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写在前面
最开始是在win10下面开了个virtual box的Ubuntu虚拟机，而且为了追求好看装得还是Ubuntu17.04 Gnome，因为刚出来不久，一些bug很多，踩了很多坑，后来就上了Ubuntu16.04LTS了，但是因为在虚拟机下不能用GPU版本，所以真的是慢到要死啊！好吧我也就忍了，毕竟虚拟机。但是前天因为在win10下matlab2017a打开工作没几分钟，直接占用我CPU达到97.5%！我也是醉了，想着重启会好些吧，没想到直接把我的win10给搞崩了，估计是后台进程还没有推出不正常关机造成的。所以干脆，一不做二不休，上双系统，但也意味着得重新配置了。讲实话，要不是还要在windows下做一些工作，我是真的不想用windows了，麻烦。废话不多说，我们开始caffe的安装。
配置：
win10 + Ubuntu16.04 双系统
CPU: i5-4300H
GPU: NVIDIA GTX950M
官方教程：
[caffe installation guideline](http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/install_apt.html)
[caffe installation guideline(dependencies installation)](http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/install_apt.html)
一、安装NVIDIA显卡驱动
我的Ubuntu是新安装的，所以上来先更新一下
sudo apt updateUbuntu16.04 LTS是默认使用Nouveau作为我们的GPU驱动的，所以我们要先装上NVIDIA的驱动。打开软件和更新
选择使用NVIDAI驱动，应用更改等待完成之后重启即可
二、安装CUDA
CUDA下载
我选的是 linux-x86_64_Ubuntu16.04-runfile（local)-Base Installer
下载完成之后执行
sudo sh cuda_8.0.27_linux.run执行之后会让你选择是否安装显卡驱动：
Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 375.26?
选择否（因为我们刚才已经安装了更高版本）之后，之后的一切选择默认即可。
Logging to /tmp/cuda_install_27233.log
Using more to view the EULA.
End User License Agreement
--------------------------
Lisence
...
...
--------------------------
Do you accept the previously read EULA?
accept/decline/quit:accept
Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 375.26?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: n
# cause I have installed version 375.66
Install the CUDA 8.0 Toolkit?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Enter Toolkit Location
[ default is /usr/local/cuda-8.0 ]:
# I chose the defalut to avoid unexpected errors
Do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Install the CUDA 8.0 Samples?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Enter CUDA Samples Location
[ default is /home/leerw ]:
# default too有人在此过程中遇到unsupport complier的错误，是因为g++编译器的版本太高问题导致的，我没有遇到这个错误，如果你遇到了，参见xuzhongxiong的博客
安装完成之后，我们配置一下环境变量
sudo vi /etc/profile加上两句：
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH立即生效
sudo ldconfig在这里我们可能会得到一个error：
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 不是符号连接
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 不是符号连接So, how to fix this error? This maybe caused by a conflit between different version of libEGL.lib.
sudo mv /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1.org
sudo mv /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1.org
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.375.39 /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1
sudo ln -s /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.375.39 /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1this issue is reported at this
接下来我们测试一下：
在这之前，we would like to install some library we will use next step
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev build-essential libx11-dev libxmu-dev libxi-dev libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-glxOK, test is starting
cd /usr/local/cuda/samples
ls
0_Simple 2_Graphics 4_Finance 6_Advanced common Makefile
1_Utilities 3_Imaging 5_Simulations 7_CUDALibraries EULA.txt
sudo make -j8make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/0_Simple/matrixMul_nvrtc'
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/0_Simple/simpleZeroCopy'
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/0_Simple/simpleMultiGPU'
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/0_Simple/simplePitchLinearTexture'
...
...
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/3_Imaging/dxtc'cd ./bin/x86_64/linux/release/
./deviceQuery./deviceQuery Starting...
CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)
Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)
Device 0: "GeForce GTX 950M"
CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version 8.0 / 8.0
CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number: 5.0
Total amount of global memory: 2003 MBytes (2100232192 bytes)
( 5) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP: 640 CUDA Cores
GPU Max Clock rate: 1124 MHz (1.12 GHz)
Memory Clock rate: 1001 Mhz
Memory Bus Width: 128-bit
L2 Cache Size: 2097152 bytes
Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z) 1D=(65536), 2D=(65536, 65536), 3D=(4096, 4096, 4096)
Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers 1D=(16384), 2048 layers
Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers 2D=(16384, 16384), 2048 layers
Total amount of constant memory: 65536 bytes
Total amount of shared memory per block: 49152 bytes
Total number of registers available per block: 65536
Warp size: 32
Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor: 2048
Maximum number of threads per block: 1024
Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
Max dimension size of a grid size (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
Maximum memory pitch: 2147483647 bytes
Texture alignment: 512 bytes
Concurrent copy and kernel execution: Yes with 1 copy engine(s)
Run time limit on kernels: Yes
Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory: No
Support host page-locked memory mapping: Yes
Alignment requirement for Surfaces: Yes
Device has ECC support: Disabled
Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA): Yes
Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID: 0 / 1 / 0
Compute Mode:
< Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >
deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 8.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 8.0, NumDevs = 1, Device0 = GeForce GTX 950M
Result = PASS
// if you see this, congratulations! 三、安装cuDNN
官网下载
I selected this version "https://developer.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/cudnn/secure/v7/#prod/8.0_20170802/cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v7-tgz" cause my cuda's version is 8.0
unzip the tar.gz, we got this foler "CUDA"
copy some files to our local foler
// in the "cuda" foler
sudo cp lib64/lib* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/
sudo cp include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/
cd /usr/local/cuda/lib64/
sudo chmod +r libcudnn.so.7.0.1
# 创建软链接
sudo ln -sf libcudnn.so.7.0.1 libcudnn.so.7
sudo ln -sf libcudnn.so.7 libcudnn.so
sudo ldconfig至此我们的cuDNN已经安装完成
三、安装OpenCV3
we would like to get opencv3 code from git to get the latest version, here is the link
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv
正克隆到 'opencv'...
remote: Counting objects: 210094, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Total 210094 (delta 0), reused 1 (delta 0), pack-reused 210089
接收对象中: 100% (210094/210094), 429.85 MiB | 245.00 KiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (145370/145370), 完成.
检查连接... 完成。
正在检出文件: 100% (5371/5371), 完成.接下来我们开始build
// in the "opencv" folder
mkdir build
cd build/
// 前提是你已经下载安装了cmake，如果没有，可以很方便地在Ubuntu软件中心中找到安装即可
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..可能会有错误：
...compling...
-- Checking for module 'libavresample'
-- No package 'libavresample' found
-- Checking for module 'libgphoto2'
-- No package 'libgphoto2' found
-- IPPICV: Download: ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz
--
=======================================================================
Couldn't download files from the Internet.
Please check the Internet access on this host.
=======================================================================
CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVDownload.cmake:188 (message):
IPPICV: Download failed: 6;"Couldn't resolve host name"
For details please refer to the download log file:
/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/build/CMakeDownloadLog.txt# 我们到log文件中看一下
################################显示如下################################
use_cache "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/.cache"
do_unpack "ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz" "87cbdeb627415d8e4bc811156289fa3a" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/a62e20676a60ee0ad6581e217fe7e4bada3b95db/ippicv/ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz" "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/build/3rdparty/ippicv"
#check_md5 "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/.cache/ippicv/87cbdeb627415d8e4bc811156289fa3a-ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz"
#mismatch_md5 "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/.cache/ippicv/87cbdeb627415d8e4bc811156289fa3a-ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz" "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e"
#delete "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/.cache/ippicv/87cbdeb627415d8e4bc811156289fa3a-ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz"
#cmake_download "/media/leerw/办公/ubuntu_caffe/opencv/.cache/ippicv/87cbdeb627415d8e4bc811156289fa3a-ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/a62e20676a60ee0ad6581e217fe7e4bada3b95db/ippicv/ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz"
#######################################################################是因为没有下载成功，没关系我们手动下载，感谢这个网页, great help
按照log中的说法我们把这个压缩包复制到/opencv/.cache/目录下
cp ippicv_2017u2_lnx_intel64_20170418.tgz opencv/.cache/
// in the opencv/build/ folder
sudo make install好了，我们的opencv3已经编译好了，我们在python下测试一下
我的python版本是自带的python2.7
>>> import cv2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named cv2这是因为我们没有安装python-opencv包
pip install python-opencv
Collecting opencv-python
Downloading opencv_python-3.3.0.9-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (8.8MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.8MB 68kB/s
Collecting numpy>=1.11.1 (from opencv-python)
Downloading numpy-1.13.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (16.6MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 16.6MB 50kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy, opencv-python
Successfully installed numpy opencv-python
Success and test againif you do not have pip, execute as follow first to get pip
sudo apt install pip重新测试一下
>>> import cv2
>>> print("opencv installation is succeed!")
opencv installation is succeed!四、安装caffe
先从git上下载
git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe安装boost
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev安装BLAS
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev安装其他必须的库
sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libboost-all-dev libhdf5-serial-dev \
libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo pip install scikit-image protobuf得到一个错误：
Collecting scikit-image
Downloading scikit_image-0.13.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (33.7MB)
85% |███████████████████████████▍ | 28.9MB 32kB/s eta 0:02:32Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 324, in run
requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file
session=self.session, hashes=hashes)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 821, in unpack_url
hashes=hashes
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url
hashes)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url
_download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 603, in _download_url
hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 571, in written_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/ui.py", line 139, in iter
for x in it:
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 560, in resp_read
decode_content=False):
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 357, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 324, in read
flush_decoder = True
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "/home/leerw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 246, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out.没关系，网络问题，我重试就好啦
then we go to caffe/python and install all the necessary Python packages
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do sudo pip install $req; done接下来我们要修改我们caffe目录下的Makefile和Makefile.config
首先是Makefile.config，先把Makefile.config.example中的内容复制到Makefile.config
// in the "caffe" folder
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config# USE_CUDNN := 1
注释去掉修改为
USE_CUDNN := 1
# OPENCV_VERSION := 3
注释去掉修改为
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
修改为
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
去掉注释修改为
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
修改为：
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial/接下来是Makefile
修改为
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial接下来make
make all -j8
make test -j8
make runtest -j8
############################ if you see this, congratulations! #################################
[ OK ] ProtoTest.TestSerialization (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from ProtoTest (0 ms total)
[----------] 2 tests from GemmTest/1, where TypeParam = double
[ RUN ] GemmTest/1.TestGemvCPUGPU
[ OK ] GemmTest/1.TestGemvCPUGPU (1 ms)
[ RUN ] GemmTest/1.TestGemmCPUGPU
[ OK ] GemmTest/1.TestGemmCPUGPU (0 ms)
[----------] 2 tests from GemmTest/1 (1 ms total)
[----------] 3 tests from TanHLayerTest/1, where TypeParam = caffe::CPUDevice<double>
[ RUN ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanH
[ OK ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanH (0 ms)
[ RUN ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanHOverflow
[ OK ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanHOverflow (0 ms)
[ RUN ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanHGradient
[ OK ] TanHLayerTest/1.TestTanHGradient (2 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from TanHLayerTest/1 (2 ms total)
[----------] 3 tests from ThresholdLayerTest/1, where TypeParam = caffe::CPUDevice<double>
[ RUN ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.TestSetup
[ OK ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.TestSetup (0 ms)
[ RUN ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.Test
[ OK ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.Test (0 ms)
[ RUN ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.Test2
[ OK ] ThresholdLayerTest/1.Test2 (0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from ThresholdLayerTest/1 (0 ms total)
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2101 tests from 277 test cases ran. (381562 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 2101 tests.
################################# our caffe installation is over################################最后我们配置一下pycaffe
sudo vim ~/.bashrc在文件末尾追加
export PYTHONPATH=/media/leerw/办公/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH
/*这里的/media/leerw/办公/caffe/python请改为你的路径，注意路径中不能包含中文，否则你会遇到我在文末提到的痛苦*/生效
source ~/.bashrc
make clean
make pycaffe -j8如果你遇到了如下错误
CXX/LD -o python/caffe/_caffe.so python/caffe/_caffe.cpp
python/caffe/_caffe.cpp:10:31: fatal error: numpy/arrayobject.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.是因为numpy没有安装
pip install numpy
// 如果提示没有权限
sudo pip install numpy注意caffe路径中不能含有中文，否则在python中一直会提示无法import caffe 这个错误！（说起来都是泪啊！！！）