Tcp 粘包拆包与解决方法

Tcp的粘包拆包

1.TCP是面向连接的,面向流的,提供高可靠性服务,收发两端,都要有一一成对的socket,因此,发送端为了将多个发给接收端的包,更有效的发给对方,使用了优化方法(Nagle算法),将多次间隔较小且数据量小的数据,合成一个大的数据块,然后进行封包,这样做虽然提高了效率,但是接收端就难于分辨出完整的数据包了,因为面向流的通信是无消息保护边界的
2.由于TCP无消息保护边界,需要在接收端处理消息边界问题,也就是我们所说的粘包,拆包问题.

TCP粘包,拆包图解

在这里插入图片描述
假设客户端分别发送了两个数据包D1 D2给服务端,由于服务端一次读取到的字节数是不确定的,故可能存在以下四种情况
1)服务端分两次读取到了两个独立的数据包,分别是D1 D2 没有粘包和拆包
2)服务端一次接受了两个数据包,D1 D2粘合在一起 成为TCP粘包
3)服务端分两次读取带了数据包,第一次读取到了完整的D1包和D2包的部分内容,第二次读取到了D2的剩余内容,这称之为TCP拆包
4)服务端分两次读取到了数据包,第一次读取到了D1包的部分内容D1_1,第二次读取到了D1包的剩余部分内容D1_2和完整的D2包.

TCP粘包和拆包的解决方案

1.使用自定义协议+编解码器来解决.
2.关键就是要解决服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题,这个问题解决,就不会初选服务器多读或者少读数据的问题,从而避免的TCP粘包,拆包.

自定义Tcp数据包:
有两个属性,一个长度,一个内容

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class MessageProtocol {

    private int len;
    private byte[] bytes;

    public int getLen() {
        return len;
    }

    public void setLen(int len) {
        this.len = len;
    }

    public byte[] getBytes() {
        return bytes;
    }

    public void setBytes(byte[] bytes) {
        this.bytes = bytes;
    }
}

自定义的编解码器:
编码器:

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class MessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> {

    private int count;

    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, MessageProtocol messageProtocol, ByteBuf byteBuf) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MessageEncoder encode方法被调用"+(++this.count)+"次");
        byteBuf.writeInt(messageProtocol.getLen());
        byteBuf.writeBytes(messageProtocol.getBytes());
    }
}

解码器:

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ReplayingDecoder;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class MessageDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {

    private int count;

    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, ByteBuf byteBuf, List<Object> list) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MessageDecoder 方法被调用"+(++this.count));
        // 将二进制字节码 -> messageProtocol
        int length = byteBuf.readInt();
        byte[] content = new byte[length];
        byteBuf.readBytes(content);
        // 分装成messageProtocol 给下一个handler去处理
        MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
        messageProtocol.setLen(length);
        messageProtocol.setBytes(content);

        list.add(messageProtocol);
    }
}

服务端:

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/11
 */
public class TcpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup boosGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(boosGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true)
                    .childHandler(new TcpSeverInitializer());

            ChannelFuture sync = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
            sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            boosGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

服务端Initializer与handler

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class TcpSeverInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new MessageDecoder());
        pipeline.addLast(new MessageEncoder());
        pipeline.addLast(new TcpSeverHandler());
    }
}
package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class TcpSeverHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {

    private int count;


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, MessageProtocol messageProtocol) throws Exception {
        int len = messageProtocol.getLen();
        byte[] bytes = messageProtocol.getBytes();
        System.out.println("服务端接收信息如下");
        System.out.println("长度=" + len);
        System.out.println("内容=" + new String(bytes, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
        System.out.println("服务器接受消息包的数量" +(++this.count));

        // 回复消息
        String s = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        int length = s.getBytes("utf-8").length;
        MessageProtocol resp = new MessageProtocol();
        resp.setLen(length);
        resp.setBytes(s.getBytes("utf-8"));
        channelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(resp);
    }
}

客户端:

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/11
 */
public class TcpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new TcpClientInitializer());

            ChannelFuture sync = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 7000).sync();
            sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

服务端Initializer与handler

package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class TcpClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new MessageEncoder());
        pipeline.addLast(new MessageDecoder());
        pipeline.addLast(new TcpClientHandler());
    }
}
package com.jym.protocoltcp;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * @program: NettyPro
 * @description:
 * @author: jym
 * @create: 2020/02/12
 */
public class TcpClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {

    private int count;

    /**
     * 使用客户端发送10条数据,保温杯里泡枸杞
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            String message = "保温杯里泡枸杞";
            byte[] bytes = message.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            int length = message.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")).length;
            // 创建协议包
            MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
            messageProtocol.setLen(length);
            messageProtocol.setBytes(bytes);
            ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, MessageProtocol messageProtocol) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("从服务端接受到消息:");
        System.out.println("接收到的长度为:"+ messageProtocol.getLen());
        System.out.println("接收到的内容为:"+ new String(messageProtocol.getBytes(),Charset.forName("utf-8")));
    }
}

主要是通过自定义数据包,让handler每次处理一个数据包,解决读取数据长度

学习年限不足,知识过浅,说的不对请见谅。

世界上有10种人,一种是懂二进制的,一种是不懂二进制的。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_43326401/article/details/104287539