index.html;
location ~ \.php$ {
root /zh;
fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.23:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
(3）修改php服务器的配置文件
[root@php ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
定位并修改为：
listen = 192.168.1.23:9000
listen.allowed_clients = 192.168.1.20,192.168.1.21
重启php
[root@php ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm
（4）从nginx服务器复制wordpress和zh的安装目录到php服务器
[root@web1 ~]# scp -rp /wordpress [email protected]:/
[root@web1 ~]# scp -rp /zh [email protected]:/
关闭原服务器php：
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop php-fpm
（5）客户端验证访问
在做好的域名解析访问：
http://blog.benet.com
http://zh.benet.com
三、搭建nfs共享服务器，把网站静态元素通过挂载方式放在nfs上
（1）开启一台centos7，安装nfs-utils、rpcbind：
[root@nfs ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
（2）创建挂载点
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir -p /nfs/{blog,zh}
（3）发布共享目录
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports
添加：
/nfs/blog 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/nfs/zh 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
（4）重启nfs服务
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs
（5）在nginx服务器上查看nfs共享目录
[root@web1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.24
Export list for 192.168.1.24:
/nfs/zh 192.168.1.0/24
/nfs/blog 192.168.1.0/24
（6）把wordpress的内容目录挂载到nfs
[root@web1 ~]# cd /wordpress/
[root@web1 wordpress]# cp -rp wp-content/ wp-contentbak
[root@web1 wordpress]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.24:/nfs/blog wp-content
[root@web1 wordpress]# cp -rp wp-contentbak/* wp-content/
（7）设置永久挂载
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
添加：
192.168.1.24:/nfs/log /wordpress/wp-content nfs defaults 0 0
四、搭建第二台web服务器
（1）安装ninx
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
添加：
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
保存退出
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install nginx
（2）把web1(192.168.1.20)上的nginx的配置复制到web2(192.168.1.21)
[root@web1 ~]# scp -rp /etc/nginx/* [email protected]:/etc/nginx/
（3）把web1上网页源码复制到web2
[root@web1 ~]# scp -rp /wordpress [email protected]:/
[root@web1 ~]# scp -rp /zh [email protected]:/
（4）启动服务
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl start nginx
五、搭建负载均衡
（1）安装nginx
[root@lb ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
添加：
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
保存退出
[root@lb ~]# yum -y insyall nginx
（2）配置负载均衡
[root@lb ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/lb.conf
添加：
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.benet.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://webcluster;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name zh.benet.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://webcluster;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
重启nginx
[root@lb ~]# systemctl restart nginx
至此lnmp环境分离部署就做完了
域名解析：
我的电脑 > 本地磁盘 > Windows > system32 > drivers > etc > hosts >
添加：
zh.benet.com 192.168.1.20
blog.benet.com 192.168.1.21
浏览器访问：
http://blog.benet.com
http://zh.benet.com
