部署Python+Django+uwsgi+Nginx

关于uwsgi

uWSGI实现了WSGI的所有接口，是一个快速、自我修复、开发人员和系统管理员友好的服务器。uWSGI代码完全用C编写，效率高、性能稳定。

uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型。

安装Python

https://blog.csdn.net/lengyer/article/details/117279877?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

安装Nginx

apt-get update
apt-get install nginx

Nginx配置文件

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
        worker_connections 768;
        # multi_accept on;
}

http {

        ##
        # Basic Settings
        ##

        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;

        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;

        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        ##
        # SSL Settings
        ##

        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        ##
        # Logging Settings
        ##

        access_log /var/log/nginx/test_access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/test_error.log;

        ##
        # Gzip Settings
        ##

        gzip on;

        # gzip_vary on;
        # gzip_proxied any;
        # gzip_comp_level 6;
        # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        # gzip_http_version 1.1;
        # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs
        ##
        server {
                  listen 8088;
                  server_name 127.0.0.1
                 #listen 80 default_server;
                 #listen [::]:80 default_server;

                 # SSL configuration
                 #
                 # listen 443 ssl default_server;
                 # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
                 #
                 # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
                 # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
                 #
                 # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
                 # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
                 #
                 # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
                 # Don't use them in a production server!
                 #
                 # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

                 ##root /var/www/html;

                 # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
                 index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;


                 location / {
                         include uwsgi_params;
                         uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
                         uwsgi_read_timeout 2;
                          }
                 location /static {
                         alias /static;
                                }
                }

验证和重启nginx的命令

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

安装uwsgi

python3.9 -m pip install uwsgi

创建一个test.py文件用uwsgi运行该文件测试

mkdir /var/test
vim /var/test/test.py

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"]

通过uwsgi运行该文件

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

查看是否能够正常运行

http://127.0.0.1:8001

安装Django

python3.9 -m pip install django

mkdir /var/tests

django-admin startproject tests   #创建项目

写配置文件

vim /var/tests/tests_uwsgi.ini

# myweb_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings

socket = :8000

# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /var/tests

# Django s wsgi file
module          = tests.wsgi

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true

# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 4

# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

vim /var/tests/tests/settings.py

添加：
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["192.168.1.231", "192.168.1.112"]  #不加，会报没有访问的权限，加你的服务器ip

STATIC_ROOT = '/static'    #静态文件

修改：

DATABASES = {
            'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'test',
            'USER': 'root',
            'PASSWORD': '123456',
            'HOST': 'localhost',    ##或者数据库服务器的ip地址
            'PORT': '3306',
                                                                    }
            }

本地的mysql，记得要先在mysql上面创建数据建库，名字：test

vim /var/tests/tests/models.py

from django.db import models
  
class Students(models.Model):
        sname    = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        sgender  = models.BooleanField(default=True)
        sage     = models.IntegerField()
        scontend = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)

连接Django和uwsgi

uwsgi --http :8001 --chdir /var/tests/ --wsgi-file tests/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191

常用选项：

http ：协议类型和端口号

processes ：开启的进程数量

workers ：开启的进程数量，等同于processes（官网的说法是spawn the specified number ofworkers / processes）

chdir ：指定运行目录（chdir to specified directory before apps loading）

wsgi-file ：载入wsgi-file（load .wsgi file）

stats ：在指定的地址上，开启状态服务（enable the stats server on the specified address）

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threads ：运行线程。由于GIL的存在，我觉得这个真心没啥用。（run each worker in prethreaded mode with the specified number of threads）

master ：允许主进程存在（enable master process）

daemonize ：使进程在后台运行，并将日志打到指定的日志文件或者udp服务器（daemonize uWSGI）。实际上最常用的，还是把运行记录输出到一个本地文件上。

pidfile ：指定pid文件的位置，记录主进程的pid号。

vacuum ：当服务器退出的时候自动清理环境，删除unix socket文件和pid文件（try to remove all of the generated file/sockets）

uwsgi --ini tests_uwsgi.ini  #启动项目

没有报错就是正常

最后重启nginx

http://127.0.0.1:8099/

如果http://127.0.0.1:8099/admin没有css样式

python3.9 manage.py collectstatic

重启 nginx

参考：

https://www.cnblogs.com/fnng/p/5268633.html

【Ubuntu18.04】部署Python+Django+uwsgi+Nginx