我用的是tomcat7.0.82.
tomcat报错，无法启动。
**报错信息：**Could not publish server configuration for Tomcat v7.0 server at localhost. 和 Server Tomcat v7.0 Server at localhost failed to start。
其他tomcat配置和项目部署等，都没有错，但是就是不能启动。被折磨了很久，试了网上的各种方法都没用。好不容易解决了，所以感觉必须要记录下。
tomcat启动时报错，如下图：
原因：不能发布本地Tomcat v7.0 的服务配置，重复的Contexts含有了某个项目的路径。
解决方法：
找到建立tomcat的时在工作空间Servers的项目，找到此项目下的server.xml文件，
打开并查找Context节点，可以看到，此处确实有重复的配置，删除多余，仅保留一个即可。
至此，保存。
按照以上方法操作后，还是报错：
报错信息如下：
一月 05, 2018 9:21:47 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext resourcesStart
严重: Error starting static Resources java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Document base D:\SoftwareInstall\SoftwareDevelop\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.82\webapps\pratice does not exist or is not a readable directory
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.naming.resources.FileDirContext.setDocBase(FileDirContext.java:136)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:5239)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5430)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
一月 05, 2018 9:21:47 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1239)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Error in resourceStart()
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5431)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
... 6 more
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSecureRandom
警告: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [2,272] milliseconds.
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1239)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:444)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:758)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:694)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1700)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1690)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1247)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
... 6 more
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start. org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:694)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:758)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:444)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1247)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
... 11 more
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
信息: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
信息: Stopping service Catalina
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:52 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
信息: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
一月 05, 2018 9:21:53 上午 org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources cleanUp
警告: Failed to retrieve JNDI naming context for container [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/pratice]] so no cleanup was performed for that container
javax.naming.NamingException: No naming context bound to this class loader
------------------------------------------------------------------------
at org.apache.naming.ContextBindings.getClassLoader(ContextBindings.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources.cleanUp(NamingResources.java:985)
at org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources.stopInternal(NamingResources.java:968)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:221)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5847)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:221)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:259)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:1146)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1357)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:1146)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.destroyInternal(ContainerBase.java:1357)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.destroyInternal(StandardService.java:594)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.destroyInternal(StandardServer.java:848)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.destroy(LifecycleBase.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:698)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:294)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:428)解决方法：找到tomcat的安装目录，找到conf文件夹下的server.xml文件，打开查找到Context标签。
发现有多个Context，把多余的删除，仅保留tomcat部署下的项目即可。保存，运行项目。
至此，tomcat就能正常启动了，项目也能运行。