ubuntu12.04更新源列表

[size=x-small;] ubuntu是linux操作系统发行的最流行的版本之一，linux操作系统以其优良的特性深受广大用户的喜爱。但是玩惯了windows系统的人们忽然接触linux或多或少会有一些不适应，本文介绍如何ubuntu更新软件源列表。[/size]

[size=x-small;]      ubuntu[/size]里面下载安装软件最方便的方法就是在ubuntu软件中心里面搜索自己需要的软件，然后点击安装，非常方便。也可以在终端里面进行安装，本人推荐是用终端这个工具进行操作因为ubuntu下很多配置都是通过终端进行的，熟悉掌握终端命令是学习linux的必由之路！下面是我总结出来的一系列的安装软件的命令：


安装软件
命令： apt-get install softname1 softname2 softname3……
卸载软件
命令： apt-get remove softname1 softname2 softname3……
卸载并清除配置
命令： apt-get remove --purge softname1
更新软件信息数据库
命令： apt-get update
进行系统升级
命令： apt-get upgrade
搜索软件包
命令： apt-cache search softname1 softname2 softname3……
Deb软件包相关安装与卸载
安装deb软件包
命令： dpkg -i xxx.deb
删除软件包
命令：  dpkg -r xxx.deb
连同配置文件一起删除
命令： dpkg -r --purge xxx.deb
查看软件包信息
命令： dpkg -info xxx.deb
查看文件拷贝详情
命令： dpkg -L xxx.deb
查看系统中已安装软件包信息
命令： dpkg -l
重新配置软件包
命令：  dpkg-reconfigure xxx


   [size=x-small;] 但是这两种方法都存在一个问题就是下载速度的问题。如果你装的是双系统的话，假如你在[/size][size=x-small;]windows[/size]下面有一百来kb/s,但是换了在ubuntu下面可能还不到10kb/s,Ubuntu安装完后。这是因为默认使用的可能是国外的源，速度可能比较慢。现在国内也有很多服务器提供国外源的镜像，可以使得Ubuntu软件包的安装、升级快很多。我举个例子来说明一下：假如我们用的是电信的宽带服务，那我们在电信的服务器上下载资源的话要比在其他服务器上下载同样的资源快一些。这个道理我想就不用过多的解释了。

[size=x-small;]    解决方法：[/size]

[size=x-small;]   其实现在全球各地都设有[/size]ubuntu的软件资源服务地址，源可以在ubuntu的主菜单：系统管理=>软件源配置中图形化的配置。这种方法比较直观，相信大家没什么问题。那么如何在终端里面进行操作呢？其实也没那么难，具体方法如下：


[size=small;] 这里备份一下主要是为了以防万一[/size],当然如果你够自信的话也可以省略这一步.
2.sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
[/size]编辑你的源列表，将原来的内容全部删除，添加下面列表中最适合你的源（注意不要全部添加），选择一个最合适你的即可，复制到你的列表中，然后保存列表。[/b]

[size=small;] 可以在运行[/size]“sudo apt-get update ”时查看一下错误信息，把不能连接的源删除再重新运行“sudo apt-get update ”。

[size=small;]# [/size]以下来自[size=small;]http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Template:9.10source&variant=zh-cn
# [/size]台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# [size=small;]中国台湾[/size]台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# [size=small;]网易[/size]163更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# sohu 更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# [size=small;]骨头兄亲自搭建并维护这个[/size]Ubuntu源（该源位于浙江杭州百兆共享宽带的电信机房)：
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn karmic main restricted universe multiverse

# Archive.ubuntu.com[size=small;]更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用[/size])：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Mirrors.shlug.org[size=small;]更新服务器（电信服务器，[/size]Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


[size=small;]说明：本人更新用的是163的源，速度从原来的10kb/s一下提高到了150kb/s左右！[/size]





（顺便说一句，iteye的可视化编辑器真的很垃圾）
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