Android系统启动篇
4，《Android SystemServer进程启动流程》
Android系统开发准备篇
3，《Android Framework代码IDE加载和调试》
Android系统开发实践篇
4，《android单独编译framework模块并push》
Android系统开发核心知识储备篇
1，《Android编译系统-envsetup和lunch代码篇》
6，《Android中Activity、View和Window关系详解》
11，《android中AMS进程通知Zygote进程fork新进程的通信方式》
Android核心功能详解篇
2，《Android 手势导航（从下往上滑动进入多任务页面）》
3，《android手势分析（应用界面左往右边滑动退出应用）》
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目录
一，背景介绍
Android View的绘制流程分为三大流程：测量、布局、绘制。三大流程都开始于ViewRootImpl的performTraversals函数。
二，核心概念
2.1 ViewRootImpl
ViewRootImpl 是一个视图层次结构的顶部，可以理解为一个 Window 中所有 View 的根 View 的管理者（但 ViewRootImpl 不是 View，只是实现了 ViewParent 接口），实现了 View 和 WindowManager 之间的通信协议，实现的具体细节在 WindowManagerGlobal 这个类中。
简单来说 ViewRootImpl 是 View 与 WindowManager 之间联系的桥梁，作用总结如下：
１．将 DecorView 传递给 WindowManagerSerive
２．完成 View 的绘制过程，包括 measure、layout、draw 过程
３．向 DecorView 分发收到的用户发起的 event 事件，如按键，触屏等事件。
其中，ViewRootImpl 中包含了两个需要重点关注的内部类：
final class ViewRootHandler extends Handler 用于向 DecorView 分发事件
static class W extends IWindow.Stub
W 是 ViewRootImp l的一个嵌入类，也是一个 Binder 服务。通过 mWindowSession.addToDisplay 函数传入 WMS，用来在 WMS 中通过 Binder 回调。
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
View panelParentView) {
synchronized (this) {
if (mView == null) {
mView = view;
......
// Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
// manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
// any other events from the system.
requestLayout();//见下节介绍
if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures
& WindowManager.
LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
mInputChannel = new InputChannel();//生成InputChannel
}
......
try {
......
//调用mWindowSession.addToDisplay通过binder调用到WMS
//实现对Window的真正的添加，这里的mWindow为 W 对象
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, ......);
setFrame(mTmpFrame);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
} finally {
......
}
......
if (mInputChannel != null) {
if (mInputQueueCallback != null) {
mInputQueue = new InputQueue();
mInputQueueCallback.onInputQueueCreated(mInputQueue);
}
//用于输入事件的接收
mInputEventReceiver =
new WindowInputEventReceiver(
mInputChannel, Looper.myLooper());
}
......
}
}
}
2.2 requestLayout
路径frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/View.java
public void requestLayout() {
if (mMeasureCache != null) mMeasureCache.clear();
if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == null) {
// Only trigger request-during-layout logic if this is the view requesting it,
// not the views in its parent hierarchy
ViewRootImpl viewRoot = getViewRootImpl();
if (viewRoot != null && viewRoot.isInLayout()) {
if (!viewRoot.requestLayoutDuringLayout(this)) {
return;
}
}
mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = this;
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
//调用父布局
mParent.requestLayout();
}
if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == this) {
mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = null;
}
}其中，mParent.requestLayout()，mParent 的类型是 ViewParent，通过代码溯源 View#assignParent，
可以得出如下结论：
DecorView (即根 View) 对应的 mParent 是 ViewRootImpl，普通子 View (非根 View) 对应的 mParent 是子 View 的父 View (即 ViewGroup)
2.3 invalidate
路径frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/View.java，
public void invalidate() {
invalidate(true);
}
public void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache) {
invalidateInternal(0, 0, mRight - mLeft,
mBottom - mTop, invalidateCache, true);
}
void invalidateInternal(int l, int t, int r, int b,
boolean invalidateCache, boolean fullInvalidate) {
if (skipInvalidate()) {
return;
}
......
// Propagate the damage rectangle to the parent view.
final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
final ViewParent p = mParent;
if (p != null && ai != null && l < r && t < b) {
final Rect damage = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
damage.set(l, t, r, b);
p.invalidateChild(this, damage);
}
......
}
路径frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewGroup.java，
@Override
public final void invalidateChild(View child, final Rect dirty) {
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mHardwareAccelerated) {
// HW accelerated fast path
onDescendantInvalidated(child, child);
return;
}
ViewParent parent = this;
if (attachInfo != null) {
final int[] location = attachInfo.mInvalidateChildLocation;
location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX] = child.mLeft;
location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX] = child.mTop;
......
do {
......
parent = parent.invalidateChildInParent(location, dirty);
......
} while (parent != null);
}
}
１．调用时机：
当前 View 树需要重绘时。如果当前 View 可见，则会调到 onDraw 方法。
该方法必须在 UI 线程调用。
２．View#invalidate 的调用逻辑：
从子 View -> 父 View -> DecorView -> ViewRootImpl 从子到父层层调用。
3 View的绘制
3.1 View绘制时序图
如果对Activity的启动流程有一定了解的话，应该知道启动过程会在ActivityThread.java类中完成，在启动Activity的过程中，会调用到handleResumeActivity( )方法，关于视图的绘制过程最初就是从这个方法开始的。整个调用链如上图所示，直到ViewRootImpl类中的performTraversals()中，才正式开始绘制流程了，以该方法作为正式绘制的源头。
在源码中，PhoneWindow和DecorView通过组合方式联系在一起的，而DecorView是整个View体系的根View。在前面handleResumeActivity()方法代码片段中，当Actiivity启动后，就通过addView方法，来间接调用ViewRootImpl类中的performTraversals()，从而实现视图的绘制。
3.2 performTraversals
建立好了decorView与ViewRoot的关联后，ViewRoot类的requestLayout()方法会被调用，以完成应用程序用户界面的初次布局。实际被调用的是ViewRootImpl类的requestLayout()方法，这个方法的源码如下：
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}上面的方法中调用了scheduleTraversals()方法来调度一次完成的绘制流程，该方法会向主线程发送一个“遍历”消息，最终会导致ViewRootImpl的performTraversals()方法被调用。下面，我们以performTraversals()为起点，来分析View的整个绘制流程。
private void performTraversals() {
......
//如果当前View树中包含SurfaceView, 则执行surfaceCreated/surfaceChanged回调
if (mSurfaceHolder != null) {
if (mSurface.isValid()) {
mSurfaceHolder.mSurface = mSurface;
}
mSurfaceHolder.setSurfaceFrameSize(mWidth, mHeight);
if (mSurface.isValid()) {
if (!hadSurface) {
mSurfaceHolder.ungetCallbacks();
mIsCreating = true;
SurfaceHolder.Callback callbacks[] =
mSurfaceHolder.getCallbacks();
if (callbacks != null) {
for (SurfaceHolder.Callback c : callbacks) {
c.surfaceCreated(mSurfaceHolder);
}
}
surfaceChanged = true;
}
if (surfaceChanged || surfaceGenerationId !=
mSurface.getGenerationId()) {
SurfaceHolder.Callback callbacks[] =
mSurfaceHolder.getCallbacks();
if (callbacks != null) {
for (SurfaceHolder.Callback c : callbacks) {
c.surfaceChanged(mSurfaceHolder, lp.format,
mWidth, mHeight);
}
}
}
mIsCreating = false;
}
}
......
// mWidth&mHeight为Frame宽高, lp为setView传进来的
// WindowManager.LayoutParams参数
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight);
......
// 调用OnGlobalLayoutListener#onGlobalLayout
if (triggerGlobalLayoutListener) {
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = false;
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnGlobalLayout();
}
......
performDraw();
......
}
主要做了一下工作：
如果 View 树中当前 View 为 SurfaceView，则执行 surfaceCreated / surfaceChanged 相关回调
依次执行 performMeasure -> performLayout -> performDraw
OnGlobalLayoutListener#onGlobalLayout 回调中可以获取到 View 的真实宽高。因为该方法在 performMeasure -> performLayout 后面执行
3.3 performDraw
这里是View真正绘制的入口，
private void performDraw() {
......
final Canvas canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
canvas.setDensity(mDensity);
canvas.translate(-xoff, -yoff);
canvas.setScreenDensity(scalingRequired ? mNoncompatDensity : 0);
......
mView.draw(canvas);
surface.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
performDraw 调用流程：
draw(fullRedrawNeeded) -> drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset, scalingRequired, dirty, surfaceInsets) -> mView.draw(canvas)
路径/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/View.java,
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
* 7. If necessary, draw the default focus highlight
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
drawBackground(canvas);
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (isShowingLayoutBounds()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
// we're done...
return;
}
/*
* Here we do the full fledged routine...
* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
* done above)
*/
boolean drawTop = false;
boolean drawBottom = false;
boolean drawLeft = false;
boolean drawRight = false;
float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
if (offsetRequired) {
paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
}
int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);
if (offsetRequired) {
right += getRightPaddingOffset();
bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
}
final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
int length = (int) fadeHeight;
// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
length = (bottom - top) / 2;
}
// also clip horizontal fades if necessary
if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
length = (right - left) / 2;
}
if (verticalEdges) {
topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
if (horizontalEdges) {
leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
int topSaveCount = -1;
int bottomSaveCount = -1;
int leftSaveCount = -1;
int rightSaveCount = -1;
int solidColor = getSolidColor();
if (solidColor == 0) {
if (drawTop) {
topSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, right, top + length);
}
if (drawBottom) {
bottomSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom);
}
if (drawLeft) {
leftSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom);
}
if (drawRight) {
rightSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom);
}
} else {
scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
}
// Step 3, draw the content
onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
// must be restored in the reverse order that they were saved
if (drawRight) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(90);
matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(rightSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawLeft) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(-90);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(leftSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawBottom) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(180);
matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(bottomSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(topSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
}
canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (isShowingLayoutBounds()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
}draw绘制流程，代码注释里已经给出，翻译下，
1，绘制背景
2，save layer (当有水平或垂直fading edges时)
3，onDraw 绘制当前View的内容
4，绘制当前View的子View
5，绘制 fading edges 和 restore layers (当有水平或垂直 fading edges 时)
6，onDrawForeground 绘制前景或滚动条
7，drawDefaultFocusHighlight 绘制获取焦点的 View 的 Focus 高亮