版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/wangwo1991/article/details/80202582
Handler：发送和接收消息
Looper：消息(循环)轮询器
Message:消息池
MessageQueue：消息队列。虽然名为队列，但事实上它的内部存储结构并不是真正的队列，而是采用单链表的数据结构来存储消息列表的
先来看Handler，其实系统很多东西都是通过Handler消息来实现的，其中也包括activity的生命周期，应用程序的退出等；在ActivityThread类中的main方法中可以很清楚的看到，同时main方法也是android应用程序的主入口；
public static void main(String[] args) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
//实例化一个main Looper
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
//实例化ActivityThread
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
//调用attach方法
thread.attach(false);
//通过ActivityThread获取Handler对象
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
//开启消息轮询器
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}在实例化一个main looper的时候调用的是prepareMainLooper();方法；prepareMainLooper();方法是Looper类中的方法；
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
//调用prepare方法
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
//这里需要注意只能实例化一个main Looper对象，多次实例化会报错
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}prepare();方法这里就暂时不讲了，后面会讲到，实例化完mian looper后，就会去实例化ActivityThread对象并调用其中的attach()方法及getHandler()方法去实例化一个Handler对象；
final Handler getHandler() {
//mH extends Handler 在加载ActivityThread的时候就已经初始化了
return mH;
}private class H extends Handler {
public static final int LAUNCH_ACTIVITY = 100;
public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY = 101;
public static final int DESTROY_ACTIVITY = 109;
public static final int EXIT_APPLICATION = 111;
public static final int STOP_SERVICE = 116;
String codeToString(int code) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) {
switch (code) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: return "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY";
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: return "PAUSE_ACTIVITY";
case DESTROY_ACTIVITY: return "DESTROY_ACTIVITY";
case EXIT_APPLICATION: return "EXIT_APPLICATION";
case STOP_SERVICE: return "STOP_SERVICE";
}
}
return Integer.toString(code);
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, false,
(args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0, args.argi2,
(args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case DESTROY_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityDestroy");
handleDestroyActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, msg.arg1 != 0,
msg.arg2, false);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
case EXIT_APPLICATION:
if (mInitialApplication != null) {
mInitialApplication.onTerminate();
}
Looper.myLooper().quit();
break;
case STOP_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceStop");
handleStopService((IBinder)msg.obj);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
}
}public void quit() {
mQueue.quit(false);
}这里就粗略而过，后面会详细讲；这是一些系统handler的使用，还是看看平时开发中的使用吧；
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Handler mHanlder;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//开启子线程
new MyThread().start();
}
class MyThread extends Thread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
//实例化消息轮询器
Looper.prepare();
//实例化handler对象
mHanlder = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
};
//获取message对象
Message message = mHanlder.obtainMessage();
message.what = 1;
//发送消息
mHanlder.sendMessage(message);
//开启looper轮询器
Looper.loop();
}
}
}这是一段在子线程中实例化handler的代码，当然了也可以不在线程中实例化handler，这样子就不需要实例化一个Looper，系统已经实现了的，如果在子线中实例化handler就需要同样实例化一个Looper，确保handler所在线程和Looper所在的线程一致，否则会报错；
先来看第一步Looper.prepare()实例化一个Looper；
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
//调用prepare方法quitAllowed就为true，调用的是prepareMainLooper方法quitAllowed就是false
//sThreadLocal.get()是直接从ThreadLocal池中获取 这里同样只能实例化一个Looper，多次实例化会报错
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
//直接new 一个Looper，并将实例化的Looper对象添加到ThreadLocal池中
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}在new 一个looper的时候会去实例化一个MessageQueue对象；
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
//直接实例化一个MessageQueue对象
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
//获取当前线程
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}第二步handler的实例化
handler提供多个构造方法，可以传入一个Looper，Callback回调等，这里直接用了无参构造；
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
//获取实例化好的looper对象，这里是从ThreadLocal池中直接获取的
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
//如果获取到的looper对象为null就会报错，所以要保证实例化好的looper对象和handler对象所在的线程要一致，
//也就是平时如果在子线程中实例化handler没有实例化looper报错的原因
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//获取MessageQueue对象，MessageQueue对象在实例化looper的构造方法中就已经实例化好了
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
//myLooper是looper类中的方法，从ThreadLocal池中直接获取looper对象
return sThreadLocal.get();
}第三步Message对象的实例化，通过obtainMessage();方法获取的Message对象，当然也可以直接new 一个Message，不过建议使用obtainMessage();方法获取；
public final Message obtainMessage()
{
//调用Handler类中的obtainMessage方法，返回一个Message对象，不过调用的是Message中的obtain方法，并将Handler本身做参数传入
return Message.obtain(this);
}public static Message obtain(Handler h) {
//这里又调用了Message中的obtain()方法
Message m = obtain();
//将传入的handler对象赋值给Message中的target变量
m.target = h;
return m;
}
/**
* Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to
返回一个Message实例，从全局池中
* avoid allocating new objects in many cases.
*/
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
//判断Message池是否为null
if (sPool != null) {
//不为null就将sPool对象赋值个m
Message m = sPool;
//又将m中的赋值给sPool 这里是链表结构
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
//将获取到的message实例返回
return m;
}
}
//sPool为null的情况下直接new 一个Message对象并返回
return new Message();
}Message类中还提供了recycleUnchecked()方法，用于handler消息的回收，这里暂不说；Message对象有了，调用sendMessage()发送消息，当然了Handler类中不只这一个方法可以发送消息，还有其他的方法，具体可以看Handler源码；
/**
* Pushes a message onto the end of the message queue after all pending messages
* before the current time. It will be received in {@link #handleMessage},
* in the thread attached to this handler.
*
* @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the
* message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the
* looper processing the message queue is exiting.
*/
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
//delayMillis延迟发送的时间 毫秒值
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//获取MessageQueue对象，mQueue是在实例化handler时，通过looper对象获取，最初是在实例化looper对象的构造方法中实例化的
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//将当前的handler赋值给Message中的handler
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}走到这里就会去调用MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage()方法；
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
//msg.target就是handler对象，上面已经进行了赋值操作
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
//已经取消了
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
//调用recycle方法，如果没有被回收就会调用recycleUnchecked()方法进行handler消息的回收
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
//创建新的Message对象，并赋值
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
//创建的message对象为null或者没有延迟发送消息或者延迟发送消息的时间小于发送的时间
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
//添加到新的消息头部，如果阻塞，唤醒事件队列
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}这样子就将消息添加到队列中了，通过Looper.loop();开启轮询去取消息；
/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
*/
public static void loop() {
//获取looper对象，如果为null说明没有实例化looper对象，会报错
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//获取MessageQueue对象，MessageQueue对象是在实例化looper对象的构造方法中实例化的
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//进行消息轮询 这里是一个for死循环，不管是ActivityThread中的void main方法，还是平时使用loop()方法都是在最后面调用，这样不会阻塞
for (;;) {
//这里是链表结构，通过next()去获取每一个message对象
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
//没有消息指示消息队列正在退出。 直接退出该方法，
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
try {
//将获取到的message消息通过handler中的dispatchMessage方法进行分发
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
//通过messsage中的recycleUnchecked方法对消息进行回收
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
//消息循环
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
//尝试检索下一条消息。如果找到，返回。
//获取时间 从开机到现在的毫秒数（手机睡眠的时间不包括在内）；
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
//将msg赋值给prevMsg
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
//获取到的时间消息消息的时间
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
//下一条消息尚未准备好。设置一个超时，以便在准备就绪时唤醒。
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}/**
* Handle system messages here.
*/
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
//设置了callback就会走这里
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
//这里是没有设置callback
handleMessage(msg);
}
}/**
* Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
*实例化handler的时候都会去重写该方法，在该方法中进行消息的处理
*/
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}在消息处理完毕后，还会对消息进行回收的；
/**
* Recycles a Message that may be in-use.
* Used internally by the MessageQueue and Looper when disposing of queued Messages.
*/
void recycleUnchecked() {
// Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
// Clear out all other details.
flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
what = 0;
arg1 = 0;
arg2 = 0;
obj = null;
replyTo = null;
sendingUid = -1;
when = 0;
target = null;
callback = null;
data = null;
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
next = sPool;
sPool = this;
sPoolSize++;
}
}
}Looper.loop()；中是一个死循环，所以在使用handler消息的时候需要注意当页面销毁后要将消息移除掉，避免造成内存泄漏什么的；handler提供一些移除消息的方法；
/**
* Remove any pending posts of callbacks and sent messages whose
* <var>obj</var> is <var>token</var>. If <var>token</var> is null,
* all callbacks and messages will be removed.
*/
public final void removeCallbacksAndMessages(Object token) {
//token为null的时候所有的callback和messages都会被移除掉
mQueue.removeCallbacksAndMessages(this, token);
}