lvs+keepalived+mysql双主复制实现负载分担及高可用

其他 2021-03-28 20:12:50 阅读次数: 0

lvs+keepalived+mysql双主复制实现负载分担及高可用

 
 

Keepalived+lvs+mysql主主复制是比较常用的一种Mysql高可用方案，其中lvs 提供读负载均衡，Keepalived通过虚拟vip漂移实现故障自动转移，而Mysql虽然配置成主主复制，但是一般都是采用单点写入来保证数据一致性。
 

 

在这里插入图片描述

主机 IP 功能
VIP 192.168.30.250
keep-master 192.168.30.243 lvs+keepalived(主)
keep-slave 192.168.30.244 lvs+keepalived(备)
master-master 192.168.30.245 mysql(主)
master-slave 1929.168.30.246 mysql(主)

mysql双主

mysql双主与主从配置差不多，不过加了下面的几个步骤

[root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
log_slave_updates = 1    ##双主需要开启log_slave_updates功能
server-id = 10           ##不能相同
log-bin = mysql_bin      ##双主两个都是log-bin
auto_increment_offset = 1   ##表示自增长字段从1开始，他的取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto_increment_increment = 2 ##表示自增长字段每次递增2，取值范围是2 .. 65535

重启服务
 
 
在master主机上创建授权账户，允许slave（192.168.30.246）主机上连接

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.30.246' identified by 'repl';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 
查看master的当前binlog状态信息

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      455 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

在slave服务器上将master设为自己的主服务器并且开启slave功能

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host = '192.168.30.245',
    -> master_user = 'repl',
    -> master_password = 'repl',
    -> master_log_file = 'mysql_bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos = 455 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)



mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 
 

修改从库配置文件

[root@mysql-slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
log_slave_updates = 1    ##双主需要开启log_slave_updates功能
server-id = 20           ##不能相同
log-bin = mysql_bin      ##双主两个都是log-bin
auto_increment_offset = 1   ##表示自增长字段从1开始，他的取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto_increment_increment = 2 ##表示自增长字段每次递增2，取值范围是2 .. 65535

 
在slave主机上创建授权账户，允许master（192.168.30.246）主机上连接

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.30.245' identified by 'repl';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 
查看slave的当前binlog状态信息

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 
在master服务器上将slave设为自己的主服务器并且开启slave功能

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host = '192.168.30.246',
    -> master_user = 'repl',
    -> master_password = 'repl',
    -> master_log_file = 'mysql_bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos = 154 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)


mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

 

keepalived

我这里就用yum安装
主keepalived

[root@keep-master ~]# yum -y install keepalived  ipvsadm

[root@keep-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01       
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 20 
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zyy                 
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.30.250                ##VIP
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.30.250 3306 {      # 定义虚拟服务器，地址与上面的virtual_ipaddress相同
    delay_loop 3                          # 健康检查时间间隔，3秒
    lb_algo rr                            # 负载均衡调度算法：rr|wrr|lc|wlc|sh|dh|lblc
    lb_kind DR                            # 负载均衡转发规则：NAT|DR|TUN
   # persistence_timeout 5                # 会话保持时间5秒，动态服务建议开启
    protocol TCP                          # 转发协议protocol，一般有tcp和udp两种

 #后端真实服务器，有几台就设置几个
    real_server 192.168.30.245 3306 {     
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.30.246 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

 

从库上一样，优先级改一下，设置不抢占就行

[root@keep-slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived  ipvsadm

[root@keep-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP              ##BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 20    
    priority 80             ##优先级要比master小
    nopreempt
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zyy        
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.30.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.30.250 3306 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
  #  persistence_timeout 5
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.30.245 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.30.246 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

 
开启keepalived服务

[root@keep-master ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@keep-slave ~]# systemctl start keepalived

 

查看VIP
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
 
 

此时查看LVS集群状态，可以看到集群下有两个RealServer，调度算法，权重等信息。ActiveConn代表当前RealServer的活跃连接数。

[root@keep-master ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.30.250:3306 rr
  -> 192.168.30.245:3306          Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.30.246:3306          Route   1      0          0

 
 

编写RealServer的网络配置脚本
192.168.30.245和192.168.30.246写的东西都是一样的，这里就演示一个

[root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/init.d/realserver 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=192.168.30.250
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in
# 禁用本地的ARP请求、绑定本地回环地址
start)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo down
    /sbin/ifconfig lo up
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    /sbin/sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up # 在回环地址上绑定VIP，设定掩码，与Direct Server上自身的IP保持通信
    /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
    echo "LVS-DR real server starts successfully.\n"
    ;;
stop)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
    /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "LVS-DR real server stopped.\n"
    ;;
status)
    isLoOn=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep "$VIP"`
    isRoOn=`/bin/netstat -rn | grep "$VIP"`
    if [ "$isLoON" == "" -a "$isRoOn" == "" ]; then
        echo "LVS-DR real server has run yet."
    else
        echo "LVS-DR real server is running."
    fi
    exit 3
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
    exit 1
esac
exit 0

[root@mysql-master ~]# chmod 755 realserver
[root@mysql-master ~]# service realserver start

[root@mysql-slave ~]# chmod 755 realserver
[root@mysql-slave ~]# service realserver start

 
设置为开机自启

echo "/etc/init.d/realserver" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

 

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
 

 

测试

添加一个测试用户

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'zyy'@'%' identified by 'zyy' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

1.验证LVS负载均衡转发策略

    MySQL客户端使用VIP连接数据库，并查看所连接的数据库服务器ID。可以看到，每次执行依次连接到192.168.30.246和192.168.30.245的MySQL，证明是轮询策略产生的结果。

在这里插入图片描述
 
 
 

2.模拟lvs的master故障

停掉master端的keepalived

[root@keep-master ~]# systemctl stop keepalived

可以看到VIP已经漂移
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
 

此时连接MySQL，负载均衡不受影响。
在这里插入图片描述
 
 

3. 模拟其中一方数据库挂了

关闭slave的数据库

[root@mysql-slave ~]# service mysqld stop 
Shutting down MySQL............ SUCCESS! 


[root@mysql-slave ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*

此时，只有mysql-master端数据库在工作，但可以保证业务的不中断
在这里插入图片描述

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