deepin 15.5在虚拟机安装要16G,我就很傻很天真的只给16G,结果空间不足,安装个QT5卸载不少东西,还是硬盘空间不足提示,压缩明明只有11G多嘛,几个G去哪里?
我从卸载程序入手,终于卸载到还有9G,压缩后5G多,程序就只剩有deepin桌面和终端。我想deepin桌面加上基本系统,不至于有9G这么大吧!没有大程序可卸载,
终于想到从目录入手找大的家伙了。
deepin 15.5裁剪系统5 目录大小
root@mabao-PC:/# du -sh *|sort -n
du: 无法访问'proc/1209/task/1209/fd/4': 没有那个文件或目录
du: 无法访问'proc/1209/task/1209/fdinfo/4': 没有那个文件或目录
du: 无法访问'proc/1209/fd/3': 没有那个文件或目录
du: 无法访问'proc/1209/fdinfo/3': 没有那个文件或目录
du: 无法访问'run/user/1000/gvfs': 权限不够
0 dev
0 initrd.img
0 initrd.img.old
0 proc
0 sys
0 vmlinuz
0 vmlinuz.old
1.7M run
2.7M opt
3.3G usr
4.0K lib64
4.0K srv
4.1G swapfile
6.6M etc
8.0K mnt
14M bin
15M sbin
16K lost+found
16K media
32M lastore
56K tmp
118M boot
220K root
308M home
623M lib
667M var
root@mabao-PC:/#
----------------------------------------------------
最大的是
4.1G swapfile
3.3G usr
网上一查swapfile 一般是内存的2倍。
好嘛,我给你16G硬盘,你给我拿4G给个交换文件,坑我啊!!!!还好我只给2G内存。
一定要想办法把他从主虚拟硬盘中去掉。
查看内存和swap
root@mabao-PC:/# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1986 492 80 61 1412 1248
Swap: 4095 0 4095
root@mabao-PC:/#
Swap 妥妥的占4G.
增加新虚拟硬盘置换掉swapfile
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
增加新虚拟硬盘置换掉swapfile,空出主虚拟硬盘的空间。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
给vmware虚拟机增加一个硬盘
scsi 持久硬盘(非持久不会存储分区信息)。大小4G, 名称deepin_swap,单个文件deepin_swap.vmdk。
先测试一下swap文件是否可以控制停止和启动
- 1、先停止swap分区
/sbin/swapoff /swapfile
root@mabao-PC:/# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1986 492 78 64 1415 1245
Swap: 0 0 0
- 2、启动swap分区
/sbin/swapon /swapfile
其他任务不做的情况下deepin linux 可以控制swap文件停止和启动,对系统影响不大。
- 3、新虚拟硬盘添加分区
查看硬盘
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 16 GiB, 17179869184 bytes, 33554432 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6938394
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 33554431 33552384 16G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
在第二块硬盘上建立分区
输入fdisk /dev/sdb :对已经选中的硬盘进行编辑。选中硬盘时候输入n(增加一个新的分区),之后输入选输入p(选则为主分区),其次再输入1(建立1个分区),回车两次使用默认值,最后输入“w”保存退出;
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe45290ab.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-8388607, default 8388607):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 4 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao#
之后输入fdisk -l ,再次查看分区是否完成分配。
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 16 GiB, 17179869184 bytes, 33554432 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6938394
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 33554431 33552384 16G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe45290ab
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 8388607 8386560 4G 83 Linux
格式化新加的分区表 mkfs -t ext3(表示格式化后的文件系统) /dev/sdb1;
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
创建含有 1048320 个块(每块 4k)和 262144 个inode的文件系统
文件系统UUID:925c1432-ac8b-41e8-be91-5ef23e743763
超级块的备份存储于下列块:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
正在分配组表: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
创建日志(16384 个块)完成
写入超级块和文件系统账户统计信息: 已完成
进到 /home 目录
root@mabao-PC:/home# mkdir swap
root@mabao-PC:/home# ls
mabao swap
root@mabao-PC:/home# mount /dev/sdb1 /home/swap
root@mabao-PC:/home# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=990396k,nr_inodes=247599,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=203368k,mode=755)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=33,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12484)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
vmware-vmblock on /run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=203364k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
/dev/sdb1 on /home/swap type ext3 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
root@mabao-PC:/home#
- 4、建立 SWAP文件/home/swap/swapfile1
建立交换文件4G (需要一些时间)
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=4096000
root@mabao-PC:/home# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=4096000
dd: 写入'/home/swap/swapfile1' 出错: 设备上没有空间
记录了4049677+0 的读入
记录了4049676+0 的写出
4146868224 bytes (4.1 GB, 3.9 GiB) copied, 104.281 s, 39.8 MB/s
查看建立的文件大小
du -ah /home/swap|grep "swapfile1"
建立 SWAP文件
mkswap /home/swap/swapfile1
root@mabao-PC:/home# mkswap /home/swap/swapfile1
mkswap: /home/swap/swapfile1: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 3.9 GiB (4146864128 bytes)
no label, UUID=9f6c261b-4140-4bc8-8186-eb7a0a4109c6
------------------------------------------------------------------
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# mkswap /home/swap/swapfile1
mkswap: /home/swap/swapfile1: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 3.9 GiB (4146864128 bytes)
no label, UUID=cae4b12d-af98-47cd-9d65-6579db68b7c3
重启
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=990396k,nr_inodes=247599,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=203368k,mode=755)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=24,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12434)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
vmware-vmblock on /run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=203364k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/mabao/5cbb1e62-eb4c-421c-811f-69a8e8f8a885 type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,data=ordered,uhelper=udisks2)
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao#
看到没有mount 上/home/swap
- 5、开机启动加载新交换文件
查看开机启动情况
cat /etc/fstab
root@mabao-PC:/home# cat /etc/fstab
# /dev/sda1
UUID=ec7cf874-2f29-4de7-b33b-23f39283a738 / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1
/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
用 blkid 获取磁盘的uuid和属性,sudo blkid
root@mabao-PC:/home/swap# sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="ec7cf874-2f29-4de7-b33b-23f39283a738" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d6938394-01"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="5cbb1e62-eb4c-421c-811f-69a8e8f8a885" TYPE="ext3" PARTUUID="d531b294-01"
修改启动的挂载
vim /etc/fstab
在 / 的挂载后面添加
UUID=5cbb1e62-eb4c-421c-811f-69a8e8f8a885 /home/swap ext3 rw,relatime,data=ordered 1 1
保存退出。
reboot 重启。
查看mount,可以看到
/dev/sdb1 on /home/swap type ext3 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
进入目录,查看swapfile1 文件
root@mabao-PC:/home# cd swap
root@mabao-PC:/home/swap# ls
lost+found swapfile1
启用 SWAP文件
swapon /home/swap/swapfile1
root@mabao-PC:/home# swapon /home/swap/swapfile1
swapon: /home/swap/swapfile1: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
开机启动加载
echo "/home/swap/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
查看swap
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1986 482 468 60 1035 1298
Swap: 8050 0 8050
增加了一倍。
reboot 重启正常。
查看启动挂载
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# cat /etc/fstab
# /dev/sda1
UUID=ec7cf874-2f29-4de7-b33b-23f39283a738 / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1
UUID=5cbb1e62-eb4c-421c-811f-69a8e8f8a885 /home/swap ext3 rw,relatime,data=ordered 1 1
/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
/home/swap/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0
修改/etc/fstab
vim /etc/fstab
去掉/swapfile 挂载,保存
reboot 重启正常。
查看swap
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1986 472 478 60 1035 1308
Swap: 3954 0 3954
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao#
查看文件系统
root@mabao-PC:/home/mabao# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 968M 0 968M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 1.8M 197M 1% /run
/dev/sda1 16G 9.1G 5.9G 61% /
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb1 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /home/swap
tmpfs 199M 16K 199M 1% /run/user/1000
6、删除旧swapfile文件
是时候删除 根目录下swapfile 了。(前面已经停止启动时挂载,并重启过)
rm -f swapfile
查看文件系统,/dev/sda1 多了4G
root@mabao-PC:/# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 968M 0 968M 0% /dev
tmpfs 199M 1.8M 197M 1% /run
/dev/sda1 16G 5.1G 9.9G 34% /
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb1 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /home/swap
tmpfs 199M 16K 199M 1% /run/user/1000
root@mabao-PC:/#
关机
shutdown -t 0
deepin_swap.vmdk 才35M
good 完工。终于有4G空间折腾QT5.
mabao 2018.10.05